Zechariah 2
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Zechariah 2 is the second of the 14 chapters in the Book of Zechariah in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn[1] This book contains the prophecies attributed to the prophet Zechariah. In the Hebrew Bible it forms part of the Book of the Twelve Minor Prophets.Template:Sfn This chapter is a part of a section (so-called "First Zechariah") consisting of Zechariah 1–8.Template:Sfn It records the third of eight visions received by the prophet (verses 1–5), followed by an oracle calling the exiles to return to the city where Yahweh is about to dwell and all nations will come (verses 6–13).Template:Sfn
Text
The original text was written in the Hebrew language. This chapter is divided into 13 verses in English Bibles. The Hebrew Bible uses different "verse numbering" (see below).
Verse numbering
There are some differences in verse numbering of this chapter in English Bibles and Hebrew texts:[1][2]
| English | Hebrew |
|---|---|
| 1:18-21 | 2:1-4 |
| 2:1-13 | 2:5-17 |
This article generally follows the common numbering in Christian English Bible versions, with notes to the numbering in Hebrew Bible versions.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Codex Cairensis (from year 895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Template:SfnTemplate:SfnTemplate:Efn
Fragments containing parts of this chapter were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, that is, 4Q80 (4QXIIe; 75–50 BCE) with extant verses 6–10 (verses 10–14 in Masoretic verse numbering).Template:Sfn[3]Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: S; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).Template:Sfn Some fragments containing parts of this chapter (a revision of the Septuagint) were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls, i.e., Naḥal Ḥever 8Ḥev1 (8ḤevXIIgr); late 1st century BCE) with extant verses 3-5, 7-8, 12-13 (verses 7–9, 11–12, 16–17 in Masoretic verse numbering).[3]Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn
Template:AnchorVision of the measuring line (2:1–5; Hebrew 2:5–9)
This section records the third of Zechariah's eight visions, in which he saw a man with a measuring line travelling to Jerusalem to measure the city's length and width.[4] The vision points to the unlimited size of the restored city (cf. Template:Bibleverse), assuring the people that God's glory will be in there (cf. Template:Bibleverse; Template:Bibleverse). Jerusalem will become "a city without walls".[5] Katrina Larkin notes that "the formerly negative image of a city without walls becomes a positive one".Template:Sfn God will protect the people as in the past (Template:Bibleverse).Template:Sfn
Future joy of Zion and many nations (2:6–13; Hebrew 2:10–17)
The oracle in this section, added onto the third vision,Template:Sfn urges the exiles who are still in Babylon to return to Zion, for God will dwell in that city Jerusalem, and other nations will come.Template:Sfn
Verse 6
- Up! Up! Flee from the land of the north, declares the Lord. For I have spread you abroad as the four winds of the heavens, declares the Lord.[6]
The "land of the north" refers to Babylon,[7] and, more broadly, to the whole Babylonian empire.[8] The King James Version's distinctive wording reads "Ho, ho, come forth, and flee from the land of the north."[9]
Verse 10
- Sing and rejoice, O daughter of Zion:
- for, lo, I come, and I will dwell in the midst of thee,
- saith the Lord.[10]
- "Lo, I come": Septuagint: Template:Lang; in the Gospel of Matthew, Jesus Christ is called Template:Lang, "he who comes" (Template:Bibleverse).[11]
- "Dwell in the midst of thee" is alluded to in the Gospel of John: "The Word was made Flesh and dwelt among us" (John 1:14) and in the Book of Revelation: "Behold the tabernacle of God is with men, and He will dwell with them, and they shall be His people, and God Himself shall be with them and shall be their God" (Revelation 21:3).[12] Thus, it refers primarily at Messiah's first advent (Template:Bibleverse; John 1:14; Template:Bibleverse; Template:Bibleverse);[13] yet more fully at the second advent (Template:Bibleverse; cf. Zechariah 9:9, Template:Bibleverse; Template:Bibleverse; Template:Bibleverse).[13] God dwells spiritually in his people (Template:Bibleverse),[13] alluding to the constant presence of Jesus Christ in his churches.[14]
Verse 11
- And many nations shall be joined to the Lord in that day,
- and shall be my people:
- and I will dwell in the midst of thee,
- and thou shalt know that the Lord of hosts hath sent me unto thee.[15]
- "Many nations shall be joined to the Lord": ("shall be joined" = "shall join themselves"); "shall fly for refuge unto the Lord" (Septuagint);[11] "cleaving to Him by a close union".[12] Isaiah speaks about 'single proselytes' in Template:Bibleverse, whereas Jeremiah uses 'the word of Israel's self-exhortation' when they return from Babylon, that "going and weeping," they shall go and seek the Lord their God, saying, "Come and let us join ourselves unto the Lord, in a perpetual covenant that shall not be forgotten" (Template:Bibleverse).[12]
- "My people": or "unto me for a people"; Septuagint: "shall be unto him for a people" (cf. Template:Bibleverse). Many nations who will become "the Lord's people" share that title with people of Israel (cf. Template:Bibleverse; Template:Bibleverse; Template:Bibleverse; Template:Bibleverse),[11]
- "Sent me unto thee": an addition of "unto thee" to the same formula (Template:Bibleverse). Here YHWH first says, "I will dwell", then says that YHWH "sent", thus, 'YHWH the Sender and YHWH the Sent must be One'.[13]
See also
- Darius I
- Judah
- Jerusalem
- Related Bible parts: Isaiah 2, Isaiah 11, Micah 4, Zephaniah 2, Haggai 1, Haggai 2, Zechariah 1, Zechariah 3, Zechariah 4, Zechariah 5, Zechariah 6, John 1, Revelation 21
Notes
References
Sources
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External links
Jewish
Christian
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Zechariah, Book of. Jewish Encyclopedia
- ↑ Interlinear Hebrew-English Old Testament - Zechariah 2.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Dead sea scrolls – Zechariah
- ↑ Template:Bibleverse
- ↑ Template:Bibleverse: New International Version
- ↑ Template:Bibleverse: ESV
- ↑ Template:Bibleverse: New Living Translation
- ↑ Perowne, T. T. (1890), Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges on Zechariah 2, accessed on 3 January 2025
- ↑ Template:Bibleverse: KJV
- ↑ Template:Bibleverse KJV or Template:Bibleverse Hebrew Bible
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (editors). The Pulpit Commentary. "Zechariah 2". First publication: 1890.
- ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Barnes, Albert. Notes on the Old Testament. "Zechariah 2". London, Blackie & Son, 1884. Reprint, Grand Rapids: Baker Books, 1998.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 Jamieson, Robert; Fausset, Andrew Robert; Brown, David. Jamieson, Fausset, and Brown's Commentary On the Whole Bible. "Zechariah 2". 1871.
- ↑ Gill, John. Exposition of the Entire Bible. Exposition of the Old and New Testament. "Zechariah 2". Published in 1746-1763.
- ↑ Template:Bibleverse KJV or Template:Bibleverse Hebrew Bible