C/1980 E1 (Bowell)

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Template:Short description Template:Infobox comet

C/1980 E1 is a non-periodic comet discovered by Edward L. G. Bowell on 11 February 1980 and which came closest to the Sun (perihelion) in March 1982. It is leaving the Solar System on a hyperbolic trajectory due to a close approach to Jupiter. In the 43 years since its discovery only 3 objects with higher eccentricities have been identified, 1I/ʻOumuamua (1.2), 2I/Borisov (3.35), and 3I/ATLAS (6.15).[1][2]

Overview

Before entering the inner Solar System for a 1982 perihelion passage, C/1980 E1 had a barycentric (epoch 1950-Jan-01) orbit with an aphelion of Template:Convert, and a period of approximately 7.1 million years.[3]

As the comet was approaching on 9 December 1980, it passed within 0.228 AU of Jupiter,[4] which accelerated the comet briefly giving an (epoch 1981-Jan-09) eccentricity of 1.066.[3][5][6] The comet came to perihelion on 12 March 1982,[4] when it had a velocity of Template:Convert with respect to the Sun. Since the epoch of 1977-Mar-04, C/1980 E1 has had a barycentric eccentricity greater than 1,[3] keeping it on a hyperbolic trajectory that will eject it from the Solar System. Objects in hyperbolic orbits have a negative semimajor axis, giving them a positive orbital energy. After leaving the Solar System, C/1980 E1 will have an interstellar velocity Template:Nowrap of 3.77 km/s.Template:Efn[7] The Minor Planet Center does not directly list a semimajor axis for this comet.[8] On 24 January 2022, C/2024 L5 (ATLAS) had a similar episode with Saturn, resulting in its ejection from the Solar System.[9]

The escape velocity from the Sun at Neptune's orbit is 7.7 km/s. By June 1995, the comet was passing Neptune's orbit at 30.1 AU from the Sun continuing its ejection trajectory at 8.6 km/s.[10] Since February 2008, the comet has been more than 50 AU from the Sun.[11]

C/1980 E1 distance and velocity compared to the Sun with a 300-year stepsize[12]
Date Sun distance
(AU) 		Velocity
wrt Sun
(km/s) 		Uncertainty
region
(3-sigma)
1682-03-12 Template:Convert 2.68 ± 7 million km
Perihelion Template:Convert 23.3 ± 1589 km
2282-03-12 Template:Convert 4.43 ± 5 million km

Emission of OH (hydroxide) was observed pre-perihelion while the comet was nearly 5 AU from the Sun.[13] CN (cyanide) was not detected until the comet was near perihelion. The comet nucleus was estimated to have a radius of several kilometers. The surface crust was probably a few meters thick.Template:Citation needed

Eccentricity vs time
Animation of C/1980 E1's orbit
Template:Legend2Template:·Template:Legend2Template:·Template:·Template:Legend2Template:·Template:Legend2Template:·Template:Legend2Template:·Template:Legend2

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See also

Notes

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References

  1. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  2. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Template:Cite web Solution using the Solar System Barycenter. Ephemeris Type:Elements and Center:@0 (To be outside planetary region, inbound epoch 1950 and outbound epoch 2050)
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Template:Cite web
  5. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  6. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  7. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  8. ↑ Template:Cite web
  9. ↑ Template:Cite journal
  10. ↑ Template:Cite web
  11. ↑ Template:Cite web
  12. ↑ Template:Cite web
  13. ↑ Template:Cite journal

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