List of Y-dwarfs

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Template:Short description This is a list of astronomical objects with the spectral type Y. They are a mix of brown dwarfs and planetary-mass objects. They are the coldest such objects in interstellar space and have a temperature around below 500 Kelvin (227°C; 440°F). Only a few are known due to their faint nature. The list is sorted after distance.

Table

List of Y-dwarfs
Name spectral type[1] Teff[1]

(Kelvin)

Mass estimate

(Template:Jupiter mass)

distance[1]

(light years)

Year of discovery
Jupiter Y-class analog[2] 125 1 solar system known since ancient times
WISE J0855−0714 Y4 (extrapolated) 276Template:±[3] 3−10[4] 7.43Template:± 2014[5]
Epsilon Indi Ab[6] Y3Template:Efn (estimated) 275 6.31Template:± 11.867Template:± 2018 (discovered) 2024 (imaging)
WISE J1639−6847 Y0pec 398Template:±[3] 5−14[7] or 9−17[8] 15.45Template:±[9] 2012[10]
WISE J0350−5658 Y1 355Template:±[3] 3−8[7] or 7−13[8] 18.49Template:± 2012[11]
WISEPA J1541−2250 Y1 411Template:±[3] 8−20[7] 18.9Template:±[12] 2011[13][14]
WISE J2209+2711 Y0[15] 355Template:±[3] 8−19[7] or 5[16] 20.17Template:± 2014[17]
WISEPC J1405+5534 Y0.5 (pec?) 392Template:±[3] 9−21[7] 20.6Template:± 2011[13][14]
WISEPA J0410+1502 Y0 451Template:± 8−20[7] 21.32Template:±[12] 2011[13][14]
WISE J0825+2805 Y0.5 387Template:±[3] 3−8[7] or 5[16] 21.4Template:± 2015[18]
CWISE J1055+5443[19] Y0 (pec) 500Template:± 4−6 22Template:± 2023
WISEPC J2056+1459 Y0 481Template:±[3] 13−23[8] or 5[16] 22.27Template:±[12] 2011[13][14]
SMDET-1 Y (estimate) <391 <24.1 2026[20]
WISEPA J1738+2732 Y0 431Template:±[3] 5−14,[7] 3−9[21] or 11−21[8] 24.4Template:±[12] 2011[13][14]
WISEA J2354+0240 Y1 347Template:±[3] 8−14[8] or 2.5Template:±[22] 25.0Template:± 2015[18]
WISENF J1936+0408 Y0 (estimated) 460Template:± 28.6Template:± 2020[23]
WISE J0647−6232 Y1 394Template:±[3] 5–13[7] or 4.6Template:±[22] 29.6Template:±[12] 2013[24]
WISE J0713−2917 Y0 464Template:± 13−29[7] 29.6Template:±[12] 2012[11]
WISEPC J1217+1626 B Y0 460Template:± 8−20[7] 30.4Template:± 2012[25]
WISEA J1930−2059 ≥Y1 (estimated) 372Template:±[3] 30.7Template:± 2020[26]
CWISEP J0402−2651 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367Template:± 31.2Template:±[27] 2020[23]
WISEA J1141−3326 Y0 460Template:± 3–8[7] 31.4Template:± 2014[28]
CWISEP J1446−2317 Y1[15] 351Template:±[3] 8.0 or 14.6[29] 31.4Template:±[15] 2020[23]
CWISEP J2256+4002 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367Template:± 32.0Template:± 2020[23]
WISEPA J1828+2650 ≥Y2 462Template:± or 480 + 340 binary[3] 3–8[7] 32.5Template:± 2011[13][14]
WISE J0336−0143 A Y0:[30] 460Template:± 8.5–18[31] 32.7Template:± 2012[11]
WISE J0336−0143 B[31] Y2.5Template:Efn (estimated) 285–305[32] 5–11.5 32.7Template:± 2023
WISEA J0830+2837 ≥Y1 (estimated) 345Template:±[3] 4−13[33] 32.9Template:±[34] 2020[33]
WISEU J0503−5648 ≥Y1 (estimated) 364Template:±[3] 33.2Template:± 2020[26]
WISE J2220−3628 Y0 452Template:± 8–20[7] 34.9Template:±[12] 2012[11]
CWISE J0925−4720 Y0 (estimated) 460Template:± ~35.0 2021[35]
CWISER J0216+4230 Y0 (estimated) 460Template:± ~35.2 2023[1]
WISEA J2243−1458 Y0 (estimated) 460Template:± 37.4Template:±[27] 2020[26]
WISE J1206+8401 Y0 472Template:±[3] 6−14[7] or 12−22[8] 38.5Template:± 2015[18]
CWISEP J0238−1332 ≥Y1 (estimated) 367Template:± 38.6Template:±[27] 2020[23]
CWISE J2351−7000 Y0 (estimated) 393Template:±[3] 29Template:±[3] 2020[26]
WISE J0359−5401 Y0 443Template:±[3] 12−22[8] or 13[16] 44.3Template:± 2012[11]
WISE J0734−7157 Y0 466Template:±[3] 9−20[7] 44.5Template:±[12] 2012[11]
WISE J0304−2705 Y0 pec 465Template:± 44.6Template:± 2014[36]
CWISEP J2011−4812 Y0 (estimated) 460Template:± 3.8Template:±[22] 46Template:± 2020[23]
CWISE J1811+6658 early-Y (estimated) 412Template:± 47Template:± 2023[1]
CWISEP J1935−1546A ≥Y1 (estimated) 367Template:± 12–39[37] 47Template:± 2019[38]
CWISEP J1935−1546B >Y1 (estimated) 360–420 7–24[37] 47Template:± 2025[37]
WISE J0535−7500 Y1[15] 496Template:± or 480 + 340 binary[3] 8−20[7] or 12+18[16] 47.5Template:± 2012[11]
CWISEP J0940+5233 ≥Y1 (estimated) 413Template:±[3] 2.8Template:±[22] 47.7Template:±[27] 2020[23]
CWISEP J1047+5457 Y1[15] 395Template:±[3] 20.6 or 15.9[29] or 1–3[34] 47.9Template:±[15] 2020[23]
CWISEP J0321+6932 Y0.5 (estimated) 412Template:± 48Template:± 2020[23]
WISEA J1257+7153 ≥Y1 (estimated) 382Template:±[3] 4.7Template:±[22] 48.2Template:±[27] 2020[26]
CWISEP J0938+0634 Y0 (estimated) 460Template:± 49.9Template:±[27] 2020[23]
CWISEP J2230+2549 ≥Y1 (estimated) 389Template:±[3] 52.4Template:±[27] 2020[23]
CWISEP J2356−4814 Y0.5 (estimated) 412Template:± 3.1Template:±[22] 52.6Template:±[27] 2020[23]
CWISEP J0634+5049 Y0 (estimated) 460Template:± 53Template:± 2020[23]
WISEA J1534−1043 esdY0–esdY2 (estimated)[39] 447Template:±[40] 53 ±4 2020[23]
WISEA J0302−5817 Y0: 460Template:± 55Template:± 2018[41]
CWISE J1531−3306 Y0 (estimated) 460Template:± ~55.4 2021[35]
CWISEP J0859+5349 Y0 (estimated) 460Template:± 56.3Template:±[27] 2020[23]
Ross 19 B sdY (estimated)[39] 460 ±79 15−40[42] 56.89Template:± 2021[42]
WISE 0226-0211 B T9.5 to Y0 (estimated) 511 ±79 57.9Template:± 2019[43]
14 Herculis c[44] Y3Template:Efn (estimated) 275 7.9Template:± 58.38Template:± 2021 (discovered) 2025 (imaging)
CWISEP J2355+3804 Y0 (estimate, might be T-dwarf)[23] 450Template:± 60Template:±[27] 2020[23]
WD 0806−661 B Y0[45] 377Template:± 7−9[7] 62.73Template:± 2011[46]
WISE J0146+4234 B Y0 411Template:±[3] 8−20[7] 63Template:± 2015[47]
CWISE J2227+2604 Y0 (estimated) 460Template:± ~65.2 2023[1]
CFBDSIR 1458+10 B[48] Y0 (estimated) 370Template:± 6–15 75.34Template:± 2011
CWISEP J1359-4352 Y0 (estimated) 472Template:± 79.4Template:±[27] 2020[23]
CWISEP J0156+3255 sdY (estimated) 125Template:± 2020/2024[23][39]
JADES-GS-BD-5 Y0-Y1[49] ~380[49] 457–620[49] 2024, shows proper motion[50]
JADES-GN-BD-8 sdY (estimated) 400–502 1076-2348 2025[51]
PANO-GS-BD-18 sdY (estimated) 487–511 1174–1500 2025[51]
Bullet-BD1 Y (estimated) 350Template:± 7-12 1402Template:± 2026[52] shows proper motion
JADES-GS-BD-8 sdY (estimated) 404–508[51] 1500–3066[51] 2024[50]
COSMOS-Web BD11 sdY0 (estimated) 750 2020 2025[53]
Capotauro ≥Y1 (estimated) 342Template:± 2020–2740 2025[54][51] shows proper motion[55]
MoM-239450 Y0 450–500 2283–2772 2026[49]
JADES-GS-BD-21 sdY (estimated) 340–507 2414–5871 2025[51]
JADES-GN-BD-5 sdY (estimated) 398–507 2707–3946 2025[51]
JADES-GN-BD-9 sdY (estimated) 441–524 2740–4827 2025[51]
JADES-GN-BD-16 sdY (estimated) 375–526 2838–5675 2025[51]
Bullet-BD2 Y (estimated) 410Template:± 12-22 2805Template:± 2026[52] shows proper motion
CEERS-EGS-BD-6 sdY (estimated) 600 3590 2024[50]
JADES-GS-BD-4 sdY (estimated) 483–545[51] 4175–5055[51] 2024[50]
CEERS-EGS-BD-7 sdY (estimated) 650 4240 2024[50]
COSMOS-Web BD16 sdY0 (estimated) 975 4650 2025[53]
JADES-GN-BD-11 sdY (estimated) 463–562 6817–10111 2025[51]

JADES-GN-BD-1 and JADES-GN-BD-3 were included as Y-dwarf candiates,[50] but were later found to be consistent with T-dwarfs.[51] Multiple candidate companions found via infrared excess around white dwarfs and one companion (MEAD 62B) were found. Infrared excess candidates can however also be debris disks and a companion can be a background galaxy. Spectroscopy and common proper motion are needed for a confident detection.[56][57] These are therefore not included, see List of exoplanets around white dwarfs for a list of candidates.

A large number of about 50 new candidate Y-dwarf were discovered with SPHEREx. These are only candidates and need confirmation.[58][59]

Notes

Template:Notelist

References

  1. ↑ Template:Cite web Cite error: <ref> tag with name "Mamajek Teff" defined in <references> is not used in prior text.
  2. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Template:Cite journal
  3. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  4. ↑ 3.00 3.01 3.02 3.03 3.04 3.05 3.06 3.07 3.08 3.09 3.10 3.11 3.12 3.13 3.14 3.15 3.16 3.17 3.18 3.19 3.20 3.21 3.22 3.23 3.24 3.25 3.26 Template:Cite journal
  5. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  6. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  7. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  8. ↑ 7.00 7.01 7.02 7.03 7.04 7.05 7.06 7.07 7.08 7.09 7.10 7.11 7.12 7.13 7.14 7.15 7.16 7.17 7.18 Template:Cite journal
  9. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 8.6 Template:Cite journal
  10. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  11. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  12. ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 11.3 11.4 11.5 11.6 Template:Cite journal
  13. ↑ 12.0 12.1 12.2 12.3 12.4 12.5 12.6 12.7 Template:Cite journal
  14. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 13.5 Template:Cite journal
  15. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 Template:Cite journal
  16. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 15.5 Template:Cite journal
  17. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 Template:Cite journal
  18. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  19. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 Template:Cite journal
  20. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  21. ↑ Template:Cite arXiv
  22. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  23. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 Template:Cite arXiv
  24. ↑ 23.00 23.01 23.02 23.03 23.04 23.05 23.06 23.07 23.08 23.09 23.10 23.11 23.12 23.13 23.14 23.15 23.16 23.17 23.18 Template:Cite journal
  25. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  26. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  27. ↑ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 Template:Cite journal
  28. ↑ 27.00 27.01 27.02 27.03 27.04 27.05 27.06 27.07 27.08 27.09 27.10 Template:Cite arXiv
  29. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  30. ↑ 29.0 29.1 Template:Cite journal
  31. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  32. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Template:Cite journal
  33. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  34. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Template:Cite journal
  35. ↑ 34.0 34.1 Template:Cite journal
  36. ↑ 35.0 35.1 Template:Cite journal
  37. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  38. ↑ 37.0 37.1 37.2 Template:Cite journal
  39. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  40. ↑ 39.0 39.1 39.2 Template:Cite journal
  41. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  42. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  43. ↑ 42.0 42.1 Template:Cite journal
  44. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  45. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  46. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  47. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  48. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  49. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  50. ↑ 49.0 49.1 49.2 49.3 Template:Citation
  51. ↑ 50.0 50.1 50.2 50.3 50.4 50.5 Template:Cite journal
  52. ↑ 51.00 51.01 51.02 51.03 51.04 51.05 51.06 51.07 51.08 51.09 51.10 51.11 51.12 Template:Cite journal
  53. ↑ 52.0 52.1 Template:Cite arXiv
  54. ↑ 53.0 53.1 Template:Cite journal
  55. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  56. ↑ Template:Cite arXiv
  57. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  58. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  59. ↑ Template:Cite arXiv
  60. ↑ Template:Cite web
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