Papyrus 115
Template:New Testament manuscript infobox Template:Grenfell and Hunt Papyrus 115, also known as P. Oxy. 4499, is a fragmented manuscript of the New Testament written in Greek on papyrus. It is designated by the siglum Template:Papyrus in the Gregory-Aland numbering of New Testament manuscripts. It consists of 26 fragments of a codex containing parts of the Book of Revelation.Template:R Using the study of comparative writing styles (palaeography), the manuscript is dated to the third century, c. 225-275 AD.[1] Scholars Bernard Pyne Grenfell and Arthur Hunt discovered the papyrus in Oxyrhynchus, Egypt.
Template:Papyrus was not deciphered and published until 2011. It is currently housed at the Ashmolean Museum.[2]
Description
The manuscript is a codex (precursor to the modern book) although in a very fragmentary condition. In its original form it was sized 15.5 cm by 22 cm, with 33-36 lines per page.Template:R The surviving text includes Revelation 2:1-3, 13-15, 27-29; 3:10-12; 5:8-9; 6:5-6; 8:3-8, 11-13; 9:1-5, 7-16, 18-21; 10:1-4, 8-11; 11:1-5, 8-15, 18-19; 12:1-5, 8-10, 12-17; 13:1-3, 6-16, 18; 14:1-3, 5-7, 10-11, 14-15, 18-20; 15:1, 4-7.[3]Template:R Due to the writing on the pages having a tendency to be narrower when the binding is on the right hand side, it is likely the codex was bound before the copyist started writing in it.Template:R After its publication, scholar David C. Parker notes the manuscript "is a significant contribution to our understanding of the text of the book of Revelation",[4] and as such "may shed light on a crucial period in the development of the text of Revelation."Template:R
There are some textual corrections in the manuscript which may be evidence the copyist had access to more than one examplar.Template:R Out of 165 variant readings in the manuscript, only nine are considered "singular" or "unique" readings.Template:R Five of these are according to Parker "obviously false", and there are therefore only four new textual readings.Template:R Parker concludes that "none of these readings is original."Template:R After a full overview of the manuscript, Parker summises: "It is sometimes suggested that the papyri have not had any genuine effect on the printed text of the New Testament. The example of this witness alone is sufficient to disprove the claim."Template:R Biblical scholar Philip Comfort declares that "Template:Papyrus has superior testimony to that of Template:Papyrus, which aligns with Template:Larger and together form the second-best witness to the book of Revelation."Template:R
The manuscript has evidence of the following Template:Lang (names/titles considered sacred in Christianity): Template:Overline (Israel), Template:Overline (his), Template:Overline (Father), Template:Overline/Template:Overline/Template:Overline (God), Template:Overline/Template:Overline (man), Template:Overline (Spirit), Template:Overline/Template:Overline/Template:Overline (heaven), Template:Overline (Master/Lord). The manuscript uses the Greek numeral system, with no number extant as being written out in full.Template:R
Text
The manuscript is considered to be a witness to the Alexandrian text-type, following the text of Codex Alexandrinus (A) and Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (C).[5] In a comparison of the textual readings of this manuscript, Parker notes it is "usually right" when it agrees with A as opposed to C, incorrect when it disagrees with both, and only right less than half the time when it disagrees with A.Template:R Accordingly, this shows that the text seen in A "confirms the superior quality" of A as opposed to the text seen in C. The textual variants against Codex Sinaiticus Template:Larger and Template:Papyrus link show that Template:Papyrus is more often right in reading the same as Template:Larger as opposed to Template:Papyrus link.Template:R The manuscript also agrees with some later minuscules, which Parker states that "new discoveries sometimes show late witnesses to contain variants that are far older than we could have known."Template:R According to Parker, the agreement of readings between this manuscripts and A and C "confirms the high quality of Template:Papyrus."Template:R
An interesting element of Template:Papyrus is that it apparently gives the number of the beast in Revelation 13:18 as 616 (chi, iota, stigma / Template:Overline), rather than the majority reading of 666 (chi, xi, stigma / ΧΞϚ)), as does Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus. According to the transcription of the INTF, a conjectured reading of the manuscript, due to the space left, is [[[:Template:Overline]]] η Template:Overline (666 or 616), therefore not giving a definite number to the beast.[6]
- Some notable readings[7]
- και το τριτον της σεληνης (and a third of the moon):
- omit. : Template:Papyrus
- incl. : Template:Larger A
- ο απολλυων (the Destroyer) : Template:Papyrus 1740
- απολλυων (Apollyon) : Template:Papyrus link Template:Larger pc gig 2344
- Template:Overline / τεσσάρων (fourth)
- incl. : Template:Papyrus Majority of manuscripts vgcl [[Peshitta|syTemplate:Sup]][[Syriac versions of the Bible#Later Syriac versions|Template:Sup]]
- omit. : Template:Papyrus link Template:Larger A 0207 1611 2053 2344 pc lat [[Syriac versions of the Bible#Later Syriac versions|syTemplate:Sup]] co
- λεγουσαι (they said) : Template:Papyrus Template:Papyrus link Template:Larger C 051 1006 1611 1841 1854 2329 2344 Template:Sup
- λεγοντες (saying) : A 2053 2351 Template:Sup.
- το ονομα (name) : Template:Papyrus co Bea.
- τα ονοματα αυτων (their names) : Template:Papyrus link Template:Larger P 051 1006 1841 2329 al lat
- το ονομα αυτου (his name) : C 1854 2053 pc [[Irenaeus|IrTemplate:Sup]] Prim.
- εκ του ουρανου (out of heaven)
- omit. : Template:Papyrus 175.
- incl. : Template:Papyrus link Template:Larger A Majority of manuscripts
- κατοικουντας (who inhabit) : Template:Papyrus A 2049 69.
- καθημενους (dwelling) : Template:Papyrus link Template:Larger C P 1611 1854 2053 2329 pc [[Peshitta|syTemplate:Sup]][[Syriac versions of the Bible#Later Syriac versions|Template:Sup]] Or
- Template:Overline (2600) : Template:Papyrus.
- Template:Overline / χιλιων εξακοσιων (1600) : Template:Papyrus link Template:LargerTemplate:Sup A 42 69 82 93 177 325 456 498 627 699 1849 2138 2329 Majority of manuscripts
See also
References
External links
- Oxford University 'P. Oxy. LXVI 4499'
- Images of the fragments of P. Oxy. LXVI 4499
Template:New Testament papyri Template:Use dmy dates Template:Book of Revelation
- ↑ Juan Chapa, Oxy. Pap., 66:11-39, no. 4499
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Template:Cite book
- ↑ Template:Cite book
- ↑ Template:Cite book
- ↑ Template:Cite web
- ↑ Taken from NA27 Edition Apparatus, and http://ntvmr.uni-muenster.de/nt-transcripts Template:Webarchive