Orders of magnitude (length)

From testwiki
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Template:Pp Template:Short description Template:More citations needed Template:Use dmy dates

Objects of sizes in different order of magnitude (at inconsistent intervals)
Graphical overview of sizes

The following are examples of orders of magnitude for different lengths.

Overview

Scale Range (m) Unit Example items
≥ <
Subatomic – 0 – Gravitational singularity
10−36 10−33 Template:Math Fixed value (not a range). Quantum foam, string
10−18 10−15 am Proton, neutron, pion
Atomic to cellular 10−15 10−12 fm Atomic nucleus
10−12 10−9 pm Wavelength of gamma rays and X-rays, hydrogen atom
10−9 10−6 nm DNA helix, virus, wavelength of optical spectrum, transistors used in CPUs
Cellular to human 10−6 10−3 μm Bacterium, fog water droplet, human hair's diameter[note 1]
10−3 1 mm Mosquito, golf ball, domestic cat, violin, football
Human to astronomical 1 103 m Piano, human, automobile, sperm whale, football field, Eiffel Tower
103 106 km Mount Everest, length of Panama Canal and Trans-Siberian Railway, larger asteroid
Astronomical 106 109 Mm The Moon, Earth, one light-second
109 1012 Gm Sun, one light-minute, Earth's orbit
1012 1015 Tm Orbits of outer planets, Solar System
1015 1018 Pm A light-year, the distance to Proxima Centauri
1018 1021 Em Galactic arm
1021 1024 Zm Milky Way, distance to Andromeda Galaxy
1024 1027 Ym Huge-LQG, Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall, Observable universe

Template:Clear

Detailed list

To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various lengths between 1.6×10−35 meters and 101010122meters.

Subatomic scale

Factor (m) Multiple Value Item
0 0 0 Singularity
10−35 1 Planck length 0.0000162 qm  Planck length; typical scale of hypothetical loop quantum gravity or size of a hypothetical string and of branes; according to string theory, lengths smaller than this do not make any physical sense.[1] Quantum foam is thought to exist at this scale.
10−24 1 yoctometer (ym) 142 ym Effective cross section radius of 1 MeV neutrinos[2]
10−21 1 zeptometer (zm) Preons, hypothetical particles proposed as subcomponents of quarks and leptons; the upper bound for the width of a cosmic string in string theory
7 zm Effective cross section radius of high-energy neutrinos[3]
310 zm De Broglie wavelength of protons at the Large Hadron Collider (4 TeV Template:As of)
10−18 1 attometer (am) Upper limit for the size of quarks and electrons
Sensitivity of the LIGO detector for gravitational waves[4]
Upper bound of the typical size range for "fundamental strings"[1]
10−17 10 am Range of the weak force
10−16 100 am 850 am Approximate proton radius[5]

Atomic to cellular scale

Factor (m) Multiple Value Item
10−15Template:Anchor 1 femtometer (fm, fermi) 1 fm Approximate limit of the gluon-mediated color force between quarks[6][7]
1.5 fm Effective cross section radius of an 11 MeV proton[8]
2.81794 fm Classical electron radius[9]
3 fm Approximate limit of the meson-mediated nuclear binding force[6][7]
750 to 822.25 fm Longest wavelength of gamma rays
10−12Template:Anchor 1 picometer (pm) 1.75 to 15 fm Diameter range of the atomic nucleus[1][10]
1 pm Distance between atomic nuclei in a white dwarf
2.4 pm Compton wavelength of electron
5 pm Wavelength of shortest X-rays
10−11 10 pm 28 pm Radius of helium atom
53 pm Bohr radius (radius of a hydrogen atom)
10−10 100 pm 100 pm 1 ångström (also covalent radius of sulfur atom[11])
154 pm Length of a typical covalent bond (C–C)
280 pm Average size of the water molecule (actual lengths may vary)
500 pm Width of protein α helix
10−9Template:Anchor 1 nanometer (nm) 1 nm Diameter of a carbon nanotube[12]Diameter of smallest transistor gate (as of 2016)[13]
2 nm Diameter of the DNA helix[14]
2.5 nm Smallest microprocessor transistor gate oxide thickness (Template:As of)Template:Citation needed
3.4 nm Length of a DNA turn (10 bp)[15]
6–10 nm Thickness of cell membrane
10−8 10 nm 10 nm Upper range of thickness of cell wall in Gram-negative bacteria[16]
10 nm Template:As of, the 10 nanometer was the smallest semiconductor device fabrication node[17]
40 nm Extreme ultraviolet wavelength
50 nm Flying height of the head of a hard disk[18]
10−7 100 nm 121.6 nm Wavelength of the Lyman-alpha line[19]
120 nm Typical diameter of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)[20]
400–700 nm Approximate wavelength range of visible light[21]


Cellular to human scale

Factor (m) Multiple Value Item
10−6Template:Anchor 1 micrometer (μm)

(also called 1 micron)

1–4 μm Typical length of a bacterium[22]
4 μm Typical diameter of spider silk[23]
7 μm Typical size of a red blood cell[24]
10−5 10 μm 10 μm Typical size of a fog, mist, or cloud water droplet
10 μm Width of transistors in the Intel 4004, the world's first commercial microprocessor
12 μm Width of acrylic fiber
17–181 μm Width range of human hair[25]
10−4 100 μm 340 μm Size of a pixel on a 17-inch monitor with a resolution of 1024×768
560 μm Thickness of the central area of a human cornea[26]
750 μm Maximum diameter of Thiomargarita namibiensis, the second largest bacterium ever discovered
10−3Template:Anchor 1 millimeter (mm) ~5 mm Length of an average flea is 1–10 mm (usually <5 mm)[27]
2.54 mm One-tenth inch; distance between pins in DIP (dual-inline-package) electronic components
5.70 mm Diameter of the projectile in 5.56×45mm NATO ammunition
10−2 1 centimeter (cm) 20 mm Approximate width of an adult human finger
54 mm × 86 mm Dimensions of a credit card, according to the ISO/IEC 7810 ID-1 standard
73–75 mm Diameter of a baseball, according to Major League Baseball guidelines[28]
10−1 1 decimeter (dm) 120 mm Diameter of a compact disc
660 mm Length of the longest pine cones, produced by the sugar pine[29]
900 mm Average length of a rapier, a fencing sword[30]

Human to astronomical scale

Planets of the Solar System to scale
Factor (m) Multiple Value Item
1 (100)Template:Anchor 1 meter (m) 1 m (exactly) Since 2019, defined as the length of the path travelled by light in a vacuum during a time interval of 1/299,792,458 of a second, where the second is defined by a hyperfine transition frequency of caesium.
2.72 m Height of Robert Wadlow, tallest-known human.[31]
8.38 m Length of a London bus (AEC Routemaster)
101 1 decameter (dam) 33 m Length of the longest-known blue whale[32]
52 m Height of the Niagara Falls[33]
93.47 m Height of the Statue of Liberty
102 1 hectometer (hm) 105 m Length of a typical football field
137 m (147 m) Height (present and original) of the Great Pyramid of Giza
300 m Height of the Eiffel Tower, one of the famous monuments of Paris
979 m Height of the Salto Angel, the world's highest free-falling waterfall (Venezuela)
103 1 kilometer (km) 2.3 km Length of the Three Gorges Dam, the largest dam in the world[34][35]
3.1 km Narrowest width of the Strait of Messina, separating Italy and Sicily
8.848 km Height of Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth
104 10 km 10.9 km Depth of the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench, the deepest-known point on Earth's surface
27 km Circumference of the Large Hadron Collider, Template:As of the largest and highest energy particle accelerator
42.195 km Length of a marathon
105 100 km 100 km The distance the IAU considers to be the limit to space, called the Karman line
163 km Length of the Suez Canal, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
491 km Length of the Pyrenees, the mountain range separating Spain and France
600km Thermosphere height
974.6 km Greatest diameter of the dwarf planet Ceres.[36]
106Template:Anchor 1 megameter (Mm) 2.38 Mm Diameter of dwarf planet Pluto, formerly the smallest planet category[note 2] in the Solar System
3.48 Mm Diameter of the Moon
5.2 Mm Typical distance covered by the winner of the 24 Hours of Le Mans automobile endurance race
6.259 Mm Length of the Great Wall of China
6.371 Mm Average radius of Earth
6.378 Mm Equatorial radius of Earth
6.6 Mm Approximate length of the two longest rivers, the Nile and the Amazon
7.821 Mm Length of the Trans-Canada Highway
9.288 Mm Length of the Trans-Siberian Railway, longest in the world

Astronomical scale

Factor (m) Multiple Value Item
107Template:Anchor 10 Mm 12.756 Mm Equatorial diameter of Earth
20.004 Mm Length of a meridian on Earth (distance between Earth's poles along the surface)[37]
40.075 Mm Length of Earth's equator
108Template:Anchor 100 Mm 142.984 Mm Diameter of Jupiter
299.792 Mm Distance traveled by light in vacuum in one second (a light-second, exactly 299,792,458 m by definition of the speed of light)
384.4 Mm Moon's orbital distance from Earth
109Template:Anchor 1 gigameter (Gm) 1.39 Gm Diameter of the Sun
5.15 Gm Greatest mileage ever recorded by a car (3.2 million miles by a 1966 Volvo P-1800S)[38]
1010Template:Anchor 10 Gm 18 Gm Approximately one light-minute
1011Template:Anchor 100 Gm 150 Gm 1 astronomical unit (au); mean distance between Earth and Sun
1012Template:Anchor 1 terameter (Tm) 1.3 Tm Optical diameter of Betelgeuse
1.4 Tm Orbital distance of Saturn from Sun
2 Tm Estimated optical diameter of VY Canis Majoris, one of the largest-known stars
5.9 Tm Orbital distance of Pluto from the Sun
~ 7.5 Tm Outer boundary of the Kuiper belt
1013Template:Anchor 10 Tm Diameter of the Solar System as a whole[1]
16.09 Tm Total length of DNA molecules in all cells of an adult human body[39]
21.49 Tm Distance of the Voyager 1 spacecraft from Sun (Template:As of), the farthest man-made object so far[40]
62.03 Tm Estimated radius of the event horizon of the supermassive black hole in NGC 4889, the largest-known black hole to date
1014Template:Anchor 100 Tm 180 Tm Size of the debris disk around the star 51 Pegasi[41]
1015Template:Anchor 1 petameter (Pm) ~7.5 Pm Supposed outer boundary of the Oort cloud (~ 50,000 au)
9.461 Pm Distance traveled by light in vacuum in one year; at its current speed, Voyager 1 would need 17,500 years to travel this distance
1016Template:Anchor 10 Pm 30.857 Pm 1 parsec
39.9 Pm Distance to nearest star (Proxima Centauri)
41.3 Pm As of March 2013, distance to nearest discovered extrasolar planet (Alpha Centauri Bc)
1017Template:Anchor 100 Pm 193 Pm As of October 2010, distance to nearest discovered extrasolar planet with potential to support life as presently defined by science (Gliese 581 d)
615 Pm Approximate radius of humanity's radio bubble, caused by high-power TV broadcasts leaking through the atmosphere into outer space
1018Template:Anchor 1 exameter (Em) 1.9 Em Distance to nearby solar twin (HIP 56948), a star with properties virtually identical to the Sun[42]
1019Template:Anchor 10 Em 9.46 Em Average thickness of Milky Way Galaxy[43] (1,000 to 3,000 ly by 21 cm observations[44])
1020Template:Anchor 100 Em 113.5 Em Thickness of Milky Way Galaxy's gaseous disk[45]
1021Template:Anchor 1 zettameter (Zm)
1.54 Zm Distance to SN 1987A, the most recent naked eye supernova
1.62 Zm Distance to the Large Magellanic Cloud (a dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way)
1.66 Zm Distance to the Small Magellanic Cloud (another dwarf galaxy orbiting the Milky Way)
1.9 Zm Diameter of galactic disk of Milky Way Galaxy[46][47][48][49]
6.15 Zm Diameter of the low surface brightness disc halo of the giant spiral galaxy Malin 1
1022Template:Anchor 10 Zm 13.25 Zm Radius of the diffuse stellar halo of IC 1101, one of the largest-known galaxies
24 Zm Distance to Andromeda Galaxy
30.857 Zm 1 megaparsec
50 Zm Diameter of Local Group of galaxies
1023Template:Anchor 100 Zm 300–600 Zm Distance to Virgo cluster of galaxies
1024Template:Anchor 1 yottameter (Ym) 2.19 Ym Diameter of the Local Supercluster and the largest voids and filaments
2.8 Ym End of Greatness
~5 Ym Diameter of the Horologium Supercluster[50]
9.461 YmTemplate:Anchor Diameter of the Pisces–Cetus Supercluster Complex, the supercluster complex which includes Earth
1025 10 Ym 13 Ym Length of the Sloan Great Wall, a giant wall of galaxies (galactic filament)[51]
30.857 Ym 1 gigaparsec
37.84 Ym Length of the Huge-LQG, a group of 73 quasars
1026Template:Anchor 100 Ym 95 Ym Estimated light travel distance to certain quasars. Length of the Hercules–Corona Borealis Great Wall, a colossal wall of galaxies, the largest and the most massive structure in the observable universe as of 2014
127 Ym Estimated light travel distance to GN-z11, the most distant object ever observed
870 Ym Approximate diameter (comoving distance) of the visible universe[1]
1027Template:Anchor 1 Rm 1.2 Rm Lower bound of the (possibly infinite) radius of the universe, if it is a 3-sphere, according to one estimate using the WMAP data at 95% confidence[52] It equivalently implies that there are at minimum 21 particle horizon-sized volumes in the universe.
1010115[note 3] 1010115 m 1010115 m According to the laws of probability, the distance one must travel until one encounters a volume of space identical to our observable universe with conditions identical to our own.[53]
101010122 101010122 m 101010122 m Maximum size of universe after cosmological inflation, implied by one resolution of the No-Boundary Proposal[54]

1 quectometer and less

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap. To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths shorter than 10−30 m (1 qm).

  • 1.6 × 10−5 quectometers (1.6 × 10−35 meters) – the Planck length (Measures of distance shorter than this do not make physical sense, according to current theories of physics.)
  • 1 qm – 1 quectometer, the smallest named subdivision of the meter in the SI base unit of length, one nonillionth of a meter.[55]

1 rontometer

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap.

  • 1 rm – 1 rontometer, a subdivision of the meter in the SI base unit of length, one octillionth of a meter.[55]

10 rontometers

1 yoctometer

Template:Anchor The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap.

1 zeptometer

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap. To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−21 m and 10−20 m (1 zm and 10 zm).

10 zeptometers

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−20 m and 10−19 m (10 zm and 100 zm).

100 zeptometers

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−19 m and 10−18 m (100 zm and 1 am).

1 attometer

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap. To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−18 m and 10−17 m (1 am and 10 am).

10 attometers

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−17 m and 10−16 m (10 am and 100 am).

100 attometers

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−16 m and 10−15 m (100 am and 1 fm).

  • 831 am – approximate proton radius[59][60]

1 femtometer (or 1 fermi)

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap. In particle physics, this unit is sometimes called a [[fermi (unit)|Template:Vanchor]], also with abbreviation "fm". To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−15 meters and 10−14 meters (1 femtometer and 10 fm).

10 femtometers

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−14 m and 10−13 m (10 fm and 100 fm).

100 femtometers

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−13 m and 10−12 m (100 fm and 1 pm).

  • 570 fm – typical distance from the atomic nucleus of the two innermost electrons (electrons in the 1s shell) in the uranium atom, the heaviest naturally-occurring atom

1 picometer

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: pm) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap (Template:Nowrap). To help compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 10−12 and 10−11 m (1 pm and 10 pm).

10 picometers

To help compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 10−11 and 10−10 m (10 pm and 100 pm).

100 picometers

To help compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 10−10 and 10−9 m (100 pm and 1 nm; 1 Å and 10 Å).

1 nanometer

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap (Template:Nowrap). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−9 and 10−8 m (1 nm and 10 nm).

10 nanometers

Comparison of sizes of semiconductor manufacturing process nodes with some microscopic objects and visible light wavelengths. At this scale, the width of a human hair is about 10 times that of the image.[70]

To help compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 10−8 and 10−7 m (10 nm and 100 nm).

100 nanometers

Comparison of sizes of semiconductor manufacturing process nodes with some microscopic objects and visible light wavelengths. At this scale, the width of a human hair is about 10 times that of the image.[78]

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−7 and 10−6 m (100 nm and 1 μm).

  • 100 nm – greatest particle size that can fit through a surgical mask[79]
  • 100 nm – 90% of particles in wood smoke are smaller than this.Template:Citation needed
  • 120 nm – greatest particle size that can fit through a ULPA filter[80]
  • 120 nm – diameter of a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)[81]
  • 120 nm – approximate diameter of SARS-CoV-2[82]
  • 125 nm – standard depth of pits on compact discs (width: 500 nm, length: 850 nm to 3.5 μm)
  • 180 nm – typical length of the rabies virus
  • 200 nm – typical size of a Mycoplasma bacterium, among the smallest bacteria
  • 300 nm – greatest particle size that can fit through a HEPA (high efficiency particulate air) filter (N100 removes up to 99.97% at 300 nm, N95 removes up to 95% at 300 nm)[83]
  • 300–400 nm – near ultraviolet wavelength
  • 400–420 nm – wavelength of violet light (see Color and Visible spectrum)
  • 420–440 nm – wavelength of indigo light
  • 440–500 nm – wavelength of blue light
  • 500–520 nm – wavelength of cyan light
  • 520–565 nm – wavelength of green light
  • 565–590 nm – wavelength of yellow light
  • 590–625 nm – wavelength of orange light
  • 625–700 nm – wavelength of red light
  • 700–1.4 μm – wavelength of near-infrared radiation

1 micrometer (or 1 micron)

The silk for a spider's web is Template:Cvt wide.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap (Template:Nowrap). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists some items with lengths between 10−6 and 10−5 m (between 1 and 10 micrometers, or μm).

10 micrometers

Fog particles are around Template:Cvt long.

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−5 m and 10−4 m (10 μm and 100 μm).

100 micrometers

A paramecium is around Template:Cvt long.

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−4 m and 10−3 m (100 μm and 1 mm). The term myriometer (abbr. mom, equivalent to 100 micrometers; frequently confused with the myriameter, 10 kilometers)[97] is deprecated; the decimal metric prefix myrio-[98] is obsolete[99][100][101] and was not included among the prefixes when the International System of Units was introduced in 1960.

1 millimeter

An average red ant is about Template:Cvt long.

Template:Redirect

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap (Template:Nowrap). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−3 m and 10−2 m (1 mm and 1 cm).

  • 1.0 mm – 1/1,000 of a meter
  • 1.0 mm – 0.03937 inches or 5/127 (exactly)
  • 1.0 mm – side of a square of area 1 mm²
  • 1.0 mm – diameter of a pinhead
  • 1.5 mm – average length of a flea[27]
  • 2.54 mm – distance between pins on old dual in-line package (DIP) electronic components
  • 5 mm – length of an average red ant
  • 5 mm – diameter of an average grain of rice
  • 5.56×45mm NATO – standard ammunition size
  • 6 mm – approximate width of a pencil
  • 7 mm – length of a Paedophryne amauensis, the smallest-known vertebrate[108]
  • 7.1 mm – length of a sunflower seed
  • 7.62×51mm NATO – common military ammunition size[109]
  • 8 mm – width of old-format home movie film
  • 8 mm – length of a Paedocypris progenetica, the smallest-known fish[110]

1 centimeter

An average human fingernail is Template:Cvt wide

Template:Redirect

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap (Template:Nowrap). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10−2 m and 10−1 m (1 cm and 1 dm).

  • 1 cm – 10 millimeters
  • 1 cm – 0.39 inches
  • 1 cm – edge of a square of area 1 cm2
  • 1 cm – edge of a cube of volume 1 mL
  • 1 cm – length of a coffee bean
  • 1 cm – approximate width of average fingernail
  • 1.2 cm – length of a bee
  • 1.2 cm – diameter of a die
  • 1.5 cm – length of a very large mosquito
  • 1.6 cm – length of a Jaragua Sphaero, a very small reptile
  • 1.7 cm – length of a Thorius arboreus, the smallest salamander[111]
  • 2 cm – approximate width of an adult human finger
  • 2.54 cm – 1 inch
  • 3.08568 cm – 1 attoparsec
  • 3.4 cm – length of a quail egg[112]
  • 3.5 cm – width of film commonly used in motion pictures and still photography
  • 3.78 cm – amount of distance the Moon moves away from Earth each year[113]
  • 4.3 cm – minimum diameter of a golf ball[114]
  • 5 cm – usual diameter of a chicken egg
  • 5 cm – height of a hummingbird, the smallest-known bird
  • 5.08 cm – 2 inches,
  • 5.5 × 5.5 × 5.5 cm – dimensions of a 3x3x3 Rubik's cube
  • 6.1 cm – average height of an apple
  • 7.3–7.5 cm – diameter of a baseball[28]
  • 8.6 cm × 5.4 cm – dimensions of a standard credit card (also called CR80)[115][116]
  • 9 cm – length of a speckled padloper, the smallest-known turtle

1 decimeter

Template:Redirect

An adult human foot is about Template:Cvt long.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Nowrap (Template:Nowrap). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 centimeters and 100 centimeters (10−1 meter and 1 meter).

Conversions

10 centimeters (abbreviated to 10 cm) is equal to:

Wavelengths

Human-defined scales and structures

  • 10.16 cm = 1.016 dm – 1 hand used in measuring height of horses (4 inches)
  • 12 cm = 1.2 dm – diameter of a compact disc (CD) (= 120 mm)
  • 15 cm = 1.5 dm – length of a Bic pen with cap on
  • 22 cm = 2.2 dm – diameter of a typical association football (soccer ball)
  • 30 cm = 3 dm – typical school-use ruler length (= 300 mm)
  • 30.48 cm = 3.048 dm – 1 foot (measure)
  • 60 cm = 6 dm – standard depth (front to back) of a domestic kitchen worktop in Europe (= 600 mm)
  • 90 cm = 9 dm – average length of a rapier, a fencing sword[30]
  • 91.44 cm = 9.144 dm – one yard (measure)

Nature

  • 10 cm = 1 dm – diameter of the human cervix upon entering the second stage of labour
  • 11 cm = 1.1 dm – length of an average potato in the US
  • 13 cm = 1.3 dm – body length of a Goliath birdeater
  • 15 cm = 1.5 dm – approximate size of largest beetle species
  • 19 cm = 1.9 dm – length of a banana
  • 26.3 cm = 2.6 dm – length of average male human foot
  • 29.98 cm = 2.998 dm – distance light in vacuum travels in one nanosecond
  • 30 cm = 3.0 dm – maximum leg length of a Goliath birdeater
  • 31 cm = 3.1 dm – wingspan of largest butterfly species Ornithoptera alexandrae
  • 32 cm – length of the Goliath frog, the world's largest frog
  • 46 cm = 4.6 dm – length of an average domestic cat
  • 50 to 65 cm = 5–6.5 dm – a coati's tail
  • 66 cm = 6.6 dm – length of the longest pine cones (produced by the sugar pine[117])

Astronomical

  • 84 cm = 8.4 dm – approximate diameter of 2008 TS26, a meteoroid

1 meter

Template:Redirect

Leonardo da Vinci drew the Vitruvian Man within a square of side Template:Cvt and a circle about Template:Cvt in radius.

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between one meter and ten meters. Light, in vacuum, travels 1 meter in Template:Frac, or 3.3356409519815E-9 of a second.

Conversions

1 meter is:

Human-defined scales and structures

  • 1 m – approximate height of the top part of a doorknob on a door
  • 1 m – diameter of a very large beach ball
  • 1.29 m – length of the Cross Island Chapel, the smallest church in the world
  • 1.4 m – length of a Peel P50, the world's smallest car
  • 1.435 m – standard gauge of railway track used by about 60% of railways in the world = 4 ft 8Template:Frac in
  • 2.5 m – distance from the floor to the ceiling in an average residential house[118]
  • 2.7 m – length of the Starr Bumble Bee II, the smallest plane
  • 2.77–3.44 m – wavelength of the broadcast radio FM band 87–108 MHz
  • 3.05 m – the length of an old Mini
  • 8 m – length of the Tsar Bomba, the largest bomb ever detonated
  • 8.38 m – the length of a London Bus (AEC Routemaster)

Sports

  • 2.44 m – height of an association football goal[119]
  • 2.45 m – highest high jump by a human (Javier Sotomayor)[120]
  • 3.05 m – (10 feet) height of the basket in basketball
  • 8.95 m – longest long jump by a human (Mike Powell)[121]

Nature

Astronomical

  • 3–6 m – approximate diameter of Template:Mpl, a meteoroid
  • 4.1 m – diameter of 2008 TC3, a small asteroid that flew into the Earth's atmosphere on 7 October 2008[124]

1 decameter

A blue whale has been measured as Template:Cvt long; this drawing compares its length to that of a human diver and a dolphin.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 10 meters (101 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 and 100 meters.

Conversions

10 meters (very rarely termed a decameter which is abbreviated as dam) is equal to:

Human-defined scales and structures

Sports

  • 11 meters – approximate width of a doubles tennis court
  • 15 meters – width of a standard FIBA basketball court
  • 15.24 meters – width of an NBA basketball court (50 feet)
  • 18.44 meters – distance between the front of the pitcher's rubber and the rear point of home plate on a baseball field (60 feet, 6 inches)[125]
  • 20 meters – length of cricket pitch (22 yards)[126]
  • 27.43 meters – distance between bases on a baseball field (90 feet)
  • 28 meters – length of a standard FIBA basketball court
  • 28.65 meters – length of an NBA basketball court (94 feet)
  • 49 meters – width of an American football field (53Template:Frac yards)
  • 59.436 meters – width of a Canadian football field (65 yards)
  • 70 meters – typical width of an association football field
  • 91 meters – length of an American football field (100 yards, measured between the goal lines)

Nature

  • 10 meters – average length of human digestive tractTemplate:Citation needed
  • 12 meters – height of a saguaro cactus
  • 12 meters – length of a whale shark, largest living fish
  • 12 meters – wingspan of a Quetzalcoatlus, a pterosaur
  • 12.8 meters – length of a Titanoboa, the largest snake to have ever lived
  • 13 meters – length of a giant squid and colossal squid, the largest living invertebrates
  • 15 meters – approximate distance the tropical circles of latitude are moving towards the equator and the polar circles are moving towards the poles each year due to a natural, gradual decrease in the Earth's axial tilt
  • 16 meters – length of a sperm whale, the largest toothed whale
  • 18 meters – height of a Sauroposeidon, the tallest-known dinosaur
  • 20 meters – length of a Leedsichthys, the largest-known fish to have lived
  • 21 meters – height of High Force waterfall in England
  • 30.5 meters – length of the lion's mane jellyfish, the largest jellyfish in the world
  • 33 meters – length of a blue whale,[127] the largest animal on earth, living or extinct, in terms of mass
  • 39 meters – length of a Supersaurus, the longest-known dinosaur and longest vertebrate[128]
  • 52 meters – height of Niagara Falls[33]
  • 55 meters – length of a bootlace worm, the longest-known animal[129]
  • 66 meters – highest possible sea level rise due to a complete melting of all ice on Earth
  • 83 meters – height of a western hemlock
  • 84 meters – height of General Sherman, the largest tree in the world

Astronomical

  • 30 meters – diameter of Template:Mpl, a rapidly spinning meteoroid
  • 30.8568 meters – 1 femtoparsec
  • 32 meters – approximate diameter of 2008 HJ, a small meteoroid

1 hectometer

The Great Pyramid of Giza is Template:Cvt high.
British driver location sign and location marker post on the M27 in Hampshire. The location marker posts are installed at 100-meter intervals.[130]

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 100 meters (102 m). To compare different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths between 100 meters and 1,000 meters (1 kilometer).

Conversions

100 meters (sometimes termed a hectometer) is equal to:

  • 328 feet
  • one side of a 1 hectare square
  • a fifth of a modern li, a Chinese unit of measurement
  • the approximate distance travelled by light in 300 nanoseconds

Human-defined scales and structures

  • 100 meters – wavelength of the highest medium wave radio frequency, 3 MHz
  • 100 meters – spacing of location marker posts on British motorways
  • 110 meters – height of the Saturn V
  • 122 meters – height of the Starship, the tallest rocket currently under development by SpaceX
  • 138.8 meters – height of the Great Pyramid of Giza (Pyramid of Cheops)
  • 139 meters – height of the world's tallest roller coaster, Kingda Ka[131]
  • 157 meters – height of the Cologne Cathedral
  • 162 meters – height of the Ulm Minster, the tallest church building in the world
  • 165 meters – height of the Dushanbe Flagpole, the tallest flagpole from May 2011 to September 2014
  • 169 meters – height of the Washington Monument
  • 171 meters – height of the Jeddah Flagpole, the tallest flagpole from September 2014 to December 2021
  • 182 meters – height of the Statue of Unity, the world's tallest statue
  • 187 meters – shortest wavelength of the broadcast radio AM band, 1600 kHz
  • 192 meters – height of the Gateway Arch
  • 202 meters – height of the Cairo Flagpole, the tallest flagpole as of December 2021
  • 202 meters – length of the Széchenyi Chain Bridge connecting Buda and Pest
  • 220 meters – height of the Hoover Dam
  • 245 meters – length of the LZ 129 Hindenburg
  • 270 meters – length of the Titanic
  • 318 meters – height of The New York Times Building
  • 318.9 meters – height of the Chrysler Building
  • 328 meters – height of Auckland's Sky Tower, the tallest free-standing structure in the Southern Hemisphere (1996–2022)
  • 330 meters – height of the Eiffel Tower (including antenna)[132]
  • 336 meters – height of the world's tallest bridge as of October 2023, the Millau Viaduct
  • 364.75 meters – length of the Icon of the Seas
  • 390 meters – height of the Empire State Building
  • 400–800 meters – approximate heights of the world's tallest skyscrapers from 1931 to 2010
  • 458 meters – length of the Knock Nevis, the world's largest supertanker
  • 553.33 meters – height of the CN Tower,[133] the tallest structure in North America
  • 555 meters – longest wavelength of the broadcast radio AM band, 540 kHz
  • 630 meters – height of the KVLY-TV mast, one of the tallest structures in the world
  • 646 meters – height of the Warsaw radio mast, the world's tallest structure until its collapse in 1991
  • 679 meters – height of Merdeka 118, the second tallest structure in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  • 828 meters – height of Burj Khalifa, world's tallest structure since 17 January 2009[134]
  • 1,000 meters – wavelength of the lowest mediumwave radio frequency, 300 kHz

Sports

  • 100 meters – the distance a very fast human can run in about 10 seconds
  • 100.584 meters – length of a Canadian football field between the goal lines (110 yards)
  • 91.5 meters – 137 meters – length of a soccer field[119]
  • 105 meters – length of football pitch (UEFA stadium categories 3 and 4)
  • 105 meters – length of a typical football field
  • 109.73 meters – total length of an American football field (120 yards, including the end zones)
  • 110–150 meters – the width of an Australian football field
  • 135–185 meters – the length of an Australian football field
  • 137.16 meters – total length of a Canadian football field, including the end zones (150 yards)

Nature

  • 115.5 meters – height of the world's tallest tree in 2007, the Hyperion sequoia[135]
  • 310 meters – maximum depth of Lake Geneva
  • 340 meters – distance sound travels in air at sea level in one second; see Speed of sound
  • 947 meters – height of the Tugela Falls, the highest waterfall in Africa
  • 979 meters – height of the Angel Falls, the world's highest free-falling waterfall (Venezuela)

Astronomical

1 kilometer

Mount Fuji is Template:Convert high.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Gaps meters (103 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 1 kilometer and 10 kilometers (103 and 104 meters).

Conversions

1 kilometer (unit symbol km) is equal to:

Human-defined scales and structures

Nature

  • 1.5 km – distance sound travels in water in one second

Geographical

Template:More citations needed section Template:See also

Astronomical

Template:Anchor10 kilometers (1 myriameter)

The Strait of Gibraltar is Template:Cvt wide.

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 10 and 100 kilometers (104 to 105 meters). The myriameter[147] (sometimes also spelled myriometer; 10,000 meters) is a deprecated unit name; the decimal metric prefix myria-[98] (sometimes also written as myrio-[148][149][150]) is obsolete[99][100][101] and was not included among the prefixes when the International System of Units was introduced in 1960.

Conversions

10 kilometers is equal to:

Distance marker on the Rhine: 36 (XXXVI) myriameters from Basel. The stated distance is Template:Cvt; the comma is the decimal separator in Germany.

Sports

Human-defined scales and structures

Geographical

Astronomical

100 kilometers

The Suez Canal is Template:Cvt long.

A length of 100 kilometers (about 62 miles), as a rough amount, is relatively common in measurements on Earth and for some astronomical objects. It is the altitude at which the FAI defines spaceflight to begin.

To help compare orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths between 100 and 1,000 kilometers (105 and 106 meters).

Conversions

A distance of 100 kilometers is equal to about 62 miles (or Template:Convert).

Human-defined scales and structures

Geographical

Astronomical

1 megameter

Small planets, the Moon and dwarf planets in the Solar System have diameters from one to ten million meters. Top row: Mars (left), Mercury (right); bottom row: Moon (left), Pluto (center), and Haumea (right), to scale.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Gaps meters (106 m). To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths starting at 106 m (1 Mm or 1,000 km).

Conversions

1 megameter is equal to:

  • 1000 km
  • 1 E+6 m (one million meters)
  • approximately 621.37 miles
  • 1 E+12 μm (one trillion micrometers)
  • Side of square with area 1,000,000 km2

Human-defined scales and structures

Sports

Geographical

Astronomical

10 megameters

Planets from Venus up to Uranus have diameters from ten to one hundred million meters. Top row: Uranus (left), Neptune (right); middle row: Earth (left), Sirius B (center), and Venus (right), to scale.

Template:More citations needed section To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths starting at 107 meters (10 megameters or 10,000 kilometers).

Conversions

10 megameters (10 Mm) is

Human-defined scales and structures

Geographical

Astronomical

  • 12.000 Mm – diameter of Sirius B, a white dwarf[166]
  • 12.104 Mm – diameter of Venus
  • 12.742 Mm – diameter of Earth
  • 12.900 Mm – minimum distance of the meteoroid Template:Mpl from the centre of Earth on 31 March 2004, closest on record
  • 14.000 Mm – smallest diameter of Jupiter's Great Red Spot
  • 19.000 Mm – separation between Pluto and Charon
  • 30.8568 Mm – 1 nanoparsec
  • 34.770 Mm – minimum distance of the asteroid 99942 Apophis on 13 April 2029 from the centre of Earth
  • 35.786 Mm – altitude of geostationary orbit
  • 40.005 Mm – polar circumference of the Earth
  • 40.077 Mm – equatorial circumference of the Earth
  • 49.528 Mm – diameter of Neptune
  • 51.118 Mm – diameter of Uranus

100 megameters

The Earth-Moon orbit, Saturn, OGLE-TR-122b, Jupiter, and other objects, to scale. Click on image for detailed view and links to other length scales.
Scale model at megameters of the main Solar System bodies

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists lengths starting at 108 meters (100 megameters or 100,000 kilometers or 62,150 miles).

1 gigameter

13 things in the gigameter group
Upper part: Gamma Orionis, Algol B, the Sun (centre), and other objects to scale.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Gaps meters (109 m). To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 109 meters (1 gigameter (Gm) or 1 billion meters).

10 gigameters

Rigel and Aldebaran (top left and right) compared to smaller stars, the Sun (very small dot in lower middle, with orbit of Mercury as yellow ellipse) and transparent sphere with radius of one light-minute

To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1010 meters (10 gigameters (Gm) or 10 million kilometers, or 0.07 astronomical units).

100 gigameters

From largest to smallest: Jupiter's orbit, red supergiant star Betelgeuse, Mars' orbit, Earth's orbit, star R Doradus, and orbits of Venus, Mercury. Inside R Doradus's depiction are the blue supergiant star Rigel and red giant star Aldebaran. The faint yellow glow around the Sun represents one light-minute. Click image to see more details and links to their scales.

To help compare distances at different orders of magnitude this section lists lengths starting at 1011 meters (100 gigameter or 100 million kilometers or 0.7 astronomical units).

1 terameter

Eight things in the terameter group
Comparison of size of the Kuiper belt (large faint torus) with the star VY Canis Majoris (within Saturn's orbit), Betelgeuse (inside Jupiter's orbit) and R Doradus (small central red sphere) together with the orbits of Neptune and Uranus, to scale. The yellow ellipses represent the orbits of each planet and the dwarf planet Pluto.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to Template:Gaps meters (1012 m). To help compare different distances, this section lists lengths starting at 1012 m (1 Tm or 1 billion km or 6.7 astronomical units).

  • ≈1 Tm – 6.7 au – diameter of the red supergiant Betelgeuse based on multiple angular diameter estimates[185]
  • 1.032 Tm – 6.9 au – diameter of the blue hypergiant Eta Carinae (at optical depth 2/3)[186]
  • 1.079 Tm – 7.2 au – one light-hour
  • 1.114 Tm – 7.5 au – diameter of WOH G64, a star in the Large Magellanic Cloud, which recently transformed from a red hypergiant to a yellow hypergiant[187]
  • 1.4 Tm – 9.5 au – average distance between Saturn and the Sun
  • 1.47 Tm – 9.9 au – diameter of HR 5171 A, a yellow hypergiant star.[188]
  • 1.5 Tm – 10 au – estimated diameter of VV Cephei A, a red hypergiant with a blue dwarf companion.[189]
  • 1.75 Tm – 11.7 au – estimated diameter of Mu Cephei, a red supergiant (possibly hypergiant) among the largest-known stars.[190]
  • 2 Tm – 13.2 au – estimated diameter of VY Canis Majoris, a red hypergiant that is among the largest-known stars[191][192]
  • 2.142 Tm – 14.3 au – estimated diameter of WOH G64, prior to its transformation into a yellow hypergiant.
  • 2.9 Tm – 19.4 au – average distance between Uranus and the Sun
  • 4.4 Tm – 29.4 au – perihelion distance of Pluto
  • 4.5 Tm – 30.1 au – average distance between Neptune and the Sun
  • 4.5 Tm – 30.1 au – inner radius of the Kuiper belt
  • 5.7 Tm – 38.1 au – perihelion distance of Eris
  • 6.0 Tm – 40.5 au – distance from Earth at which the Pale Blue Dot photograph was taken.
  • 7.3 Tm – 48.8 au – aphelion distance of Pluto
  • 7.5 Tm – 50.1 au – outer boundary of the Kuiper Belt

10 terameters

Sedna's orbit (left) is longer than 100 Tm, but other lengths are between 10 and 100 Tm: Comet Hale-Bopp's orbit (lower, faint orange); one light-day (yellow spherical shell with yellow Vernal point arrow as radius); the heliosphere's termination shock (blue shell); and other arrows show positions of Voyager 1 (red) and Pioneer 10 (green). Click on image for larger view and links to other scales.

To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1013 m (10 Tm or 10 billion km or 67 astronomical units).

  • 10 Tm – 67 AU – diameter of a hypothetical quasi-star
  • 11.1 Tm – 74.2 AU – distance that Voyager 1 began detecting returning particles from termination shock
  • 11.4 Tm – 76.2 AU – perihelion distance of 90377 Sedna
  • 12.1 Tm – 70 to 90 AU – distance to termination shock (Voyager 1 crossed at 94 AU)
  • 12.9 Tm – 86.3 AU – distance to 90377 Sedna in March 2014
  • 13.2 Tm – 88.6 AU – distance to Pioneer 11 in March 2014
  • 14.1 Tm – 94.3 AU – estimated radius of the Solar System
  • 14.4 Tm – 96.4 AU – distance to Eris in March 2014 (now near its aphelion)
  • 15.1 Tm – 101 AU – distance to heliosheath
  • 16.5 Tm – 111 AU – distance to Pioneer 10 as of March 2014
  • 16.6 Tm – 111.2 AU – distance to Voyager 2 as of May 2016
  • 18 Tm – 123.5 AU – distance between the Sun to the farthest dwarf planet in the Solar System, the Farout 2018 VG18
  • 20.0 Tm – 135 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of May 2016
  • 20.6 Tm – 138 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of late February 2017
  • 21.1 Tm – 141 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of November 2017
  • 24.8 Tm – 166 AU – distance to Voyager 1 as of November 2024
  • 25.9 Tm – 173 AU – one light-day
  • 30.8568 Tm – 206.3 AU – 1 milliparsec
  • 55.7 Tm – 371 AU – aphelion distance of the comet Hale-Bopp

100 terameters

The largest yellow sphere indicates one light month distance from the Sun. Click the image for larger view, more details and links to other scales.

Template:Incomplete list To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1014 m (100 Tm or 100 billion km or 670 astronomical units).

1 petameter

Largest circle with yellow arrow indicates one light-year from Sun; Cat's Eye Nebula on left and Barnard 68 in middle are depicted in front of Comet 1910 A1's orbit. Click image for larger view, details and links to other scales.

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1015 meters. To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1015 m (1 Pm or 1 trillion km or 6685 astronomical units (AU) or 0.11 light-years).

10 petameters

Objects with size order of magnitude 1e16m: Ten light-years (94.6 Pm) radius circle with yellow Vernal Point arrow; Bubble Nebula (NGC 7635), left; Dumbbell Nebula (NGC 6853), right; one light-year shell lower right with the smaller Cat's Eye Nebula (NGC_6543) and Barnard 68 adjacent.
1e16m lengths: Ten light-years (94.6 Pm) yellow shell; Sirius below right; BL Ceti below left; Proxima and Alpha Centauri upper right; light-year shell with Comet 1910 A1's orbit inside top right

To help compare different distances this section lists lengths starting at 1016 m (10 Pm or 66,800 AU, 1.06 light-years).

100 petameters

Lengths with order of magnitude 1e17m: yellow Vernal Point arrow traces hundred light-year radius circle with smaller ten light-year circle at right; globular cluster Messier 5 in background; 12 light-year radius Orion Nebula middle right; 50-light-year-wide view of the Carina Nebula bottom left; Pleiades cluster and Bubble nebula with similar diameters each around 10 light-years bottom right; grey arrows show distances from Sun to stars Aldebaran (65 light-years) and Vega (25 light-years)

To help compare different distances this section lists lengths between 1017 m (100 Pm or 11 light-years) and 1018 m (106 light-years).

  • 110 Pm – 12 light-years – Distance to Tau Ceti
  • 230 Pm – 24 light-years – Diameter of the Orion Nebula[197][198]
  • 240 Pm – 25 light-years – Distance to Vega
  • 260 Pm – 27 light-years – Distance to Chara, a star approximately as bright as the Sun. Its faintness gives an idea how the Sun would appear when viewed from this distance.
  • 308.568 Tm – 32.6 light-years – 1 dekaparsec
  • 350 Pm – 37 light-years – distance to Arcturus
  • 373.1 Pm – 39.44 light-years – distance to TRAPPIST-1, a star recently discovered to have 7 planets around it
  • 400 Pm – 42 light-years – distance to Capella
  • 620 Pm – 65 light-years – distance to Aldebaran
  • 750 Pm – 79.36 light-years – distance to Regulus
  • 900 Pm – 92.73 light-years – distance to Algol
  • 946 Pm – 1 light-century

1 exameter

Lengths with order of magnitude 1e18m: thousand light-year radius circle with yellow arrow and 100 light-year circle at right with globular cluster Messier 5 within and Carina Nebula in front; globular cluster Omega Centauri to left of both; part of the 1,400-light-year-wide Tarantula Nebula fills the background

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1018 meters. To help compare different distances this section lists lengths between 1018 m (1 Em or 105.7 light-years) and 1019 m (10 Em or 1,057 light-years).

10 exameters

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 10 Em (1019 m or 1,100 light-years).

100 exameters

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 100 Em (1020 m or 11,000 light-years).

1 zettameter

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1021 meters.[55] To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 1 Zm (1021 m or 110,000 light-years).

10 zettameters

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 10 Zm (1022 m or 1.1 million light-years).

100 zettameters

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 100 Zm (1023 m or 11 million light-years).

1 yottameter

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1024 meters.[55]

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 1 Ym (1024 m or 105.702 million light-years).

10 yottameters

The universe within one billion light-years of Earth

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 10 Ym (1025 m or 1.1 billion light-years). At this scale, expansion of the universe becomes significant. Distance of these objects are derived from their measured redshifts, which depends on the cosmological models used.

100 yottameters

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 100 Ym (1026 m or 11 billion light-years). At this scale, expansion of the universe becomes significant. Distance of these objects are derived from their measured redshifts, which depend on the cosmological models used.

1 ronnameter

The Template:Vanchor (SI symbol: Template:Vanchor) is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1027 meters.[55]

To help compare different orders of magnitude, this section lists distances starting at 1 Rm (1027 m or 105.7 billion light-years). At this scale, expansion of the universe becomes significant. Distance of these objects are derived from their measured redshifts, which depend on the cosmological models used.

  • >1 Rm – >105.7 billion light-years – size of universe beyond the cosmic light horizon, depending on its curvature; if the curvature is zero (i.e. the universe is spatially flat), the value can be infinite (see Shape of the universe) as previously mentioned.
  • 2.764 Rm - 292.2 billion light-years – circumference of the observable universe, as it is in the shape of a sphere.
  • ≈101010122light-years – the possible size of the universe after cosmological inflation.
  • ≈∞ light-years – theoretical size of the multiverse if it exists.

See also

Notes

Template:Reflist

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Metric units of length Template:Orders of magnitude Template:Units of length used in Astronomy Template:Portal bar


Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "note", but no corresponding <references group="note"/> tag was found

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Template:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Template:Cite web (6.3 × 10−44 cm2, which gives an effective radius of about 1.42 × 10−22 m)
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Template:Cite web (area for 20 GeV about 10 × 10−42 m2 gives effective radius of about 2 × 10−21 m; for 250 GeV about 150 × 10−42 m2 gives effective radius of about 7 × 10−21 m)
  4. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  5. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Template:Cite web
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 Template:Cite web
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Template:Cite web (diameter of the scattering cross section of an 11 MeV proton with a target proton)
  9. ↑ Template:Cite web
  10. ↑ Template:Cite web
  11. ↑ Template:Cite web
  12. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  13. ↑ Template:Cite web
  14. ↑ Template:Cite web
  15. ↑ Template:Cite book
  16. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  17. ↑ Template:Cite web
  18. ↑ Template:Cite web
  19. ↑ Cohn, J. University of California, Berkeley Lyman alpha systems and cosmology. Retrieved 21 February 2009.
  20. ↑ Template:Cite book
  21. ↑ Template:Cite web
  22. ↑ Template:Cite web
  23. ↑ Template:Cite web
  24. ↑ Template:Cite web
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 25.2 25.3 According to The Physics Factbook, the diameter of human hair ranges from 17 to 181 μmTemplate:Cite web
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Template:Cite journal
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 Order Siphonaptera – Fleas – BugGuide.Net Accessed 29 April 2014
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 Template:Cite web
  29. ↑ Template:Cite web
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 Template:Cite web
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Template:Cite web
  32. ↑ Template:Cite web
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Template:Cite web
  34. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Template:Cite web
  35. ↑ Template:Cite web
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Template:Cite journal
  37. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  38. ↑ Template:Cite web
  39. ↑ Template:Cite web
  40. ↑ Template:Cite web
  41. ↑ Template:Cite web
  42. ↑ Template:Cite magazine
  43. ↑ Template:Cite web
  44. ↑ Template:Cite book
  45. ↑ Template:Cite web
  46. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  47. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  48. ↑ Template:Cite press release
  49. ↑ Template:Cite news
  50. ↑ Template:Cite web
  51. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  52. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  53. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  54. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 55.3 55.4 Template:Cite web
  56. ↑ Template:Cite web (Template:Val, which gives an effective radius of about Template:Val)
  57. ↑ Template:Cite web
  58. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  59. ↑ Template:Cite web
  60. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  61. ↑ Template:Cite web
  62. ↑ NIST. CODATA Value: classical electron radius. Retrieved 2009-02-10
  63. ↑ ISO 1683:2015
  64. ↑ Template:Cite web
  65. ↑ Template:Cite web
  66. ↑ Template:Cite web
  67. ↑ Template:Cite web
  68. ↑ Template:Cite web
  69. ↑ Template:Cite web
  70. ↑ Template:Cite book
  71. ↑ Introduction to the Electromagnetic Spectrum and Spectroscopy
  72. ↑ Annis, Patty J. October 1991. Kansas State University. Fine Particle POLLUTION. Figure 1. (tobacco smoke: 10 to Template:Val; virus particles: 3 to 50 nm; bacteria: 30 to Template:Val; cooking oil smoke: 30 to Template:Val; wood smoke: 7 to Template:Val)
  73. ↑ Template:Cite book
  74. ↑ Template:Cite web
  75. ↑ Template:Cite book
  76. ↑ Template:Cite web
  77. ↑ Template:Cite web
  78. ↑ Template:Cite book
  79. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  80. ↑ Template:Cite web
  81. ↑ Template:Cite book
  82. ↑ Template:Cite web
  83. ↑ Template:Cite web
  84. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  85. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  86. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  87. ↑ Template:Cite web
  88. ↑ Template:Cite web
  89. ↑ Template:Cite web
  90. ↑ Template:Cite book
  91. ↑ Template:Cite report
  92. ↑ 92.0 92.1 Template:Cite web
  93. ↑ Template:Cite web
  94. ↑ Template:Cite book
  95. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  96. ↑ Template:Cite web
  97. ↑ Template:Cite book
  98. ↑ 98.0 98.1 Template:Cite web
  99. ↑ 99.0 99.1 Template:Citation
  100. ↑ 100.0 100.1 Template:Cite book
  101. ↑ 101.0 101.1 Template:Cite book
  102. ↑ Template:Cite web
  103. ↑ Template:Cite web
  104. ↑ Template:Cite web
  105. ↑ Template:Cite web
  106. ↑ Template:Cite web
  107. ↑ Template:Cite news
  108. ↑ Template:Cite news
  109. ↑ NATO Infantry Weapons Standardization, Per G. Arvidsson, ChairmanWeapons & Sensors Working GroupLand Capability Group 1 – Dismounted Soldier NATO Army Armaments Group Template:Webarchive Accessed 29 April 2014
  110. ↑ Template:Cite news
  111. ↑ Template:Cite news
  112. ↑ Template:Cite news
  113. ↑ Template:Cite news
  114. ↑ Template:Cite web
  115. ↑ Template:Cite web
  116. ↑ Template:Cite web
  117. ↑ Template:Cite web
  118. ↑ Template:Cite web
  119. ↑ 119.0 119.1 Template:Citation
  120. ↑ Template:Citation
  121. ↑ Template:Citation
  122. ↑ Template:Citation
  123. ↑ Template:Cite news
  124. ↑ Template:Cite web
  125. ↑ Template:Cite web See especially Diagram No. 1, page 3.
  126. ↑ Template:Cite web
  127. ↑ Template:Cite web
  128. ↑ Template:Cite web
  129. ↑ Template:Cite web
  130. ↑ Template:Cite web
  131. ↑ Template:Cite web
  132. ↑ Template:Cite news
  133. ↑ Template:Cite news
  134. ↑ Template:Cite news
  135. ↑ Template:Cite web
  136. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  137. ↑ Template:Cite web
  138. ↑ Template:Cite web
  139. ↑ Template:Cite Merriam-Webster
  140. ↑ Template:Citation
  141. ↑ Template:Citation
  142. ↑ Template:Citation
  143. ↑ Template:Cite web
  144. ↑ Template:Cite news
  145. ↑ Template:Cite web
  146. ↑ Template:Cite web
  147. ↑ Template:Cite web (Website based on Alte Meß- und Währungssysteme aus dem deutschen Sprachgebiet, Template:ISBN)
  148. ↑ Template:Cite book
  149. ↑ Template:Cite book
  150. ↑ Template:Cite book
  151. ↑ Haugen, Einar, Norwegian English Dictionary, 1965, Oslo: Universitetsforlaget and Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, s.v. mil
  152. ↑ Template:Cite web
  153. ↑ Template:Cite web
  154. ↑ Template:Cite web
  155. ↑ Template:Cite web
  156. ↑ Template:Cite web
  157. ↑ Highest and lowest points on Mars Template:Webarchive NASA
  158. ↑ Template:Cite web
  159. ↑ Template:Cite web
  160. ↑ Template:Cite web
  161. ↑ Template:Cite web
  162. ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
  163. ↑ Template:Cite web
  164. ↑ CIS railway timetable, route No. 002, Moscow-Vladivostok. Archived 3 December 2009.
  165. ↑ CIS railway timetable, route No. 350, Kyiv-Vladivostok. Archived 3 December 2009.
  166. ↑ Template:Cite news
  167. ↑ Template:Cite web
  168. ↑ Template:Cite web
  169. ↑ Sun Fact Sheet
  170. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  171. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  172. ↑ Neuroscience: The Science of the BrainTemplate:Cite web p.44
  173. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  174. ↑ Template:Citation
  175. ↑ 175.0 175.1 Template:Cite journal
  176. ↑ 176.0 176.1 Template:Cite journal
  177. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  178. ↑ Template:Cite journal They derived an angular diameter of 20.58±0.03 milliarcsec, which given a distance of 65 light-years yields a diameter of 61 million km.
  179. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  180. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  181. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  182. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  183. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  184. ↑ Template:Cite arXiv
  185. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  186. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  187. ↑ Template:Citation
  188. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  189. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  190. ↑ Table 4 in Template:Cite journal
  191. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  192. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  193. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  194. ↑ radius = distance times sin(angular diameter/2) = 0.2 light-year. Distance = 3.3 ± 0.9 kly; angular diameter = 20 arcseconds Template:Harv
  195. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  196. ↑ Template:Cite web
  197. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  198. ↑ diameter=sin(65 arcminutes)*1270 light-years=24; where "65.00 × 60.0 (arcmin)" sourced from Revised NGC Data for NGC 1976Template:Cbignore
  199. ↑ distance × sin( diameter_angle ), using distance of 5kpc (15.8 ± 1.1 kly) and angle 36.3', = 172 ± 12.5 ly.
  200. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  201. ↑ 201.0 201.1 Template:Cite journal Vizier catalog entry
  202. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  203. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  204. ↑ Template:Cite journal
Retrieved from "https://en.wiki.beta.math.wmflabs.org/w/index.php?title=Orders_of_magnitude_(length)&oldid=3382"