Proverbs 10

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Template:Bible chapter

Proverbs 10 is the tenth chapter of the Book of Proverbs in the Hebrew Bible or the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Template:Sfn[1] The book is a compilation of several wisdom literature collections, with the heading in 1:1 may be intended to regard Solomon as the traditional author of the whole book, but the dates of the individual collections are difficult to determine, and the book probably obtained its final shape in the post-exilic period.Template:Sfn This chapter is a part of the second collection of the book.Template:Sfn

Text

Hebrew

The following table shows the Hebrew text[2][3] of Proverbs 10 with vowels alongside an English translation based upon the JPS 1917 translation (now in the public domain).

Verse Hebrew English translation (JPS 1917)
1 Template:Script/Hebrew The proverbs of Solomon. A wise son maketh a glad father; but a foolish son is the grief of his mother.
2 Template:Script/Hebrew Treasures of wickedness profit nothing; but righteousness delivereth from death.
3 Template:Script/Hebrew The LORD will not suffer the soul of the righteous to famish; but He thrusteth away the desire of the wicked.
4 Template:Script/Hebrew He becometh poor that dealeth with a slack hand; but the hand of the diligent maketh rich.
5 Template:Script/Hebrew A wise son gathereth in summer; but a son that doeth shamefully sleepeth in harvest.
6 Template:Script/Hebrew Blessings are upon the head of the righteous; but the mouth of the wicked concealeth violence.
7 Template:Script/Hebrew The memory of the righteous shall be for a blessing; but the name of the wicked shall rot.
8 Template:Script/Hebrew The wise in heart will receive commandments; but a prating fool shall fall.
9 Template:Script/Hebrew He that walketh uprightly walketh securely; but he that perverteth his ways shall be found out.
10 Template:Script/Hebrew He that winketh with the eye causeth sorrow; and a prating fool shall fall.
11 Template:Script/Hebrew The mouth of the righteous is a fountain of life; but the mouth of the wicked concealeth violence.
12 Template:Script/Hebrew Hatred stirreth up strifes; but love covereth all transgressions.
13 Template:Script/Hebrew In the lips of him that hath discernment wisdom is found; but a rod is for the back of him that is void of understanding.
14 Template:Script/Hebrew Wise men lay up knowledge; but the mouth of the foolish is an imminent ruin.
15 Template:Script/Hebrew The rich man’s wealth is his strong city; the ruin of the poor is their poverty.
16 Template:Script/Hebrew he wages of the righteous is life; The increase of the wicked is sin.
17 Template:Script/Hebrew He is in the way of life that heedeth instruction; But he that forsaketh reproof erreth.
18 Template:Script/Hebrew He that hideth hatred is of lying lips; And he that uttereth a slander is a fool.
19 Template:Script/Hebrew In the multitude of words there wanteth not transgression; But he that refraineth his lips is wise.
20 Template:Script/Hebrew The tongue of the righteous is as choice silver; The heart of the wicked is little worth.
21 Template:Script/Hebrew The lips of the righteous feed many; But the foolish die for want of understanding. .
22 Template:Script/Hebrew The blessing of the LORD, it maketh rich, And toil addeth nothing thereto.
23 Template:Script/Hebrew It is as sport to a fool to do wickedness, And so is wisdom to a man of discernment.
24 Template:Script/Hebrew The fear of the wicked, it shall come upon him; And the desire of the righteous shall be granted.
25 Template:Script/Hebrew When the whirlwind passeth, the wicked is no more; But the righteous is an everlasting foundation.
26 Template:Script/Hebrew As vinegar to the teeth, and as smoke to the eyes, So is the sluggard to them that send him.
27 Template:Script/Hebrew The fear of the LORD prolongeth days; But the years of the wicked shall be shortened.
28 Template:Script/Hebrew The hope of the righteous is gladness; But the expectation of the wicked shall perish.
29 Template:Script/Hebrew The way of the LORD is a stronghold to the upright, But ruin to the workers of iniquity.
30 Template:Script/Hebrew The righteous shall never be moved; But the wicked shall not inhabit the land.
31 Template:Script/Hebrew The mouth of the righteous buddeth with wisdom; But the froward tongue shall be cut off.
32 Template:Script/Hebrew The lips of the righteous know what is acceptable; But the mouth of the wicked is all frowardness.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Template:Sfn Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q103 (4QProvTemplate:Sup; 30 BCE – 30 CE) with extant verses 30–32.Template:Sfn[4]

There is also a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BC. Extant ancient manuscripts of the Septuagint version include Codex Vaticanus (B; 𝔊B; 4th century), Codex Sinaiticus (S; BHK: 𝔊S; 4th century), and Codex Alexandrinus (A; 𝔊A; 5th century).Template:Sfn

Analysis

This chapter belongs to a section regarded as the second collection in the book of Proverbs (comprising Proverbs 10:1–22:16), also called "The First 'Solomonic' Collection" (the second one in Proverbs 25:1–29:27).Template:Sfn The collection contains 375 sayings (375 is the numerical value of the Hebrew name "Solomon"Template:Sfn), each of which consists of two parallel phrases, except for Proverbs 19:7 which consists of three parts.Template:Sfn

Verse 1

"Illustrations to Proverbs 10:1-3" by Daniel Hopfer (1470–1536) c. 1534
The proverbs of Solomon.
A wise son makes a glad father,
but a foolish son is the grief of his mother.[5]

This verse opens a new, different section, following parental appeals in chapters 1–9, with a proverb observing the effect on parents of the wisdom or folly of their child (cf. Proverbs 15:20; 17:21, 25), that not only brings the joy or sorrow of parents, but also the family's reputation (cf. Proverbs 28:7) and prosperity (cf. Proverbs 29:3).Template:Sfn[6]

Verse 15

The rich man's wealth is his strong city:
the destruction of the poor is their poverty.[7]
  • "Strong city": that is, "fortified city"; a metaphor how wealth can protect its possessors against adversity, but only when such wealth is attained by diligence and righteous means (verse 2; cf. Proverbs 13:8; 18:11, 23; 22:7).[8] On the other hand, the poor have no resources to fall back on, especially those who have only themselves to blame (verse 4).Template:Sfn

See also

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References

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Sources

Template:Book of Proverbs

  1. ↑ Holman Illustrated Bible Handbook. Holman Bible Publishers, Nashville, Tennessee. 2012.
  2. ↑ Template:Cite web
  3. ↑ Template:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4Q103 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  5. ↑ Template:Bibleref2 MEV
  6. ↑ Note [a] on Proverbs 10:1 in NET Bible.
  7. ↑ Template:Bibleverse KJV
  8. ↑ Notes [b] on Proverbs 10:15 in NET Bible.
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