List of countries by largest historical comprehensive GDP

Background

When comparing the GDPs of different countries or regions by reference to their Nominal GDP (based on market exchange rates) and GDP at Purchasing Power Parity (PPP), one approach is to take a geometric mean of the two. This is described in this article as a "comprehensive GDP". It is calculated by multiplying the two numbers and then taking the square root of their product, as shown in the formula below:

$GeometricMean=\sqrt{(}Nominal*PPP)$

This geometric mean may give a more rounded, stable, and balanced view of a country's size in the global economy. It recognizes both the international financial reality (nominal terms) and the local real purchasing power (PPP terms) without overly skewing in favor of one or the other. Additionally, the geometric mean is arguably more relevant for this purpose than the arithmetic mean.

However, there are downsides to this methodology, hence it is important to note that:

• The geometric average is less intuitive to interpret than either pure nominal or pure PPP GDP figures.
• By combining two measures, one risks glossing over important distinctions between how an economy performs on the global stage (nominal GDP) and its domestic real purchasing power (PPP).
• Many policy decisions (e.g. debt sustainability, trade negotiations) are based predominantly on nominal GDP or standard PPP GDP, rather than a blended figure.

Therefore it is advisedTemplate:Who to view this procedure as a heuristic approach rather than a true single unificatoryTemplate:Clarify for the two previously mentioned methods of GDP calculation.

Overview of the ten largest economies

By geometric average values of GDP (nominal, PPP)

Statistics for future years (2025 to 2029) are IMF projections as indicated by italics.

The sorting is by nation and not by GDP amount.

The ten largest economies by geometric average values of GDP (nominal, PPP) by each year from the available data sourced from the IMF (in billions of USD/Intl$)Template:Clarify

Year	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	8th	9th	10th
2029	Template:Flag 35,458	Template:Flag 34,654	Template:Flag 12,307	Template:Flag 6,207	Template:Flag 6,159	Template:Flag 4,693	Template:Flag 4,406	Template:Flag 4,359	Template:Flag 4,062	Template:Flag 3,642
2028	Template:Flag 34,096	Template:Flag 32,904	Template:Flag 11,258	Template:Flag 6,044	Template:Flag 6,012	Template:Flag 4,522	Template:Flag 4,298	Template:Flag 4,224	Template:Flag 3,874	Template:Flag 3,391
2027	Template:Flag 32,787	Template:Flag 31,187	Template:Flag 10,298	Template:Flag 5,883	Template:Flag 5,813	Template:Flag 4,362	Template:Flag 4,179	Template:Flag 4,091	Template:Flag 3,695	Template:Flag 3,173
2026	Template:Flag 31,527	Template:Flag 29,500	Template:Flag 9,418	Template:Flag 5,712	Template:Flag 5,645	Template:Flag 4,210	Template:Flag 4,066	Template:Flag 3,967	Template:Flag 3,529	Template:Flag 3,098
2025	Template:Flag 30,337	Template:Flag 27,756	Template:Flag 8,613	Template:Flag 5,513	Template:Flag 5,450	Template:Flag 4,063	Template:Flag 3,957	Template:Flag 3,838	Template:Flag 3,359	Template:Flag 3,013
2024	Template:Flag 29,168	Template:Flag 26,028	Template:Flag 7,893	Template:Flag 5,324	Template:Flag 5,172	Template:Flag 3,920	Template:Flag 3,885	Template:Flag 3,720	Template:Flag 3,208	Template:Flag 2,924
2023	Template:Flag 27,721	Template:Flag 24,766	Template:Flag 7,222	Template:Flag 5,196	Template:Flag 5,158	Template:Flag 3,741	Template:Flag 3,618	Template:Flag 3,586	Template:Flag 3,112	Template:Flag 2,834
2022	Template:Flag 26,007	Template:Flag 23,778	Template:Flag 6,615	Template:Flag 5,094	Template:Flag 4,868	Template:Flag 3,710	Template:Flag 3,527	Template:Flag 3,354	Template:Flag 2,856	Template:Flag 2,654
2021	Template:Flag 23,681	Template:Flag 22,585	Template:Flag 6,005	Template:Flag 5,315	Template:Flag 4,774	Template:Flag 3,338	Template:Flag 3,295	Template:Flag 3,250	Template:Flag 2,551	Template:Flag 2,516
2020	Template:Flag 21,354	Template:Flag 19,486	Template:Flag 5,203	Template:Flag 5,112	Template:Flag 4,383	Template:Flag 2,975	Template:Flag 2,947	Template:Flag 2,631	Template:Flag 2,244	Template:Flag 2,227
2019	Template:Flag 21,540	Template:Flag 18,707	Template:Flag 5,307	Template:Flag 5,259	Template:Flag 4,415	Template:Flag 3,085	Template:Flag 3,063	Template:Flag 2,787	Template:Flag 2,499	Template:Flag 2,373
2018	Template:Flag 20,657	Template:Flag 17,596	Template:Flag 5,190	Template:Flag 4,995	Template:Flag 4,349	Template:Flag 3,000	Template:Flag 2,944	Template:Flag 2,637	Template:Flag 2,472	Template:Flag 2,341
2017	Template:Flag 19,612	Template:Flag 15,864	Template:Flag 5,094	Template:Flag 4,707	Template:Flag 4,102	Template:Flag 2,856	Template:Flag 2,775	Template:Flag 2,480	Template:Flag 2,449	Template:Flag 2,232
2016	Template:Flag 18,805	Template:Flag 14,547	Template:Flag 5,044	Template:Flag 4,200	Template:Flag 3,890	Template:Flag 2,803	Template:Flag 2,657	Template:Flag 2,279	Template:Flag 2,169	Template:Flag 2,148
2015	Template:Flag 18,295	Template:Flag 13,936	Template:Flag 4,714	Template:Flag 3,846	Template:Flag 3,766	Template:Flag 2,878	Template:Flag 2,620	Template:Flag 2,308	Template:Flag 2,220	Template:Flag 2,101
2014	Template:Flag 17,608	Template:Flag 13,049	Template:Flag 4,887	Template:Flag 4,002	Template:Flag 3,627	Template:Flag 2,900	Template:Flag 2,809	Template:Flag 2,742	Template:Flag 2,732	Template:Flag 2,260
2013	Template:Flag 16,881	Template:Flag 11,938	Template:Flag 4,991	Template:Flag 3,846	Template:Flag 3,311	Template:Flag 2,863	Template:Flag 2,749	Template:Flag 2,711	Template:Flag 2,698	Template:Flag 2,230
2012	Template:Flag 16,254	Template:Flag 10,741	Template:Flag 5,375	Template:Flag 3,701	Template:Flag 3,158	Template:Flag 2,754	Template:Flag 2,649	Template:Flag 2,644	Template:Flag 2,614	Template:Flag 2,203
2011	Template:Flag 16,000	Template:Flag 9,599	Template:Flag 5,273	Template:Flag 3,771	Template:Flag 3,043	Template:Flag 2,711	Template:Flag 2,673	Template:Flag 2,585	Template:Flag 2,550	Template:Flag 2,325
2010	Template:Flag 15,049	Template:Flag 8,146	Template:Flag 5,017	Template:Flag 3,491	Template:Flag 2,815	Template:Flag 2,546	Template:Flag 2,425	Template:Flag 2,385	Template:Flag 2,242	Template:Flag 2,213
2009	Template:Flag 14,478	Template:Flag 7,071	Template:Flag 4,684	Template:Flag 3,402	Template:Flag 2,531	Template:Flag 2,404	Template:Flag 2,352	Template:Flag 2,213	Template:Flag 1,988	Template:Flag 1,950
2008	Template:Flag 14,770	Template:Flag 6,390	Template:Flag 4,725	Template:Flag 3,653	Template:Flag 2,665	Template:Flag 2,654	Template:Flag 2,373	Template:Flag 2,362	Template:Flag 2,181	Template:Flag 1,999
2007	Template:Flag 14,474	Template:Flag 5,329	Template:Flag 4,459	Template:Flag 3,445	Template:Flag 2,690	Template:Flag 2,511	Template:Flag 2,265	Template:Flag 2,144	Template:Flag 2,018	Template:Flag 1,753
2006	Template:Flag 13,816	Template:Flag 4,378	Template:Flag 4,330	Template:Flag 3,134	Template:Flag 2,454	Template:Flag 2,287	Template:Flag 2,083	Template:Flag 1,792	Template:Flag 1,668	Template:Flag 1,495
2005	Template:Flag 13,039	Template:Flag 4,388	Template:Flag 3,663	Template:Flag 2,953	Template:Flag 2,315	Template:Flag 2,159	Template:Flag 1,985	Template:Flag 1,586	Template:Flag 1,387	Template:Flag 1,296
2004	Template:Flag 12,217	Template:Flag 4,310	Template:Flag 3,153	Template:Flag 2,872	Template:Flag 2,194	Template:Flag 2,065	Template:Flag 1,919	Template:Flag 1,398	Template:Flag 1,167	Template:Flag 1,165
2003	Template:Flag 11,456	Template:Flag 4,044	Template:Flag 2,733	Template:Flag 2,657	Template:Flag 1,970	Template:Flag 1,877	Template:Flag 1,757	Template:Flag 1,229	Template:Flag 1,061	Template:Flag 1,045
2002	Template:Flag 10,929	Template:Flag 3,823	Template:Flag 2,427	Template:Flag 2,402	Template:Flag 1,792	Template:Flag 1,667	Template:Flag 1,564	Template:Flag 1,079	Template:Flag 1,075	Template:Flag 901
2001	Template:Flag 10,582	Template:Flag 3,879	Template:Flag 2,309	Template:Flag 2,199	Template:Flag 1,693	Template:Flag 1,577	Template:Flag 1,483	Template:Flag 1,058	Template:Flag 1,020	Template:Flag 919
2000	Template:Flag 10,251	Template:Flag 4,080	Template:Flag 2,266	Template:Flag 1,987	Template:Flag 1,662	Template:Flag 1,541	Template:Flag 1,438	Template:Flag 1,012	Template:Flag 977	Template:Flag 968
1999	Template:Flag 9,631	Template:Flag 3,845	Template:Flag 2,344	Template:Flag 1,793	Template:Flag 1,618	Template:Flag 1,559	Template:Flag 1,458	Template:Flag 930	Template:Flag 904	Template:Flag 901
1998	Template:Flag 9,063	Template:Flag 3,595	Template:Flag 2,321	Template:Flag 1,664	Template:Flag 1,567	Template:Flag 1,529	Template:Flag 1,447	Template:Flag 1,076	Template:Flag 848	Template:Flag 829
1997	Template:Flag 8,578	Template:Flag 3,767	Template:Flag 2,269	Template:Flag 1,541	Template:Flag 1,489	Template:Flag 1,471	Template:Flag 1,410	Template:Flag 1,080	Template:Flag 813	Template:Flag 776
1996	Template:Flag 8,073	Template:Flag 3,891	Template:Flag 2,369	Template:Flag 1,512	Template:Flag 1,423	Template:Flag 1,385	Template:Flag 1,375	Template:Flag 1,033	Template:Flag 768	Template:Flag 732
1995	Template:Flag 7,640	Template:Flag 4,030	Template:Flag 2,376	Template:Flag 1,487	Template:Flag 1,327	Template:Flag 1,308	Template:Flag 1,207	Template:Flag 964	Template:Flag 703	Template:Flag 691
1994	Template:Flag 7,287	Template:Flag 3,738	Template:Flag 2,158	Template:Flag 1,356	Template:Flag 1,241	Template:Flag 1,230	Template:Flag 994	Template:Flag 786	Template:Flag 749	Template:Flag 639
1993	Template:Flag 6,859	Template:Flag 3,505	Template:Flag 2,041	Template:Flag 1,291	Template:Flag 1,196	Template:Flag 1,154	Template:Flag 970	Template:Flag 710	Template:Flag 672	Template:Flag 609
1992	Template:Flag 6,520	Template:Flag 3,252	Template:Flag 2,059	Template:Flag 1,324	Template:Flag 1,315	Template:Flag 1,192	Template:Flag 802	Template:Flag 661	Template:Flag 622	Template:Flag 612
1991	Template:Flag 6,158	Template:Flag 3,064	Template:Flag 1,888	Template:Flag 1,266	Template:Flag 1,230	Template:Flag 1,158	Template:Flag 778	Template:Flag 680	Template:Flag 622	Template:Flag 620
1990	Template:Flag 5,963	Template:Flag 2,768	Template:Flag 2,660	Template:Flag 1,673	Template:Flag 1,203	Template:Flag 1,201	Template:Flag 1,123	Template:Flag 648	Template:Flag 627	Template:Flag 583
1989	Template:Flag 5,642	Template:Flag 2,622	Template:Flag 2,561	Template:Flag 1,417	Template:Flag 1,046	Template:Flag 1,045	Template:Flag 1,009	Template:Flag 649	Template:Flag 638	Template:Flag 556
1988	Template:Flag 5,236	Template:Flag 2,518	Template:Flag 2,465	Template:Flag 1,368	Template:Flag 1,000	Template:Flag 990	Template:Flag 969	Template:Flag 589	Template:Flag 526	Template:Flag 511
1987	Template:Flag 4,855	Template:Flag 2,374	Template:Flag 2,177	Template:Flag 1,272	Template:Flag 919	Template:Flag 905	Template:Flag 842	Template:Flag 492	Template:Flag 489	Template:Flag 453
1986	Template:Flag 4,580	Template:Flag 2,285	Template:Flag 1,905	Template:Flag 1,118	Template:Flag 815	Template:Flag 786	Template:Flag 726	Template:Flag 455	Template:Flag 441	Template:Flag 411
1985	Template:Flag 4,339	Template:Flag 2,200	Template:Flag 1,523	Template:Flag 915	Template:Flag 677	Template:Flag 645	Template:Flag 641	Template:Flag 424	Template:Flag 403	Template:Flag 396
1984	Template:Flag 4,038	Template:Flag 1,966	Template:Flag 1,420	Template:Flag 885	Template:Flag 646	Template:Flag 616	Template:Flag 600	Template:Flag 395	Template:Flag 376	Template:Flag 360
1983	Template:Flag 3,634	Template:Flag 1,757	Template:Flag 1,327	Template:Flag 883	Template:Flag 646	Template:Flag 599	Template:Flag 599	Template:Flag 356	Template:Flag 351	Template:Flag 337
1982	Template:Flag 3,344	Template:Flag 1,570	Template:Flag 1,221	Template:Flag 861	Template:Flag 644	Template:Flag 590	Template:Flag 574	Template:Flag 356	Template:Flag 326	Template:Flag 324
1981	Template:Flag 3,207	Template:Flag 1,378	Template:Flag 1,208	Template:Flag 854	Template:Flag 634	Template:Flag 581	Template:Flag 559	Template:Flag 406	Template:Flag 318	Template:Flag 303
1980	Template:Flag 2,857	Template:Flag 1,210	Template:Flag 1,077	Template:Flag 889	Template:Flag 642	Template:Flag 565	Template:Flag 564	Template:Flag 327	Template:Flag 287	Template:Flag 283

Methodology

1. Data are collected from the IMF.
2. Figures for the Soviet Union rely on estimates and general historical consensus.
3. Dependent territories such as Hong Kong and Puerto Rico are counted separately.
4. Due to the lack of data, Russia's 1991 data is taken from the World Bank instead of the IMF.
5. Italics indicate future projections of the IMF.

External links

• [1] World Economic Outlook (October 2024) - GDP, current prices
• [2] World Economic Outlook (October 2024) - GDP, current prices
• World Bank Open Data GDP (current US$) - Russian Federation | Data
• World Bank Open Data GDP, PPP (current international $) - Russian Federation | Data

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