Pound sign

The £ grapheme in a selection of fonts

The pound sign (Template:Char) is the symbol for the pound unit of sterling – the currency of the United Kingdom and its associated Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories and previously of Great Britain and of the Kingdom of England. The same symbol is used for other currencies called pound, such as the Egyptian and Syrian pounds. The sign may be drawn with one or two bars depending on personal preference, but the Bank of England has used the one-bar style exclusively on banknotes since 1975.

In the United States, "pound sign" refers to the symbol Template:Char (number sign). In Canada, "pound sign" can mean Template:Char or Template:Char.

Origin

The symbol derives from the upper case Latin letter Template:Char, representing libra pondo, the basic unit of weight in the Roman Empire, which in turn is derived from the Latin word libra, meaning scales or a balance. The pound became an English unit of weight and in England became defined as the tower pound (equivalent to 350 grams) of sterling silver. According to the Royal Mint Museum: Template:Quote

However, the simple letter L, in lower- or uppercase, was used to represent the pound in printed books and newspapers until well into the 19th century. In the blackletter type used until the seventeenth century, the letter L is rendered as $𝔏$.

Usage

When used for sterling, the pound sign is placed before the numerals (e.g., £12,000) and separated from the following digits by no space or only a thin space. In the UK, the sign is used without any prefix. In Egypt and Lebanon, a disambiguating letter is added (E£ or £E and £L respectively). In international banking and foreign exchange operations, the symbol is rarely used: the ISO 4217 currency code (e.g., GBP, EGP, etc.) is preferred.Template:Efn

Other English variants

In Canadian English, the symbol Template:Char is called the pound sign. The symbol Template:Char has several uses and is sometimes called the pound sign too, though it is most often known as the number sign. (Telephone instructions for equipment manufactured in the United States often call Template:Char the pound key.)

In American English, the term "pound sign" usually refers to the symbol Template:Char (number sign), and the corresponding telephone key is called the "pound key". (As in Canada, the # symbol has many other uses.)

Historic variants

Double bar style

Banknotes issued by the Bank of England since 1975 have used only the single bar style as a pound sign. The bank used both the two-bar style (Template:Char) and the one-bar style (Template:Char) (and sometimes a figure without any symbol whatever) more or less equally from 1725 to 1971 intermittently and sometimes concurrently. In typography, the symbols are allographsTemplate:Snd style choicesTemplate:Snd when used to represent the pound; consequently fonts use Template:Unichar (Unicode) code point irrespective of which style chosen, (not Template:Unichar despite its similarity). It is a font design choice on how to draw the symbol at U+00A3. Although most computer fonts do so with one bar, the two-bar style is not rare, as may be seen in the illustration above.

Other

Note the leading J of Jacquard

In the eighteenth-century Caslon metal fonts, the pound sign was identical to an italic uppercase J, rotated 180 degrees.

Currencies that use the pound sign

• Egypt: Egyptian pound
• Falkland Islands: Falkland Islands pound
• Gibraltar: Gibraltar pound
• Guernsey: Guernsey pound
• Isle of Man: Manx pound
• Jersey: Jersey pound
• Saint Helena: Saint Helena pound
• South Sudan: South Sudanese pound
• Sudan: Sudanese pound
• Syria: Syrian pound
• United Kingdom: Pound sterling

Former currencies

• American Colonies:
  • Connecticut pound
  • Delaware pound
  • Georgia pound
  • Maryland pound
  • New Hampshire pound
  • New Jersey pound
  • New York pound
  • North Carolina pound
  • Pennsylvania pound
  • Rhode Island pound
  • South Carolina pound
  • Virginia pound
• Australia: Australian pound
• The Bahamas: Bahamian pound
• Bermuda: Bermudian pound
• British Mandatory Palestine: Palestine pound
• Canada: Canadian pound
  • New Brunswick pound
  • Nova Scotian pound
  • Prince Edward Island pound
• Cyprus: Cypriot pound
• Fiji: Fijian pound
• The Gambia: Gambian pound
• Ghana: Ghanaian pound
• Ireland: Irish pound
• Israel: Israeli pound
• Malta: Maltese pound
• Newfoundland: Newfoundland pound
• New Zealand: New Zealand pound
• Rhodesia: Rhodesian pound
• South Africa: South African pound
• Tonga: Tongan pound
• Western Samoa: Western Samoan pound
• Yemen : Yemeni dinar

Use with computers

In the Unicode standard, the pound sign is encoded at Template:Unichar Whether the glyph is drawn with one or two bars is a type designer's choice as explained above; the key point is that the code is constant irrespective of the presentation chosen.Template:Efn

The encoding of the £ symbol in position xA3 (163₁₀) was first standardised by ISO Latin-1 (an "extended ASCII") in 1985. Position xA3 was used by the Digital Equipment Corporation VT220 terminal, Mac OS Roman, Amstrad CPC, Amiga, and Acorn Archimedes.

Many early computers (limited to a 7-bit, 128-position character set) used a variant of ASCII with one of the less-frequently used characters replaced by the £. The UK national variant of ISO 646 was standardised as BS 4730 in 1985. This code was identical to ASCII except for two characters: x23 encoded Template:Char instead of Template:Char, while x7E encoded Template:Char (overline) instead of Template:Char (tilde). MS-DOS on the IBM PC originally used a proprietary 8-bit character set Code page 437 in which the £ symbol was encoded as x9C; adoption of the ISO/IEC 8859-1 ("ISO Latin-1") standard code xA3 only came later with Microsoft Windows. The Atari ST also used position x9C. The HP LaserJet used position xBA (ISO/IEC 8859-1: Template:Char) for the £ symbol, while most other printers used x9C. The BBC Ceefax system which dated from 1976 encoded the £ as x23. The Sinclair ZX80 and ZX81 characters sets used x0C (ASCII: form feed). The ZX Spectrum and the BBC Micro used x60 (ASCII: Template:Char, grave). The Commodore 64 used x5C (ASCII: Template:Char) while the Oric computers used x5F (ASCII: Template:Char). IBM's EBCDIC code page 037 uses xB1 for the £ while its code page 285 uses x5B. ICL's 1900-series mainframes used a six-bit (64-position character set) encoding for characters, loosely based on BS 4730, with the £ symbol represented as octal 23 (hex 13, dec 19).

Entry methods

Typewriters

Typewriters produced for the British market included a "£" sign from the earliest days, though its position varied widely. A 1921 advertisement for an Imperial Typewriters model D, for example shows a machine with two modifier shifts (CAPS and FIG), with the "£" sign occupying the FIG shift position on the key for letter "B". But the advertisement notes that "We make special keyboards containing symbols, fractions, signs, etc., for the peculiar needs of Engineers, Builders, Architects, Chemists, Scientists, etc., or any staple trade."

On Latin-alphabet typewriters lacking a "£" symbol type element, a reasonable approximation could be made by overtyping an "f" over an "L". Historically, "L" overtyped with a hyphen or an equals sign was also used.

Compose key

The compose key sequence is:

• Template:Keypress

Windows, Linux, Unix

On Microsoft Windows, Linux and Unix, the UK keyboard layout has the "£" symbol on the 3 number key and is typed using:

• Template:Keypress

On a US-International keyboard in Windows, the "£" can be entered using:

• Template:Keypress
• Template:Keypress (on keyboards without an engraved AltGr key)

On a US-International keyboard in Linux and Unix, the "£" can be entered using:

• Template:Keypress followed by Template:Keypress Template:Keypress
• Template:Keypress

In Windows, it may also be generated through the Alt keycodes, although the results vary depending on factors such as the locale, codepage and OS version:

• Template:Keypress+Template:KeypressTemplate:KeypressTemplate:KeypressTemplate:Keypress (keeping Alt pressed until all 4 digits have been typed on the numeric keypad only)
• Template:Keypress+Template:Key pressTemplate:Key pressTemplate:Key press (this also works in MS-DOS)

Windows also supports the combination Template:Keypress but this combination may be overridden by applications for other purposes.

The Character Map utility and Microsoft Word's "Insert Symbol" commands may also be used to enter this character.Template:Efn

Mac OS

The symbol "£" is in the MacRoman character set and can be generated on most non-UK Mac OS keyboard layouts which do not have a dedicated key for it, typically through:

• Template:Keypress

On UK Apple Mac keyboards, this is reversed, with the "£" symbol on the number 3 key, typed using:

• Template:Keypress (and the number sign "#" generated by Template:Keypress)

Android

Pressing and holding the local currency sign will invoke a pop-up box presenting an array of currency signs, from which the pound sign may be chosen.

Other uses

The logo of the UK Independence Party, a British political party, is based on the pound sign, symbolising the party's opposition to adoption of the euro and to the European Union generally.

A symbol that appears to be a double-barred pound sign is used as the logo of the record label Parlophone. In fact this is a stylised version of a Fraktur L ($𝔏$), standing for Lindström (the firm's founder Carl Lindström).

The pound sign was used as an uppercase letter (the lowercase being Template:Angbr, long s) to signify the sound Template:IPAblink in the early 1993–1995 version of the Turkmen Latin alphabet.

See also

• Latin letter L with stroke Template:Char
• Semuncia Template:Char
• Category:Currency symbols