Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3

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Template:Short description Template:Cs1 config Template:Use dmy dates Template:Infobox gene

Flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 (FMO3), also known as dimethylaniline monooxygenase [N-oxide-forming] 3 and trimethylamine monooxygenase, is a flavoprotein enzyme (Template:EC number) that in humans is encoded by the FMO3 gene.[1][2][3][4] This enzyme catalyzes the following chemical reaction, among others:[4]

trimethylamine + NADPH + H+ + O2 ⇌ trimethylamine N-oxide + NADP+ + H2O

FMO3 is the main flavin-containing monooxygenase isoenzyme that is expressed in the liver of adult humans.[4][5][6] The human FMO3 enzyme catalyzes several types of reactions, including: the Template:Nowrap of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines;[5][7] the Template:Nowrap of nucleophilic sulfur-containing compounds;[5][7] and the Template:Nowrap of the anti-cancer agent dimethylxanthenone acetic acid (DMXAA).[5][8]

FMO3 is the primary enzyme in humans which catalyzes the N-oxidation of trimethylamine into trimethylamine N-oxide;[4][6] FMO1 also does this, but to a much lesser extent than FMO3.[9][10] Genetic deficiencies of the FMO3 enzyme cause primary trimethylaminuria, also known as "fish odor syndrome".[4][11] FMO3 is also involved in the metabolism of many xenobiotics (i.e., exogenous compounds which are not normally present in the body),[5][6] such as the oxidative deamination of amphetamine.[5][12][13]

Ligands

List of human FMO3 substrates, inhibitors, inducers, and activators
FMO3 substrates FMO3 inhibitors FMO3 inducers FMO3 activators
Endogenous biomolecules
Notable exogenous xenobiotics
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Cancer

The FMO3 gene has been observed progressively downregulated in human papillomavirus-positive neoplastic keratinocytes derived from uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions at different levels of malignancy.[16] For this reason, FMO3 is likely to be associated with tumorigenesis and may be a potential prognostic marker for progression of uterine cervical preneoplastic lesions.[16]

See also

References

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Further reading

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Template:Dioxygenases Template:Nitrogenous transferases

  1. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  3. ↑ Template:Cite web
  4. ↑ 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.04 4.05 4.06 4.07 4.08 4.09 4.10 4.11 4.12 Template:Cite encyclopedia
  5. ↑ 5.00 5.01 5.02 5.03 5.04 5.05 5.06 5.07 5.08 5.09 5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 5.19 5.20 5.21 5.22 5.23 5.24 Template:Cite journal
    Table 5: N-containing drugs and xenobiotics oxygenated by FMO
    Table 6: S-containing drugs and xenobiotics oxygenated by FMO
    Table 7: FMO activities not involving S- or N-oxygenation
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 Template:Cite journal
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 Template:Cite journal
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 Template:Cite journal
  9. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  10. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  11. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  12. ↑ Template:Cite book
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 Template:Cite journal
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 Template:Cite journal
  15. ↑ Template:Cite encyclopedia
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 Template:Cite journal
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