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'''Fluorescent chloride sensors''' are used for [[chemical analysis]]. The discoveries of [[chloride]] (Cl⁻) participations [[quinolinium]] - based Cl⁻ indicators are based on the capability of [[halide]]s to quench the [[fluorescence]] o ...

...of titrations that include ions.<ref name="Braun, R.D. 2015">Braun, R.D., "Chemical Analysis". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclo ...the History of Analytical Chemistry and the Related Sciences". Journal of Chemical Education, 1977, 54, 635-637.</ref> As such, using conductometry to determi ...

...ering|weathers]] well, it is readily available for study. The size, shape, chemical composition and [[microstructure]] of slag are determined by features of th ...llect more impurities and be [[immiscible]] in the melt.<ref>Moore J. J. ''Chemical Metallurgy'' Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford. Second edition, 1990 p152.</ref ...

...ince the flow rate is critical in many industrial processes, especially in chemical industries.<br/> ...eed to transport chemical liquids at a specific flow rate for a particular chemical reaction to take place then there is a need to ascertain both the dynamic h ...

...ol|negative control]], or the experimental group that does not contain the chemical in question. The NOEC is the highest concentration that does not cause a st ...ing an adverse effect. Likewise, the CCC is the highest concentration of a chemical in water that aquatic organisms can be exposed to indefinitely without resu ...

The following chemical reactions take place in [[Soft water|lime soda softening]] process which pr ...ibrium with availability of dissolved carbon dioxide as given below in the chemical reaction ...

...e management. Progress toward the targets will be measured by using eleven indicators.<ref name=":17" /> ...ember 2018 |title=Policy review of the means of implementation targets and indicators for the sustainable development goal for water and sanitation |journal=npj ...

{{Short description|Chemical radical}} ...ht-activated molecular switches based on hetero-cyclopentanediyls |journal=Chemical Science |language=en |volume=10 |issue=12 |pages=3486–3493 |doi=10.1039/C8S ...

...grains, or flakes from the rocks surface.<ref name=":2" /> The most common indicators of abrasion is potholes in the bedrock or a trough-like shape to the river. ...nt on are "the ratio of mineral surface are to water volume, the degree of chemical under-saturation, and the time it takes a water parcel to move through a re ...

...red by Professor Wallach. Thus, Vitaly Khlopin passed exams for the entire chemical specialty program of the university and received his first university diplo ...al Academy of Postgraduate Education</ref> he taught practical sessions on chemical methods of sanitary analyses; ...

...|last1=Fry|first1=B.|last2=Sherr|first2=E. B.|chapter=δ13C Measurements as Indicators of Carbon Flow in Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems |series=Ecological Studi ...:Kinetic and Equilibrium Isotope Effects.png|thumb|A simplified model of a chemical reaction with pathways for a light isotope (H) and heavy isotope (D) of hyd ...

...Chlorine Industry Running Flat Out Despite Persistent Health Fears|journal=Chemical & Engineering News Archive |volume=72 |issue=47 |pages=12–26 |doi=10.1021/c ...|first=Christian|date=1993-08-01|title=Organic Halogen Group Parameters as Indicators of Ground Water Contamination|journal=Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation ...

...ctivity (in μS/cm) to the total dissolved solids (in mg/kg) depends on the chemical composition of the sample and can vary between 0.54 and 0.96. Typically, th ...=7706010 |doi-access=free}}</ref> Inductive sensors are suitable for harsh chemical conditions but require larger sample volumes than electrode sensors.<ref>{{ ...

...by how the proteins from each process produce light. Bioluminescence is a chemical process that involves enzymes breaking down a substrate to produce light. F ...otors |url=https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar040136s |journal=Accounts of Chemical Research |language=en |volume=38 |issue=7 |pages=574–582 |doi=10.1021/ar040 ...

...f is inappropriate, for high temperature fires can be hot enough to induce chemical changes in concrete, which in the extreme can cause considerable structural ...te is quite young and results from the volume reduction resulting from the chemical reaction of the Portland cement. ...

...]. M. F. Lin was a member of the [[American Physical Society]], [[American Chemical Society]], [[:zh-tw:台灣物理學會|Physical Society of Taiwan]],<ref name="ReviewPC ...update for "Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators" |journal=Elsevier Data Repository |date=October 4, 2023 |volume=V6 |doi=10 ...

...st2=Parthasarathy|first2=M.|year=1988}}</ref> These were considered to be indicators of surrounding dust and HD 179821 was identified as a possible [[protoplane ...copic studies and modern space-based observations have revealed an unusual chemical makeup and a hollow spherical dust shell, but haven't fully resolved whethe ...

...Spectroscopy | journal=Accounts of Chemical Research | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=39 | issue=6 | year=2006 | issn=0001-4842 | doi=10.1 ...

...J |chapter=Riot control agents|date=2020 |title=Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents | edition = Third |pages=171–196| veditors = Gupta RC |place ...title = Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology | chapter = Chemical Warfare Agents: Estimating Oral Reference Doses | display-authors = 6 | vol ...

...to retrieve a [[spectral signature]] for every location. The physical and chemical state of the surface determines the [[emissivity]] and [[reflectance]] for ...and a physically correct translation of spectral characteristics to physio-chemical characteristics. ...