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...ctants. It determines the rates of [[nuclear fusion]] reactions that occur in the cores of [[star]]s. ...ena M.|author2-link=Filomena Nunes |date=2009 |title=Nuclear Reactions for Astrophysics: Principles, Calculations and Applications of Low-Energy Reactions. |publis ...

...=Rolfs |first1=C.E. |last2=Rodney |first2=W.S. |year=1988 |title=Cauldrons in the Cosmos |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BHKLFPUS1RcC&pg=PA156|loc ...des, {{math|''v''}} is the magnitude of the relative incident [[velocity]] in the center-of-mass frame, {{math|''α''}} is the unitless [[fine-structure c ...

...[[supermassive black hole]], then such supermassive black holes must exist in our local universe as "dead" quasars. ...of several of the closest [[supermassive black hole]]s including the ones in the [[Milky Way]], [[Andromeda Galaxy|M31]], [[Messier 32|M32]], [[Messier ...

<!--Removed sections have been commented out instead of deleted, in case they can be improved and put back into the article.--> ...sive study of the physical realms of the astral bodies and their movements in space. A thorough understanding of this subject requires detailed knowledge ...

...= Collective relaxation of stellar systems | url = | journal = Astronomy & Astrophysics | volume = 160 | issue = | page = 203 | bibcode = 1986A&A...160..203G }}</r ...= 1994| title = Ergodic Concepts in Stellar Dynamics |series=Lecture Notes in Physics, 430|publisher= Springer |isbn=978-3-662-13986-8}}</ref><ref>{{cite ...

...>−1</sup>}}). The [[microflick]] is also used to measure spectral radiance in some fields.<ref>{{cite web|last=Palmer|first=James M.|title=The SI system ...diation]] and [[light]]. It is conceptually distinct from the descriptions in explicit terms of [[James Clerk Maxwell|Maxwellian]] [[electromagnetic fiel ...

This article summarizes [[equation]]s used in [[optics]], including [[geometric optics]], [[physical optics]], [[radiomet There are different forms of the [[Poynting vector]], the most common are in terms of the '''E''' and '''B''' or '''E''' and '''H''' fields. ...

...branch of physics in which we study the object and properties of an object in form of a motion under the action of the force. ...that ''all things are made up of atoms – little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apa ...

{{short description|Fluctuations in the energy spectrum of the microwave background}} ...ilt |url= https://www.quantamagazine.org/the-case-for-spectral-distortions-in-the-cosmic-microwave-background-20150630/ |magazine= Quanta|publisher= Simo ...

...l survived the whole of stellar evolution. Such a disc can manifest itself in various ways. ...10⁻⁹ solar masses per year (rates for typical systems presented in Hartmann et al.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Hartmann|first1=L|last2=Calvet|fir ...

...ravitational force from the supermassive black hole keeps the stars moving in very tight orbits about the center of the cluster. ...is happens when two SMBHs in a binary system coalesce, after losing energy in the form of [[gravitational wave]]s. Because the gravitational waves are no ...

|caption = At the award ceremony for the Charles University Medal in Potsdam, September 2007 |work_institutions = [[University of Hamburg]]<br/>[[Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics]]<br/>[[Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics]] ...

{{short description|Structure formed by diffuse material in orbital motion around a massive central body}} ...ivistic beaming|relativistic effects]] imposed on light when it is emitted in [[Gravitational singularity|regions]] subject to extreme [[Gravitational fi ...

...to the lower-right (cooler and less bright), called the [[main sequence]]. In the lower-left is where [[white dwarf]]s are found, and above the main sequ ...pendently in 1911 by [[Ejnar Hertzsprung]] and by [[Henry Norris Russell]] in 1913, and represented a major step towards an understanding of [[stellar ev ...

...New, Light, Weakly-Coupled Particles|eprint=1311.0029|class=hep-ph}}</ref> In a minimal scenario, this new force can be introduced by extending the gauge ...-link= Brenna Flaugher |date=2017-07-14|title=US Cosmic Visions: New Ideas in Dark Matter 2017: Community Report|eprint=1707.04591|class=hep-ph}}</ref> ...

...'''SVT'''), sometimes known as the '''BEC vacuum theory''', is an approach in [[theoretical physics]] and [[quantum mechanics]] where the fundamental phy ...a derivative of [[quantum gravity]] and describes all known interactions in the Universe, at both microscopic and astronomic scales, as different manif ...

...minent researcher of [[cosmic rays]], built the first [[nuclear reactor]]s in the [[USSR]], founder of [[Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physi ...]''', predicted [[self focusing]] of light, discovered [[Askaryan effect]] in the [[particle physics]][[File:Zhores Alferov.jpg|thumb|95px|'''[[Zhores Al ...

...of [[mass–energy]]. A stationary [[Field (physics)|field]] is one that is in a steady state, but the masses causing that field may be non-static ⁠— rota ...on its rotation. The Lense–Thirring effect is very small – about one part in a few trillion. To detect it, it is necessary to examine a very massive obj ...

{{Short description|Region in spacetime from which nothing can escape}} ...4''', 133–153 (2002), doi: 10.1023/A:1015347106729] |title=Visual Horizons in World Models |journal=Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |da ...

{{Short description|Exact spherically symmetric solution in GR}} In [[general relativity]], the '''Vaidya metric''' describes the non-empty ext ...