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...on based [[associative array|dictionary]]. It supports insertion, deletion and access operation to maintain a dynamic set of <math>n</math> elements. Inserting and deleting in the working set structure takes <math>O(\log n)</math> time whi ...

...a vector of elements <math>a_i</math> in <math>\{0,1,\dots,N-1\}=S</math> and an integer <math>z</math>.<ref name="FCSR1">{{cite journal |title=Feedback Shift Registers, 2-Adic Span, and Combiners With Memory ...

...cial for the advancement of quantum algorithms in chemistry, optimization, and machine learning. ...are is non-trivial due to the probabilistic nature of quantum measurements and the inability to directly access the quantum state. ...

}}</ref> and the [[WebAssembly]] binary encoding for all integer literals.<ref name=wasm ...rbitrarily long numbers. There are two versions of LEB128: unsigned LEB128 and signed LEB128. The decoder must know whether the encoded value is unsigned ...

...>B. R. Frieden, “Image enhancement and restoration,” in Picture Processing and Digital Filtering, T. S. Huang, Ed. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1975, ch. 5, ...n_2,....,n_m)</math> represents the m-dimensional undistorted input signal and <math>D[\cdot]</math> represents the distortion operator acting upon the in ...

...doi-access=free}}</ref> The algorithm was published by Jin Y. Yen in 1971 and employs any [[shortest path algorithm]] to find the best path, then proceed ===Terminology and notation=== ...

...asks in [[computational linguistics]] and [[natural language processing]], and has been a subject of research since the mid-20th century with the advent o ...Dependencies]]) has proceeded alongside the development of new algorithms and methods for parsing. ...

...| doi = 10.1109/sfcs.1998.743449 | chapter = Geometric separator theorems and applications | title = Proceedings 39th Annual Symposium on Foundations of * The general MIS problem is hard to approximate and doesn't even have a constant-factor approximation. In some geometric inters ...

| rounds = 32, 36, 42, 44, 52, 54, 68, 69 or 72 (depending on block and key size) ...ate=27 March 2014 |title=Differential Cryptanalysis of Round-Reduced Simon and Speck |conference=[[Fast Software Encryption|FSE]] 2014|location=Bauhaus-Un ...

Given a set of axis-aligned rectangles and a strip of bounded width and infinite height, determine an overlapping-free packing of the rectangles in ...eike |last3=Schumann |first3=Holger |title=An improved typology of cutting and packing problems |journal=European Journal of Operational Research |date=16 ...

..., a class of neural network most commonly applied to images, video, audio, and other data that have the property of uniform [[translational symmetry]].<re ...ut data and computing the [[dot product]] between the values in the kernel and the input at each position. This process creates a feature map that represe ...

...|first3=Christopher J|title=Magnetic resonance angiography: current status and future directions|journal=Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance|volu ...e=2014 |title=4D flow imaging with MRI |journal=[[Cardiovascular Diagnosis and Therapy]] |volume=4 |issue=2 |pages=173–192 |doi=10.3978/j.issn.2223-3652.2 ...

...bit|ancilla]] resources, [[quantum teleportation|quantum teleportations]] and [[quantum error correction|error corrections]]. ...near sign shift between two [[Qubit|qubits]] that uses two ancilla photons and post-selection.<ref>{{Cite journal ...

...ss|combinatorial structures]]. If the object size is viewed as its energy, and the argument of the corresponding generating function is interpreted in ter ...Generation of Combinatorial Structures|journal=Combinatorics, Probability and Computing|language=en|volume=13|issue=4–5|pages=577–625|doi=10.1017/S096354 ...

...lution''' refers to the mathematical operation between two functions ''f'' and ''g'' on an ''n''-dimensional lattice that produces a third function, also ===Problem statement and basics=== ...

...gned for reading small grayscale images of handwritten digits and letters, and were used in [[ATM]] for reading [[Cheque|cheques]]. ...cessing. LeNet-5 was one of the earliest [[convolutional neural network]]s and was historically important during the development of [[deep learning]].<ref ...

...70726073548/http://resources.renishaw.com/en/download/white-paper-homodyne-and-heterodyne-interferometry--5653 |archive-date=26 July 2017 |url-status=dead ..., which has a response that is [[Linearity#Physics|linear]] in [[energy]], and hence [[quadratic function|quadratic]] in [[amplitude]] of [[electromagneti ...

...mising the security required. One application is to [[Encryption|encrypt]] and [[Authentication|authenticate]] users records, using the biometric inputs o ...BLIC/89.pdf "Fuzzy Extractors: How to Generate Strong Keys from Biometrics and Other Noisy Data"].2008.</ref> ...

...Hamiltonian by subdividing the edge crossed by the red dashed line segment and adding two edges along this segment.]] ...isualization of number-theoretic connections between [[rational number]]s, and diagrams representing [[RNA secondary structure]] in which the crossings of ...

...nt this technique. Some of the advantages and limitations of the technique and important considerations that need to be taken into account are described. ...ifferent crystal structure is integral to the field of electron microscopy and crystallography. Several software packages exist to simulate electron micro ...