Orders of magnitude (acceleration)

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Template:Short description Template:More footnotes needed This page lists examples of the acceleration occurring in various situations. They are grouped by orders of magnitude.

Factor
[m/s2] 		Multiple Reference frame Value [g] Item
Template:10^ Template:Nowrap inertial 0 m/s2 0 g The gyro rotors in Gravity Probe B and the free-floating proof masses in the TRIAD I navigation satellite[1]
inertial ≈ 0 m/s2 ≈ 0 g Weightless parabola in a reduced-gravity aircraft
Template:10^ Template:Nowrap lab Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Smallest acceleration in a scientific experiment[2]
Template:10^ Template:Nowrap inertial Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Typical gravitational acceleration of stars in the Milky Way[3]
inertial Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Constant a0in Modified Newtonian dynamics theory, which states that objects with gravitational acceleration lower than a0 don't follow Newton's law of gravity[4]
Template:10^ Template:Nowrap Solar system Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Acceleration of Earth toward the sun due to sun's gravitational attraction
Template:10^ Template:Nowrap lab 0.25 m/s2 0.026 g Train acceleration for SJ X2Template:Citation needed
Template:10^ Template:Nowrap inertial 1.62 m/s2 0.1654 g Standing on the Moon at its equatorTemplate:Citation needed
lab 4.3 m/s2 0.44 g Car acceleration 0–100 km/h in 6.4 s with a Saab 9-5 HirschTemplate:Citation needed
inertial Template:Nowrap 1 g Standard gravity, the gravity acceleration on Earth at sea level standard[5]
101 1 dam/s2 inertial 11.2 m/s2 1.14 g Saturn V Moon rocket just after launchTemplate:Citation needed
inertial 15.2 m/s2 1.55 g Bugatti Veyron from 0 to Template:Nowrap in Template:Nowrap (the net acceleration vector including gravitational acceleration is directed 40 degrees from horizontalTemplate:Citation needed)
inertial 29 m/s2 3 g Space Shuttle, maximum during launch and reentryTemplate:Citation needed
inertial Template:Nowrap 3 g Sustainable for > 25 seconds, for a human[5]
inertial Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap g High-G roller coasters[6]Template:Rp
lab? 41 m/s2 4.2 g Top Fuel drag racing world record of 4.4 s over 1/4 mileTemplate:Citation needed
inertial Template:Nowrap 5 g Causes disorientation, dizziness and fainting in humans[5]
lab? 49+ m/s2 5+ g Formula One car, maximum under heavy brakingTemplate:Citation needed
inertial? 51 m/s2 5.2 g Luge, maximum expected at the Whistler Sliding CentreTemplate:Citation needed
lab Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Formula One car, peak lateral in turns[7]
inertial 59 m/s2 6 g Parachutist peak during normal opening of parachute[8]
inertial Template:Nowrap m/s2 Template:Nowrap Standard, full aerobatics certified gliderTemplate:Citation needed
inertial 70.6 m/s2 7.19 g Apollo 16 on reentry[9]
inertial 79 m/s2 8 g F-16 aircraft pulling out of diveTemplate:Citation needed
inertial Template:Nowrap 9 g Maximum for a fit, trained person with G-suit to keep consciousness, avoiding G-LOCTemplate:Citation needed
inertial Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Typical maximum turn acceleration in an aerobatic plane or fighter jet[10]
Template:10^ 1 hm/s2 inertial 147 m/s2 15 g Explosive seat ejection from aircraftTemplate:Citation needed
Template:Nowrap 18 g Physical damage in humans, such as broken capillaries[5]
Template:Nowrap 21.3 g Peak acceleration experienced by cosmonauts during the Soyuz 18a abort[11]
Template:Nowrap 34 g Peak deceleration of the Stardust Sample Return Capsule on reentry to Earth[12]
Template:Nowrap 46.2 g Maximum acceleration a human has survived on a rocket sled[5]
Template:Nowrap > 50 g Death or serious injury likelyTemplate:Citation needed
982 m/s2 100 g Sprint missile[13]
982 m/s2 100 g Automobile crash (100 km/h into wall)[14]
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Brief human exposure survived in crash[15]
Template:Nowrap 100 g Deadly limit for most humansTemplate:Citation needed
Template:10^ 1 km/s2 inertial
≈ lab 		Template:Nowrap 157 g Peak acceleration of fastest rocket sled run[16]
1964 m/s2 200 g 3.5-inch hard disc non-operating shock tolerance for 2 ms, weight 0.6 kg[17]
2098 m/s2 214 g Highest recorded amount of g-force exposed and survived by a human (Peak deceleration experienced by Kenny Bräck in a crash at the 2003 Chevy 500)[18][19]
2256 m/s2 230 g Peak acceleration experience by the Galileo probe during descent into Jupiter's atmosphere[20]
2490 m/s2 254 g Peak deceleration experienced by Jules Bianchi's head in crash of Marussia MR03, 2014 Japanese Grand Prix[21]
2946 m/s2 300 g Soccer ball struck by footTemplate:Citation needed
3200 m/s2 320 g A jumping human flea[22]
3800 m/s2 380 g A jumping click beetle[23]
4944 m/s2 504 g Clothes on washing machine, during dry spinning (46 cm drum at 1400 rpm)
Template:10^ 10 km/s2 Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Deceleration of the head of a woodpecker[24]
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Space gun with a barrel length of Template:Nowrap and a muzzle velocity of Template:Nowrap, as proposed by Quicklaunch (assuming constant acceleration)
29460 m/s2 3000 g Baseball struck by bat[14]
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Standard requirement for decelerative crashworthiness in certified flight recorders (black box)
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Shock capability of mechanical wrist watches[25]
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Current Formula One engines, maximum piston acceleration (up to 10,000 g before rev limits)[26]
Template:10^ 100 km/s2 Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap A mantis shrimp punch[27]
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Rating of electronics built into military artillery shells[28]
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Spore acceleration of the Pilobolus fungi[29]
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap 9×19 mm Parabellum handgun bullet (average along the length of the barrel)Template:Citation needed[30]
Template:10^ 1,000 km/s2 Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Closing jaws of a trap-jaw ant[31]
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap 9×19 mm Parabellum handgun bullet, peakTemplate:Citation needed[32]
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Surface gravity of white dwarf Sirius B[33]
Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Ultracentrifuge[34]
Template:10^ 1 million km/s2 1Template:E m/s2 Template:Nowrap The record peak acceleration of a projectile in a coilgun, a 2-gram projectile accelerated in 1 cm from rest to 5 km/sec.[35]
Template:10^ 1 billion km/s2 1Template:E to 1Template:E m/s2 1Template:E to 1Template:E g Surface gravity of a neutron star[36]
2.1Template:E m/s2 2.1Template:E g Protons in the Large Hadron Collider[37]
Template:10^ 1 quintillion km/s2 9.149Template:E m/s2 Template:Nowrap g Classical (Bohr model) acceleration of an electron around a 1H nucleus.
1.76Template:E m/s2 1.79Template:E g Electrons in a 1 TV/m wakefield accelerator[38]
Template:10^ 1 quindecillion km/s2 Template:Nowrap Template:Nowrap Coherent Planck unit of acceleration

See also

References

Template:Reflist

Template:Orders of magnitude

  1. ↑ Stanford University: Gravity Probe B, Payload & Spacecraft, and NASA: Investigation of Drag-Free Control Technology for Earth Science Constellation Missions. The TRIAD 1 satellite was a later, more advanced navigation satellite that was part of the U.S. Navy's Transit, or NAVSAT system.
  2. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  3. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  4. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 csel.eng.ohio-state.edu - High Acceleration and the Human Body, Martin Voshell, November 28, 2004 Template:Webarchive
  6. ↑ George Bibel. Beyond the Black Box: the Forensics of Airplane Crashes. Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008. Template:ISBN.
  7. ↑ 6 g has been recorded in the 130R turn at Suzuka circuit, Japan. [1] Many turns have 5 g peak values, like turn 8 at Istanbul or Eau Rouge at Spa
  8. ↑ Template:Cite web
  9. ↑ NASA: SP-368 Biomedical Results of Apollo, Chapter 5: Environmental Factors, Table 2: Apollo Manned Space Flight Reentry G Levels
  10. ↑ Template:Cite news
  11. ↑ Template:Cite book
  12. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  13. ↑ Sprint
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 tomshardware.co.uk - Hard Drive Shock Tolerance - Hard-Disks - Storage Template:Webarchive, Physics, by O'hanian, 1989, 2007-01-03
  15. ↑ "Several Indy car drivers have withstood impacts in excess of 100 G without serious injuries." Dennis F. Shanahan, M.D., M.P.H.: "Human Tolerance and Crash Survivability, citing Society of Automotive Engineers. Indy racecar crash analysis. Automotive Engineering International, June 1999, 87–90. And National Highway Traffic Safety Administration: Recording Automotive Crash Event Data Template:Webarchive
  16. ↑ Template:Cite web
  17. ↑ wdc.com - Legacy Product Specifications : WD600BB Template:Webarchive, read 2012-01-11
  18. ↑ Template:Cite web
  19. ↑ Feel the G's: The Science of Gravity and G-Forces - by Suzanne Slade (page 37)
  20. ↑ Template:Cite web
  21. ↑ Template:Cite web
  22. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  23. ↑ Template:Cite web
  24. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  25. ↑ Omega [2], Ball Watch Technology
  26. ↑ Cosworth V8 engine
  27. ↑ Template:Cite journalTemplate:Dead link
  28. ↑ Template:Cite web
  29. ↑ bu.edu - Rockets in Horse Poop Template:Webarchive, 2010-12-10
  30. ↑ Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a muzzle velocity of Template:Convert, and a 102 mm barrel.
  31. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  32. ↑ Assuming an 8.04 gram bullet, a peak pressure of Template:Convert and 440 N of friction.
  33. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  34. ↑ Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 1, Mechanics, fig. 4.1 (authors Kittel-Knight-Ruderman, 1973 edition)
  35. ↑ K. McKinney and P. Mongeau, "Multiple stage pulsed induction acceleration," in IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 239-242, March 1984, doi: 10.1109/TMAG.1984.1063089.
  36. ↑ Template:Cite book
  37. ↑ Calculated from their speed and radius, approximating the LHC as a circle.
  38. ↑ Template:Cite journal
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