Template:Short description
Template:Multiple issues
Background
When comparing the GDPs of different countries or regions by reference to their Nominal GDP (based on market exchange rates) and GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), one approach is to take a geometric mean of the two. This is described in this article as a "comprehensive GDP". It is calculated by multiplying the two numbers and then taking the square root of their product, as shown in the formula below:
This geometric mean may give a more rounded, stable, and balanced view of a country's size in the global economy. It recognizes both the international financial reality (nominal terms) and the local real purchasing power (PPP terms) without overly skewing in favor of one or the other. Additionally, the geometric mean is arguably more relevant for this purpose than the arithmetic mean.
However, there are downsides to this methodology, hence it is important to note that:
- The geometric average is less intuitive to interpret than either pure nominal or pure PPP GDP figures.
- By combining two measures, one risks glossing over important distinctions between how an economy performs on the global stage (nominal GDP) and its domestic real purchasing power (PPP).
- Many policy decisions (e.g. debt sustainability, trade negotiations) are based predominantly on nominal GDP or standard PPP GDP, rather than a blended figure.
Therefore it is advisedTemplate:Who to view this procedure as a heuristic approach rather than a true single unificatoryTemplate:Clarify for the two previously mentioned methods of GDP calculation.
Overview of the ten largest economies
By geometric average values of GDP (nominal, PPP)
Statistics for future years (2025 to 2029) are IMF projections as indicated by italics.
The sorting is by nation and not by GDP amount.
The ten largest economies by geometric average values of GDP (nominal, PPP) by each year from the available data sourced from the IMF (in billions of USD/Intl$)Template:Clarify
| Year
|
1st
|
2nd
|
3rd
|
4th
|
5th
|
6th
|
7th
|
8th
|
9th
|
10th
|
| 2029
|
Template:Flag
35,458
|
Template:Flag
34,654
|
Template:Flag
12,307
|
Template:Flag
6,207
|
Template:Flag
6,159
|
Template:Flag
4,693
|
Template:Flag
4,406
|
Template:Flag
4,359
|
Template:Flag
4,062
|
Template:Flag
3,642
|
| 2028
|
Template:Flag
34,096
|
Template:Flag
32,904
|
Template:Flag
11,258
|
Template:Flag
6,044
|
Template:Flag
6,012
|
Template:Flag
4,522
|
Template:Flag
4,298
|
Template:Flag
4,224
|
Template:Flag
3,874
|
Template:Flag
3,391
|
| 2027
|
Template:Flag
32,787
|
Template:Flag
31,187
|
Template:Flag
10,298
|
Template:Flag
5,883
|
Template:Flag
5,813
|
Template:Flag
4,362
|
Template:Flag
4,179
|
Template:Flag
4,091
|
Template:Flag
3,695
|
Template:Flag
3,173
|
| 2026
|
Template:Flag
31,527
|
Template:Flag
29,500
|
Template:Flag
9,418
|
Template:Flag
5,712
|
Template:Flag
5,645
|
Template:Flag
4,210
|
Template:Flag
4,066
|
Template:Flag
3,967
|
Template:Flag
3,529
|
Template:Flag
3,098
|
| 2025
|
Template:Flag
30,337
|
Template:Flag
27,756
|
Template:Flag
8,613
|
Template:Flag
5,513
|
Template:Flag
5,450
|
Template:Flag
4,063
|
Template:Flag
3,957
|
Template:Flag
3,838
|
Template:Flag
3,359
|
Template:Flag
3,013
|
| 2024
|
Template:Flag
29,168
|
Template:Flag
26,028
|
Template:Flag
7,893
|
Template:Flag
5,324
|
Template:Flag
5,172
|
Template:Flag
3,920
|
Template:Flag
3,885
|
Template:Flag
3,720
|
Template:Flag
3,208
|
Template:Flag
2,924
|
| 2023
|
Template:Flag
27,721
|
Template:Flag
24,766
|
Template:Flag
7,222
|
Template:Flag
5,196
|
Template:Flag
5,158
|
Template:Flag
3,741
|
Template:Flag
3,618
|
Template:Flag
3,586
|
Template:Flag
3,112
|
Template:Flag
2,834
|
| 2022
|
Template:Flag
26,007
|
Template:Flag
23,778
|
Template:Flag
6,615
|
Template:Flag
5,094
|
Template:Flag
4,868
|
Template:Flag
3,710
|
Template:Flag
3,527
|
Template:Flag
3,354
|
Template:Flag
2,856
|
Template:Flag
2,654
|
| 2021
|
Template:Flag
23,681
|
Template:Flag
22,585
|
Template:Flag
6,005
|
Template:Flag
5,315
|
Template:Flag
4,774
|
Template:Flag
3,338
|
Template:Flag
3,295
|
Template:Flag
3,250
|
Template:Flag
2,551
|
Template:Flag
2,516
|
| 2020
|
Template:Flag
21,354
|
Template:Flag
19,486
|
Template:Flag
5,203
|
Template:Flag
5,112
|
Template:Flag
4,383
|
Template:Flag
2,975
|
Template:Flag
2,947
|
Template:Flag
2,631
|
Template:Flag
2,244
|
Template:Flag
2,227
|
| 2019
|
Template:Flag
21,540
|
Template:Flag
18,707
|
Template:Flag
5,307
|
Template:Flag
5,259
|
Template:Flag
4,415
|
Template:Flag
3,085
|
Template:Flag
3,063
|
Template:Flag
2,787
|
Template:Flag
2,499
|
Template:Flag
2,373
|
| 2018
|
Template:Flag
20,657
|
Template:Flag
17,596
|
Template:Flag
5,190
|
Template:Flag
4,995
|
Template:Flag
4,349
|
Template:Flag
3,000
|
Template:Flag
2,944
|
Template:Flag
2,637
|
Template:Flag
2,472
|
Template:Flag
2,341
|
| 2017
|
Template:Flag
19,612
|
Template:Flag
15,864
|
Template:Flag
5,094
|
Template:Flag
4,707
|
Template:Flag
4,102
|
Template:Flag
2,856
|
Template:Flag
2,775
|
Template:Flag
2,480
|
Template:Flag
2,449
|
Template:Flag
2,232
|
| 2016
|
Template:Flag
18,805
|
Template:Flag
14,547
|
Template:Flag
5,044
|
Template:Flag
4,200
|
Template:Flag
3,890
|
Template:Flag
2,803
|
Template:Flag
2,657
|
Template:Flag
2,279
|
Template:Flag
2,169
|
Template:Flag
2,148
|
| 2015
|
Template:Flag
18,295
|
Template:Flag
13,936
|
Template:Flag
4,714
|
Template:Flag
3,846
|
Template:Flag
3,766
|
Template:Flag
2,878
|
Template:Flag
2,620
|
Template:Flag
2,308
|
Template:Flag
2,220
|
Template:Flag
2,101
|
| 2014
|
Template:Flag
17,608
|
Template:Flag
13,049
|
Template:Flag
4,887
|
Template:Flag
4,002
|
Template:Flag
3,627
|
Template:Flag
2,900
|
Template:Flag
2,809
|
Template:Flag
2,742
|
Template:Flag
2,732
|
Template:Flag
2,260
|
| 2013
|
Template:Flag
16,881
|
Template:Flag
11,938
|
Template:Flag
4,991
|
Template:Flag
3,846
|
Template:Flag
3,311
|
Template:Flag
2,863
|
Template:Flag
2,749
|
Template:Flag
2,711
|
Template:Flag
2,698
|
Template:Flag
2,230
|
| 2012
|
Template:Flag
16,254
|
Template:Flag
10,741
|
Template:Flag
5,375
|
Template:Flag
3,701
|
Template:Flag
3,158
|
Template:Flag
2,754
|
Template:Flag
2,649
|
Template:Flag
2,644
|
Template:Flag
2,614
|
Template:Flag
2,203
|
| 2011
|
Template:Flag
16,000
|
Template:Flag
9,599
|
Template:Flag
5,273
|
Template:Flag
3,771
|
Template:Flag
3,043
|
Template:Flag
2,711
|
Template:Flag
2,673
|
Template:Flag
2,585
|
Template:Flag
2,550
|
Template:Flag
2,325
|
| 2010
|
Template:Flag
15,049
|
Template:Flag
8,146
|
Template:Flag
5,017
|
Template:Flag
3,491
|
Template:Flag
2,815
|
Template:Flag
2,546
|
Template:Flag
2,425
|
Template:Flag
2,385
|
Template:Flag
2,242
|
Template:Flag
2,213
|
| 2009
|
Template:Flag
14,478
|
Template:Flag
7,071
|
Template:Flag
4,684
|
Template:Flag
3,402
|
Template:Flag
2,531
|
Template:Flag
2,404
|
Template:Flag
2,352
|
Template:Flag
2,213
|
Template:Flag
1,988
|
Template:Flag
1,950
|
| 2008
|
Template:Flag
14,770
|
Template:Flag
6,390
|
Template:Flag
4,725
|
Template:Flag
3,653
|
Template:Flag
2,665
|
Template:Flag
2,654
|
Template:Flag
2,373
|
Template:Flag
2,362
|
Template:Flag
2,181
|
Template:Flag
1,999
|
| 2007
|
Template:Flag
14,474
|
Template:Flag
5,329
|
Template:Flag
4,459
|
Template:Flag
3,445
|
Template:Flag
2,690
|
Template:Flag
2,511
|
Template:Flag
2,265
|
Template:Flag
2,144
|
Template:Flag
2,018
|
Template:Flag
1,753
|
| 2006
|
Template:Flag
13,816
|
Template:Flag
4,378
|
Template:Flag
4,330
|
Template:Flag
3,134
|
Template:Flag
2,454
|
Template:Flag
2,287
|
Template:Flag
2,083
|
Template:Flag
1,792
|
Template:Flag
1,668
|
Template:Flag
1,495
|
| 2005
|
Template:Flag
13,039
|
Template:Flag
4,388
|
Template:Flag
3,663
|
Template:Flag
2,953
|
Template:Flag
2,315
|
Template:Flag
2,159
|
Template:Flag
1,985
|
Template:Flag
1,586
|
Template:Flag
1,387
|
Template:Flag
1,296
|
| 2004
|
Template:Flag
12,217
|
Template:Flag
4,310
|
Template:Flag
3,153
|
Template:Flag
2,872
|
Template:Flag
2,194
|
Template:Flag
2,065
|
Template:Flag
1,919
|
Template:Flag
1,398
|
Template:Flag
1,167
|
Template:Flag
1,165
|
| 2003
|
Template:Flag
11,456
|
Template:Flag
4,044
|
Template:Flag
2,733
|
Template:Flag
2,657
|
Template:Flag
1,970
|
Template:Flag
1,877
|
Template:Flag
1,757
|
Template:Flag
1,229
|
Template:Flag
1,061
|
Template:Flag
1,045
|
| 2002
|
Template:Flag
10,929
|
Template:Flag
3,823
|
Template:Flag
2,427
|
Template:Flag
2,402
|
Template:Flag
1,792
|
Template:Flag
1,667
|
Template:Flag
1,564
|
Template:Flag
1,079
|
Template:Flag
1,075
|
Template:Flag
901
|
| 2001
|
Template:Flag
10,582
|
Template:Flag
3,879
|
Template:Flag
2,309
|
Template:Flag
2,199
|
Template:Flag
1,693
|
Template:Flag
1,577
|
Template:Flag
1,483
|
Template:Flag
1,058
|
Template:Flag
1,020
|
Template:Flag
919
|
| 2000
|
Template:Flag
10,251
|
Template:Flag
4,080
|
Template:Flag
2,266
|
Template:Flag
1,987
|
Template:Flag
1,662
|
Template:Flag
1,541
|
Template:Flag
1,438
|
Template:Flag
1,012
|
Template:Flag
977
|
Template:Flag
968
|
| 1999
|
Template:Flag
9,631
|
Template:Flag
3,845
|
Template:Flag
2,344
|
Template:Flag
1,793
|
Template:Flag
1,618
|
Template:Flag
1,559
|
Template:Flag
1,458
|
Template:Flag
930
|
Template:Flag
904
|
Template:Flag
901
|
| 1998
|
Template:Flag
9,063
|
Template:Flag
3,595
|
Template:Flag
2,321
|
Template:Flag
1,664
|
Template:Flag
1,567
|
Template:Flag
1,529
|
Template:Flag
1,447
|
Template:Flag
1,076
|
Template:Flag
848
|
Template:Flag
829
|
| 1997
|
Template:Flag
8,578
|
Template:Flag
3,767
|
Template:Flag
2,269
|
Template:Flag
1,541
|
Template:Flag
1,489
|
Template:Flag
1,471
|
Template:Flag
1,410
|
Template:Flag
1,080
|
Template:Flag
813
|
Template:Flag
776
|
| 1996
|
Template:Flag
8,073
|
Template:Flag
3,891
|
Template:Flag
2,369
|
Template:Flag
1,512
|
Template:Flag
1,423
|
Template:Flag
1,385
|
Template:Flag
1,375
|
Template:Flag
1,033
|
Template:Flag
768
|
Template:Flag
732
|
| 1995
|
Template:Flag
7,640
|
Template:Flag
4,030
|
Template:Flag
2,376
|
Template:Flag
1,487
|
Template:Flag
1,327
|
Template:Flag
1,308
|
Template:Flag
1,207
|
Template:Flag
964
|
Template:Flag
703
|
Template:Flag
691
|
| 1994
|
Template:Flag
7,287
|
Template:Flag
3,738
|
Template:Flag
2,158
|
Template:Flag
1,356
|
Template:Flag
1,241
|
Template:Flag
1,230
|
Template:Flag
994
|
Template:Flag
786
|
Template:Flag
749
|
Template:Flag
639
|
| 1993
|
Template:Flag
6,859
|
Template:Flag
3,505
|
Template:Flag
2,041
|
Template:Flag
1,291
|
Template:Flag
1,196
|
Template:Flag
1,154
|
Template:Flag
970
|
Template:Flag
710
|
Template:Flag
672
|
Template:Flag
609
|
| 1992
|
Template:Flag
6,520
|
Template:Flag
3,252
|
Template:Flag
2,059
|
Template:Flag
1,324
|
Template:Flag
1,315
|
Template:Flag
1,192
|
Template:Flag
802
|
Template:Flag
661
|
Template:Flag
622
|
Template:Flag
612
|
| 1991
|
Template:Flag
6,158
|
Template:Flag
3,064
|
Template:Flag
1,888
|
Template:Flag
1,266
|
Template:Flag
1,230
|
Template:Flag
1,158
|
Template:Flag
778
|
Template:Flag
680
|
Template:Flag
622
|
Template:Flag
620
|
| 1990
|
Template:Flag
5,963
|
Template:Flag
2,768
|
Template:Flag
2,660
|
Template:Flag
1,673
|
Template:Flag
1,203
|
Template:Flag
1,201
|
Template:Flag
1,123
|
Template:Flag
648
|
Template:Flag
627
|
Template:Flag
583
|
| 1989
|
Template:Flag
5,642
|
Template:Flag
2,622
|
Template:Flag
2,561
|
Template:Flag
1,417
|
Template:Flag
1,046
|
Template:Flag
1,045
|
Template:Flag
1,009
|
Template:Flag
649
|
Template:Flag
638
|
Template:Flag
556
|
| 1988
|
Template:Flag
5,236
|
Template:Flag
2,518
|
Template:Flag
2,465
|
Template:Flag
1,368
|
Template:Flag
1,000
|
Template:Flag
990
|
Template:Flag
969
|
Template:Flag
589
|
Template:Flag
526
|
Template:Flag
511
|
| 1987
|
Template:Flag
4,855
|
Template:Flag
2,374
|
Template:Flag
2,177
|
Template:Flag
1,272
|
Template:Flag
919
|
Template:Flag
905
|
Template:Flag
842
|
Template:Flag
492
|
Template:Flag
489
|
Template:Flag
453
|
| 1986
|
Template:Flag
4,580
|
Template:Flag
2,285
|
Template:Flag
1,905
|
Template:Flag
1,118
|
Template:Flag
815
|
Template:Flag
786
|
Template:Flag
726
|
Template:Flag
455
|
Template:Flag
441
|
Template:Flag
411
|
| 1985
|
Template:Flag
4,339
|
Template:Flag
2,200
|
Template:Flag
1,523
|
Template:Flag
915
|
Template:Flag
677
|
Template:Flag
645
|
Template:Flag
641
|
Template:Flag
424
|
Template:Flag
403
|
Template:Flag
396
|
| 1984
|
Template:Flag
4,038
|
Template:Flag
1,966
|
Template:Flag
1,420
|
Template:Flag
885
|
Template:Flag
646
|
Template:Flag
616
|
Template:Flag
600
|
Template:Flag
395
|
Template:Flag
376
|
Template:Flag
360
|
| 1983
|
Template:Flag
3,634
|
Template:Flag
1,757
|
Template:Flag
1,327
|
Template:Flag
883
|
Template:Flag
646
|
Template:Flag
599
|
Template:Flag
599
|
Template:Flag
356
|
Template:Flag
351
|
Template:Flag
337
|
| 1982
|
Template:Flag
3,344
|
Template:Flag
1,570
|
Template:Flag
1,221
|
Template:Flag
861
|
Template:Flag
644
|
Template:Flag
590
|
Template:Flag
574
|
Template:Flag
356
|
Template:Flag
326
|
Template:Flag
324
|
| 1981
|
Template:Flag
3,207
|
Template:Flag
1,378
|
Template:Flag
1,208
|
Template:Flag
854
|
Template:Flag
634
|
Template:Flag
581
|
Template:Flag
559
|
Template:Flag
406
|
Template:Flag
318
|
Template:Flag
303
|
| 1980
|
Template:Flag
2,857
|
Template:Flag
1,210
|
Template:Flag
1,077
|
Template:Flag
889
|
Template:Flag
642
|
Template:Flag
565
|
Template:Flag
564
|
Template:Flag
327
|
Template:Flag
287
|
Template:Flag
283
|
Methodology
- Data are collected from the IMF.
- Figures for the Soviet Union rely on estimates and general historical consensus.
- Dependent territories such as Hong Kong and Puerto Rico are counted separately.
- Due to the lack of data, Russia's 1991 data is taken from the World Bank instead of the IMF.
- Italics indicate future projections of the IMF.
References
Template:Reflist
External links
- [1] World Economic Outlook (October 2024) - GDP, current prices
- [2] World Economic Outlook (October 2024) - GDP, current prices
- World Bank Open Data GDP (current US$) - Russian Federation | Data
- World Bank Open Data GDP, PPP (current international $) - Russian Federation | Data
'