Zechariah 11

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Zechariah 11 is the eleventh of the 14 chapters in the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn[1] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah. In the Hebrew Bible it is part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.Template:Sfn This chapter is a part of a section consisting of Zechariah 9–14,Template:Sfn attributed to the so-called "Second Zechariah", an anonymous successor to the Zechariah of chapters 1-8.Template:Sfn

Text

The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 17 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Codex Cairensis (from year 895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (930), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, 4Q82 (4QXIIg; 50–25 BCE) with extant verses 1–2.Template:Sfn[2]Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; 𝔊B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: 𝔊S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; 𝔊A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; 𝔊Q; 6th century).Template:Sfn

Desolation of Israel (verses 1–3)

These verses form a taunting song against the leadership of the people, or even the temple, alluding to Jeremiah 25:36.Template:Sfn This section is a so-called 'link passage' using the 'stitch words' 'Lebanon' (cf 10:12; 11:1) and 'shepherds' (10:3; 11:3, 4).Template:Sfn The passage has been interpreted as a reference to the second temple after the destruction of that temple in AD 70.Template:Sfn

Verse 1

Open your doors, O Lebanon,
that the fire may devour your cedars![3]

Biblical scholar Katrina Larkin notes that both rabbinic tradition and the Dead Sea Scrolls use the word "Lebanon" to refer to the temple in Jerusalem.Template:Sfn

Prophecy of the Shepherds (verses 4–17)

In this section, verses 4–6 introduce a prophet who plays a "shepherd" and is strongly identified with YHWH, with the people of Israel as the "flock", and their leaders as "merchants".Template:Sfn The passage alludes to Template:Bibleverse, but controversially turning Ezekiel's image of unity into one of threefold disunity (verses 9, 10, 14).Template:Sfn.

Verse 4

Thus said the Lord my God: "Become shepherd of the flock doomed to slaughter".[4]

The implied words [said] "to me" are added in some versions.[5]

Verse 12

And I said unto them,
If ye think good, give me my price;
and if not, forbear.
So they weighed for my price thirty pieces of silver.[6]
  • "My price": that is, "my wages" for taking care of the "flock", which represents "people".[7]
  • "If ye think good": literally, "If it be good in your eyes." Christian writers connect this to the ministry of Jesus, who had given pastoral care to the people, speaking of himself as a "servant" to fulfill the Father's will (Philippians 2:7).[8]
  • "If not, forbear": recalls the passages in the book of Ezekiel: "Thou shalt say unto them, thus saith the Lord God, He that heareth, let him hear, and he that forbeareth, let him forbear" (Ezekiel 3:27; cf. Template:Bibleverse, Template:Bibleverse; Template:Bibleverse). Elijah had also said, "If the Lord be God, follow Him; but if Baal, then follow him" (1 Kings 18:21) indicating that God will not force the free-will of men.[9]
  • "Thirty pieces of silver": is the price of a slave, gored to death by an ox (Template:Bibleverse). This is connected to the bargain of Judas (Template:Bibleverse), which the high priest, knowingly or unknowingly, fixed on the price of "thirty pieces of silver."[9] Bereshit Rabba notes that this prophecy 'belongs to the Messiah'.[10][11]

Verse 13

And the Lord said to me, “Throw it to the potter”—that princely price they set on me. So I took the thirty pieces of silver and threw them into the house of the Lord for the potter.[12]

This saying is attributed to Jeremiah (as a form of midrash on Jeremiah 18–19) in the New Testament (Template:Bibleverse; Matthew 27:3-10).Template:Sfn

Verses 15-17

Verses 15–16 contain the image of an antitype to the good shepherd, echoing similar imagery found in Template:Bibleverse, while verse 17 counteracts verses 15–16 with an oracle of woe against the worthless shepherd.Template:Sfn

See also

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Notes and references

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Sources

Jewish

Christian

Template:Book of Zechariah

  1. ↑ Zechariah, Book of. Jewish Encyclopedia
  2. ↑ Dead sea scrolls – Zechariah
  3. ↑ Template:Bibleverse: English Standard Version
  4. ↑ Template:Bibleverse: English Standard Version
  5. ↑ Template:Bibleverse: Good News Translation
  6. ↑ Template:Bibleverse KJV
  7. ↑ Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "Zechariah 11". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.
  8. ↑ Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, Andrew Robert; Brown, David. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. "Zechariah 11". 1871.
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Bible - Zechariah 11. James Murphy (ed). London: Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.
  10. ↑ Bereshit Rabba, sect. 98. fol. 85. 3.
  11. ↑ Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible. "Zechariah 11". Published in 1746-1763.
  12. ↑ Template:Bibleref2 NKJV
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