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{{Short description|American chemist (born 1931)}} | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1931|9|19|mf=yes}} ...

{{Short description|American mathematician (1931–2013)}} | birth_date = {{Birth date|1931|12|1}} ...

...Joseph Marty (Entry in the database of members of the French army who died in the Second World War)}}</ref> was a French [[mathematician]]. ...ught at the lycée d'Albi and as a French army officer was killed in action in WW I.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.presses.ens.fr/client/document/aubin_ ...

{{short description|Blackboard used by Albert Einstein on 16 May 1931 lectures at the University of Oxford}} ...ard at the [[History of Science Museum, Oxford|History of Science Museum]] in [[Oxford]]]] ...

...may be positive or negative or zero) has a [[Cycle (graph theory)|cycle]] in which the sum of weights is&nbsp;0. ...be used, as in [[Johnson's algorithm]], to reweight the edges of the graph in such a way that all edge weights become non-negative and all cycle lengths ...

...author=Havelock, T. H.|year=1907|title=The Dispersion of Double Refraction in Relation to Crystal Structure|journal=Proceedings of the Royal Society of L ...n the 1930s Armstrong College became part of King's College, Durham, which in the 1960s became part of Newcastle University.) ...

{{for-multi|the equations in population dynamics|Kolmogorov equations in population dynamics}} ...lar, they describe how the probability of a continuous-time Markov process in a certain state changes over time. ...

{{Short description|Problem in mathematical optimisation}} ...nd the goal is to derive the best possible control to reach <math>B</math> in the least possible time. ...

...formal theories of arithmetic. The ''β'' function is used, in particular, in showing that the class of [[arithmetically definable function]]s is closed ...ssential step of that proof. Gödel gave the ''' ''β'' function''' its name in (Gödel 1934). ...

...[[List of Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty|MIT faculty]] from 1931 to 1933.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://libraries.mit.edu/mithistory/institute/ His [[textbook]] on [[analytic geometry]] in 1897 was reviewed by [[Maxime Bôcher]].<ref>Maxime Bocher (1897) [https://p ...

...l of the universe proposed by [[Albert Einstein]] and [[Willem de Sitter]] in 1932.<ref>{{cite journal ...el Goobar]]: "''Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics''", 2nd ed. [[Springer Science+Business Media|Springer]] (2004), p. 70+77. {{ISBN|3-540-43128-4}}.</ref><r ...

{{Short description|American mathematician (born 1931)}} | caption = Gross in 2015 ...

...e Soviet Union]] (1990); Award of the [[Japan Society for the Promotion of Science]] (2000); the Doob Lecture of the [[Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Stat ...iversity]] (1983). In 1986, he received his PhD ([[Candidate of Sciences]] in Russia) under the supervision of Prof. O. G. Smolyanov.<ref name="Genealogy ...

{{Short description|Notion in measure theory}} ...first introduced by [[John von Neumann]] in a pioneering paper from 1931, in which he answered a question raised by [[Alfréd Haar]].<ref> ...

...e.hu/akademia/akada.html |date=March 11, 2009 }}.</ref> known for his work in [[set theory]] and [[combinatorics]]. ...e="cv">[http://www.renyi.hu/~ahajnal/hajn2006.pdf Curriculum vitae].</ref> in [[Budapest]], [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920–1946)|Hungary]]. ...

...d by [[Edward Fraenkel]] in 1962.<ref>Fraenkel, L. E. (1962). Laminar flow in symmetrical channels with slightly curved walls, I. On the Jeffery-Hamel so ...s. The resulting flow is two-dimensional if the plates are infinitely long in the axial <math>z</math> direction, or the plates are longer but finite, if ...

...ntral.com |language=en}}</ref> Most ACES compliant image files are encoded in 16-bit [[half-float]]s, thus allowing ACES [[OpenEXR]] files to encode 30 s ...ring-awards-announced |url-status=dead }}</ref> The system is standardized in part by the [[Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers]] (SMPTE) ...

...in 1894, and an [[Doctor of Science|ScD]] from the [[University of Paris]] in 1901.<ref name=Cyclopaedia>{{Cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books? ...the theory of algebraic numbers|volume=I and II |publisher=Macmillan|year= 1931}}<ref name="Ore1933">{{cite journal|last1=Ore|first1=Oystein|author-link=Oy ...

The ''' Nicholson–Bailey model''' was developed in the 1930s to describe the [[population dynamics]] of a coupled host-[[paras ...be distributed in a non-contiguous ("clumped") fashion in the environment. In its original form, the model does not allow for stable coexistence. Subsequ ...

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