Bulgarian conjugation

Template:Main Bulgarian conjugation is the creation of derived forms of a Bulgarian verb from its principal parts by inflection. It is affected by person, number, gender, tense, mood and voice. Bulgarian verbs are conventionally divided into three conjugations according to the thematic vowel they use in the present tense:

• 1st conjugation: verbs using the vowel е (/ɛ/).
• 2nd conjugation: verbs using the vowel и (/i/).
• 3rd conjugation: athematic verbs, stems end in а or я.

In a dictionary, Bulgarian verbs are listed with their first-person-singular-present-tense form, due to the lack of an infinitive. This form is called the citation form.

Bulgarian verbs are conjugated using the formula:

$\mathrm{v}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{b}\mathrm{f}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{r}\mathrm{m}=\text{stem}+\text{thematic vowel}+\text{inflectional suffix}$

where thematic vowel and inflection suffix are only optional. The stem of the verb is what is left of the citation form after removing its final letter. Sometimes in the course of conjugation, the stem may undergo some alterations. In this article, any alteration of the stem is coloured in blue, the thematic vowels are coloured in red, and the inflectional endings in green.

Inflectional suffixes

Personal endings

Below are the endings for all finite forms:

Tense/Mood	Conjugation	Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Present	First	-a (/ɐ/1 or /ɤ/2) -я (/jɐ/1 or /jɤ/2) -м3 (/m/)	-ш (/ʃ/)	-∅	-м (/m/)	-те (/t̪ɛ/)	-ат (/ɐt̪/1 or /ɤt̪/2) -ят (/jɐt̪/1 or /jɤt̪/2)
	Second
	Third	-м (/m/)			-ме (/mɛ/)		-т (/t̪/)
Past Imperfect	All three	-х (/x/)	-ше (/ʃɛ/)		-хме (/xmɛ/)	-хте (/xt̪ɛ/)	-ха (/xɐ/)
Past Aorist			-∅
Imperative	All three	-	-∅	-	-	-те (/t̪ɛ/)	-

¹ When unstressed.

² When stressed.

³ Only some irregular first conjugation verbs.

Non-finite form endings

These are the endings for the non-finite forms:

	Indefinite				Definite
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural	Masculine subject form	Masculine object form	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
Present Active Participle	-щ Template:IPA	-ща Template:IPA	-що Template:IPA	-щи Template:IPA	-щият Template:IPA	-щия Template:IPA	-щата Template:IPA	-щото Template:IPA	-щите Template:IPA
Past Active Aorist Participle	-л Template:IPA	-ла Template:IPA	-ло Template:IPA	-ли Template:IPA	-лият Template:IPA	-лия Template:IPA	-лата Template:IPA	-лото Template:IPA	-лите Template:IPA
Past Active Imperfect Participle					-	-	-	-	-
Past Passive Participle	-н Template:IPA -т Template:IPA	-на Template:IPA -та Template:IPA	-но Template:IPA -то Template:IPA	-ни Template:IPA -ти Template:IPA	-ният Template:IPA -тият Template:IPA	-ния Template:IPA -тия Template:IPA	-ната Template:IPA -тата Template:IPA	-ното Template:IPA -тото Template:IPA	-ните Template:IPA -тите Template:IPA
Verbal noun	-	-	-не Template:IPA	-ния Template:IPA -нета Template:IPA	-	-	-	-нето Template:IPA	-нията Template:IPA -нетата Template:IPA
Adverbial participle	-йки Template:IPA

Thematic vowels

Below is a table of the thematic vowels. They are inserted between the stem and the ending.

Tense/Mood	First							Second			Third
	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th	6th	7th	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd
Present	е (/ɛ/)							и (/i/)			∅
Past Imperfect	Yat vowel: я (/ja/), а (/a/), or е (/ɛ/)
Past Aorist	о (/o̝/) е (/ɛ/)	а (/ɐ/ or /a/)			Yat: я (/ja/)	я (/jɐ/ or /ja/)	∅	и (/i/)	Yat: я (/ja/)	а (/a/)
Imperative	и (/i/), е (/ɛ/), й (/j/)										й (/j/)

Finite forms

Present Tense

First conjugation

Verbs from the first conjugation use the thematic vowel е (/ɛ/) between the stem and the personal endings, except in first person singular and third person plural, where the endings are added directly to the stem.

All verbs with citation forms ending in а use the endings -а and -ат in first person singular and third person plural respectively.

Citation form	Stem	Present Tense
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
чета Template:IPA	чет- Template:IPA	чета* Template:IPA	четеш Template:IPA	чете Template:IPA	четем Template:IPA	четете Template:IPA	четат* Template:IPA
пиша Template:IPA	пиш- Template:IPA	пиша Template:IPA	пишеш Template:IPA	пише Template:IPA	пишем Template:IPA	пишете Template:IPA	пишат Template:IPA

* Notice that the endings -а and -ат when stressed are pronounced /ɤ/ and /ɤt̪/, not /a/, /at̪/.

All verbs with stems ending in a vowel use the endings -я and -ят in first person singular and third person plural respectively.

Citation form	Stem	Present Tense
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
пея Template:IPA	пе- Template:IPA	пея Template:IPA	пееш Template:IPA	пее Template:IPA	пеем Template:IPA	пеете Template:IPA	пеят Template:IPA
играя Template:IPA	игра- Template:IPA	играя Template:IPA	играеш Template:IPA	играе Template:IPA	играем Template:IPA	играете Template:IPA	играят Template:IPA

All verbs with citation forms ending in я also use the endings -я and -ят in first person singular and third person plural.

Citation form	Stem	Present Tense
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
къпя Template:IPA	къп- Template:IPA	къпя Template:IPA	къпеш Template:IPA	къпе Template:IPA	къпем Template:IPA	къпете Template:IPA	къпят Template:IPA
дремя Template:IPA	дрем- Template:IPA	дремя Template:IPA	дремеш Template:IPA	дреме Template:IPA	дремем Template:IPA	дремете Template:IPA	дремят Template:IPA

All verbs with stems ending in -к (/k/) or -г (/g/) change to -ч (/tʃ/) and -ж (/ʒ/) respectively, before the thematic vowel е. This change is not limited solely to the present tense and happens always before /i/, /ɛ/ and the yat vowel.

Citation form	Stem	Present Tense
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
пека Template:IPA	пек- Template:IPA	пека Template:IPA	печеш Template:IPA	пече Template:IPA	печем Template:IPA	печете Template:IPA	пекат Template:IPA
мога Template:IPA	мог- Template:IPA	мога Template:IPA	можеш Template:IPA	може Template:IPA	можем Template:IPA	можете Template:IPA	могат Template:IPA

Second conjugation

Verbs from the second conjugation use the thematic vowel и (/i/) between the stem and the personal endings, except in first person singular and third person plural, where the endings are added directly to the stem.

All verbs with stems not ending in -ж (/ʒ/), -ч (/tʃ/) or -ш (/ʃ/) use the endings -я and -ят in first person singular and third person plural.

Citation form	Stem	Present Tense
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
говоря Template:IPA	говор- Template:IPA	говоря Template:IPA	говориш Template:IPA	говори Template:IPA	говорим Template:IPA	говорите Template:IPA	говорят Template:IPA
вървя Template:IPA	върв- Template:IPA	вървя* Template:IPA	вървиш Template:IPA	върви Template:IPA	вървим Template:IPA	вървите Template:IPA	вървят* Template:IPA
стоя Template:IPA	сто- Template:IPA	стоя* Template:IPA	стоиш Template:IPA	стои Template:IPA	стоим Template:IPA	стоите Template:IPA	стоят* Template:IPA

* Notice that the endings -я and -ят when stressed are pronounced /jɤ/ and /jɤt̪/, not /ja/, /jat̪/.

All verbs with stems ending in -ж (/ʒ/), -ч (/tʃ/) or -ш (/ʃ/) use the endings -а and -ат in first person singular and third person plural.

Citation form	Stem	Present Tense
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
движа Template:IPA	движ- Template:IPA	движа Template:IPA	движиш Template:IPA	движи Template:IPA	движим Template:IPA	движите Template:IPA	движат Template:IPA
мълча Template:IPA	мълч- Template:IPA	мълча* Template:IPA	мълчиш Template:IPA	мълчи Template:IPA	мълчим Template:IPA	мълчите Template:IPA	мълчат* Template:IPA

* Notice that the endings -а and -ат when stressed are pronounced /ɤ/ and /ɤt̪/, not /a/, /at̪/.

Third conjugation

Strictly speaking, verbs from the third conjugation are athematic, because the personal endings are added directly to the stem with no thematic vowel in between. It may seem that the vowel а (/ə/) is inserted between them, but that vowel is actually part of the stem. All verbs have stems ending in either а or я.

Citation form	Stem	Present Tense
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
искам Template:IPA	иска- Template:IPA	искам Template:IPA	искаш Template:IPA	иска Template:IPA	искаме Template:IPA	искате Template:IPA	искат Template:IPA
стрелям Template:IPA	стреля- Template:IPA	стрелям Template:IPA	стреляш Template:IPA	стреля Template:IPA	стреляме Template:IPA	стреляте Template:IPA	стрелят Template:IPA

Past Imperfect

The past imperfect always follows the stress patterns of the present tense.

First and second conjugation

These verbs use the old yat vowel between the stem and the personal endings. When stressed, it is pronounced as /ja/ (written я) or /a/ (written а) after /ʒ/, /tʃ/ and /ʃ/. When unstressed, it is pronounced as /ɛ/ (written е). In second and third person singular it is always pronounced as /ɛ/.

Citation form	Stem	Past Imperfect
		Stressed yat vowel
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
чета Template:IPA	чет- Template:IPA	четях Template:IPA	четеше Template:IPA	четеше Template:IPA	четяхме Template:IPA	четяхте Template:IPA	четяха Template:IPA
вървя Template:IPA	върв- Template:IPA	вървях Template:IPA	вървеше Template:IPA	вървеше Template:IPA	вървяхме Template:IPA	вървяхте Template:IPA	вървяха Template:IPA
пека Template:IPA	пек- Template:IPA	печах* Template:IPA	печеше* Template:IPA	печеше* Template:IPA	печахме* Template:IPA	печахте* Template:IPA	печаха* Template:IPA
мълча Template:IPA	мълч- Template:IPA	мълчах Template:IPA	мълчеше Template:IPA	мълчеше Template:IPA	мълчахме Template:IPA	мълчахте Template:IPA	мълчаха Template:IPA

Citation form	Stem	Past Imperfect
		Unstressed yat vowel
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
пиша Template:IPA	пиш- Template:IPA	пишех Template:IPA	пишеше Template:IPA	пишеше Template:IPA	пишехме Template:IPA	пишехте Template:IPA	пишеха Template:IPA
говоря Template:IPA	говор- Template:IPA	говорех Template:IPA	говореше Template:IPA	говореше Template:IPA	говорехме Template:IPA	говорехте Template:IPA	говореха Template:IPA
мога Template:IPA	мог- Template:IPA	можех* Template:IPA	можеше* Template:IPA	можеше* Template:IPA	можехме* Template:IPA	можехте* Template:IPA	можеха* Template:IPA
движа Template:IPA	движ- Template:IPA	движех Template:IPA	движеше Template:IPA	движеше Template:IPA	движехме Template:IPA	движехте Template:IPA	движеха Template:IPA

* The consonants к (/k/) and г (/g/) change to ч (/tʃ/) and ж (/ʒ/) before the front vowels е (/ɛ/) and и (/i/).

Additionally, after ж (/ʒ/), ч (/tʃ/) and ш (/ʃ/) the stressed yat vowel can be pronounced either as /a/ (as above) or as /ɛ/. The latter forms have fallen largely into disuse.

Citation form	Stem	Past Imperfect
		Stressed yat vowel
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
пека Template:IPA	пек- Template:IPA	печех Template:IPA	печеше Template:IPA	печеше Template:IPA	печехме Template:IPA	печехте Template:IPA	печеха Template:IPA
мълча Template:IPA	мълч- Template:IPA	мълчех Template:IPA	мълчеше Template:IPA	мълчеше Template:IPA	мълчехме Template:IPA	мълчехте Template:IPA	мълчеха Template:IPA

Third conjugation

Verbs from the third conjugation use no thematic vowel, the endings are added directly to the stem.

Citation form	Stem	Past Imperfect
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
искам Template:IPA	иска- Template:IPA	исках Template:IPA	искаше Template:IPA	искаше Template:IPA	искахме Template:IPA	искахте Template:IPA	искаха Template:IPA
стрелям Template:IPA	стреля- Template:IPA	стрелях Template:IPA	стреляше Template:IPA	стреляше Template:IPA	стреляхме Template:IPA	стреляхте Template:IPA	стреляха Template:IPA

Past Aorist

In the first and second conjugation, verbs are additionally divided into classes according to the thematic vowel they use. In the third conjugation, verbs are divided into classes according to the final vowel of the stem.

Stress

Verbs with stress on the stem can keep it there or move it to the thematic vowel (or the final vowel of the stem in the case of the athematic third conjugation verbs). However, this shift can only happen if the verb is unprefixed or if it is imperfective. Forms with unshifted stress are usually typical for the eastern dialects and forms with shifted stress for the western dialects. However, the latter forms have become stylistically marked as dialectal and should be avoided and used only to distinguish otherwise homonymous forms.

Prefixed perfective verbs with stress on the stem do not change it.

Verbs with stress on the thematic vowel keep it there with the exception of first conjugation verbs of the first class and a few others.

First conjugation

First class

These verbs have the vowel о (/o̝/) or е (/ɛ/) in second and third person singular between the stem and the personal endings. The stems of these verbs end in д (/d̪/), т (/t̪/), с (/s/), з (/z/) and к (/k/). This class contains only 23 main verbs, which, however, are some of the most frequently used and there are hundreds of prefixed verbs formed from them:

бодá, (съ-)блекá, бъ́да*, (до-)ведá, влекá, дам*, до́йда*, кладá, крадá, (в-)ля́за, метá, (в-)несá, пасá, пекá, плетá, предá, растá*, рекá, секá, текá, тресá, четá, ям*

*These verbs are irregular but are considered part of the first class because in the aorist they behave just like the regular ones.

Although the stem of the verb тъка ends in к (/k/), it is not part of this class, it belongs to the next one.

An important feature of regular verbs from the first class is that the stress always moves on the last syllable of the stem (unless it is already there). This stress position is kept in the past active aorist participle, the past passive participle and the verbal noun.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
крада Template:IPA	крад- Template:IPA	крадох Template:IPA	краде Template:IPA	краде Template:IPA	крадохме Template:IPA	крадохте Template:IPA	крадоха Template:IPA
чета Template:IPA	чет- Template:IPA	четох Template:IPA	чете Template:IPA	чете Template:IPA	четохме Template:IPA	четохте Template:IPA	четоха Template:IPA
треса Template:IPA	трес- Template:IPA	тресох Template:IPA	тресе Template:IPA	тресе Template:IPA	тресохме Template:IPA	тресохте Template:IPA	тресоха Template:IPA
пека Template:IPA	пек- Template:IPA	пекох Template:IPA	пече* Template:IPA	пече* Template:IPA	пекохме Template:IPA	пекохте Template:IPA	пекоха Template:IPA

* The consonant к (/k/) changes to ч (/tʃ/) before the front vowel е (/ɛ/).

The verbs (съ-)блекá, влекá, (в-)ля́за and секá have the old yat vowel in the stem, which alternates between я (/ja/) and е (/ɛ/) according to the pronunciation in the eastern dialects.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
вляза Template:IPA	вляз- Template:IPA	влязох Template:IPA	влезе Template:IPA	влезе Template:IPA	влязохме Template:IPA	влязохте Template:IPA	влязоха Template:IPA
сека Template:IPA	сек- Template:IPA	сякох Template:IPA	сече Template:IPA	сече Template:IPA	сякохме Template:IPA	сякохте Template:IPA	сякоха Template:IPA

Second class

These verbs use the thematic vowel а (/a/ or /ə/) between the stem and the personal endings. The stems of these verbs end in a consonant different from ж /ʒ/, ч /tʃ/, ш /ʃ/, д (/d̪/), т (/t̪/), с (/s/), з (/z/) or к (/k/), and their citation forms end in а. This class contains over 400 main verbs.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
легна Template:IPA	легн- Template:IPA	легнах Template:IPA Template:IPA*	легна Template:IPA Template:IPA*	легна Template:IPA Template:IPA*	легнахме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	легнахте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	легнаха Template:IPA Template:IPA*
рева Template:IPA	рев- Template:IPA	ревах Template:IPA	рева Template:IPA	рева Template:IPA	ревахме Template:IPA	ревахте Template:IPA	реваха Template:IPA

* Notice the stress shift as mentioned above.

Stems ending in -ер (/ɛr/), such as бера, пера and дера, lose the е (/ɛ/):

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
пера Template:IPA	пер- Template:IPA	прах Template:IPA	пра Template:IPA	пра Template:IPA	прахме Template:IPA	прахте Template:IPA	праха Template:IPA

In the verbs греба and гриза the stress moves to the stem. This is so because they used to belong to the first class.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
греба Template:IPA	греб- Template:IPA	гребах Template:IPA	греба Template:IPA	греба Template:IPA	гребахме Template:IPA	гребахте Template:IPA	гребаха Template:IPA
гриза Template:IPA	гриз- Template:IPA	гризах Template:IPA	гриза Template:IPA	гриза Template:IPA	гризахме Template:IPA	гризахте Template:IPA	гризаха Template:IPA

Third class

These verbs also use the thematic vowel а (/a/ or /ə/). This class is almost identical to the previous one, the only difference is that the citation form ends in я. It contains 23 main verbs:

бъ́бля*, бъ́бря*, бъ́хтя*, дре́мя, дъ́дря*, зо́бя*, ка́пя, кле́пя*, къ́кря*, къ́пя, мъ́мля*, мъ́мря*, пъ́пля*, си́пя, ску́бя, трепе́ря*, тре́пя, тъ́тря*, фъ́фля*, ха́пя, хъ́хря*, цъ́цря*, щипя

* These verbs have moved to the first class of the second conjugation due to analogy. First-conjugation forms can still be found, but are considered old-fashioned.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
къпя Template:IPA	къп- Template:IPA	къпах Template:IPA Template:IPA*	къпа Template:IPA Template:IPA*	къпа Template:IPA Template:IPA*	къпахме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	къпахте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	къпаха Template:IPA Template:IPA*
треперя Template:IPA	трепер- Template:IPA	треперах Template:IPA Template:IPA*	трепера Template:IPA Template:IPA*	трепера Template:IPA Template:IPA*	треперахме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	треперахте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	трепераха Template:IPA Template:IPA*

* Notice the stress shift as mentioned above.

The verb дремя contains the yat vowel which alternates between я (/ja/) and е (/ɛ/):

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
дремя Template:IPA	дрем- Template:IPA	дрямах Template:IPA дремах Template:IPA	дряма Template:IPA дрема Template:IPA	дряма Template:IPA дрема Template:IPA	дрямахме Template:IPA дремахме Template:IPA	дрямахте Template:IPA дремахте Template:IPA	дрямаха Template:IPA дремаха Template:IPA

Fourth class

These verbs use the vowel а (/a/ or /ə/) between the stem and the personal endings. The stems of these verbs end in one of the consonants ж /ʒ/, ч /tʃ/ or ш /ʃ/, which in the aorist change to з/г (/z,g/), k (/k/) and с (/s/) respectively. This class contains 27 main verbs:

Change from /ʒ/ to /z/: бли́жа, въ́ржа, ка́жа, ли́жа, ма́жа, ни́жа, ре́жа, хари́жа

Change from /ʒ/ to /g/: лъ́жа, стри́жа, стъ́ржа

Change from /tʃ/ to /k/: ба́уча, дъ́вча, мя́уча, пла́ча, сму́ча, су́ча, тъ́пча

Change from /ʃ/ to /s/: бри́ша, бъ́рша, мири́ша, (о-)па́ша, пи́ша, ре́ша*, уйди́ша, уйдурди́ша, че́ша

* реша also belongs to the second conjugation.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
кажа Template:IPA	каж- Template:IPA	казах Template:IPA Template:IPA*	каза Template:IPA Template:IPA*	каза Template:IPA Template:IPA*	казахме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	казахте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	казаха Template:IPA Template:IPA
лъжа Template:IPA	лъж- Template:IPA	лъгах Template:IPA Template:IPA*	лъга Template:IPA Template:IPA*	лъга Template:IPA Template:IPA*	лъгахме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	лъгахте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	лъгаха Template:IPA Template:IPA
плача Template:IPA	плач- Template:IPA	плаках Template:IPA Template:IPA*	плака Template:IPA Template:IPA*	плака Template:IPA Template:IPA*	плакахме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	плакахте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	плакаха Template:IPA Template:IPA
пиша Template:IPA	пиш- Template:IPA	писах Template:IPA Template:IPA*	писа Template:IPA Template:IPA*	писа Template:IPA Template:IPA*	писахме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	писахте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	писаха Template:IPA Template:IPA

* Notice the stress shift as mentioned above.

The verb режа has the yat vowel, which alternates between я (/ja/) and е (/ɛ/).

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
режа Template:IPA	реж- Template:IPA	рязах Template:IPA резах Template:IPA	ряза Template:IPA реза Template:IPA	ряза Template:IPA реза Template:IPA	рязахме Template:IPA резахме Template:IPA	рязахте Template:IPA резахте Template:IPA	рязаха Template:IPA резаха Template:IPA

The verbs глождя (глозгах), дращя (драсках) and пощя (посках) used to belong to this class but now have completely migrated to the second conjugation.

Fifth class

This class uses the yat vowel between the stem and the personal endings. It is consistently pronounced as я (/ja/) in all forms. The stems of these verbs end in a consonant + р (/r/), except for the defective verb ща. This is the smallest class, containing only 6 main verbs:

вра, зра, мра, (с-)пра́, простра́, ща

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
спра Template:IPA	спр- Template:IPA	спрях Template:IPA	спря Template:IPA	спря Template:IPA	спряхме Template:IPA	спряхте Template:IPA	спряха Template:IPA
простра Template:IPA	простр- Template:IPA	прострях Template:IPA	простря Template:IPA	простря Template:IPA	простряхме Template:IPA	простряхте Template:IPA	простряха Template:IPA

Sixth class

This class uses the thematic vowel я (/ja/ or /jə/). The class contains a small number of verbs, whose stems end in the vowels а (/a/) or е (/ɛ/):

але́я, ба́я, бле́я, ва́я, ве́я, зе́я, зна́я*, ка́я се, (на-)кле́я, кре́я, ла́я, ма́я се, наде́я се, неха́я, отча́я се, ре́я се, тра́я, шля́я се

* Verbs derived from зная by prefixation belong to the seventh class.

Some verbs belong both to this and to the next class. Some examples are: вея, блея, рея, шляя се, etc.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
зея Template:IPA	зе- Template:IPA	зеях Template:IPA Template:IPA*	зея Template:IPA Template:IPA*	зея Template:IPA Template:IPA*	зеяхме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	зеяхте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	зеяха Template:IPA Template:IPA
трая Template:IPA	тра- Template:IPA	траях Template:IPA Template:IPA*	трая Template:IPA Template:IPA*	трая Template:IPA Template:IPA*	траяхме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	траяхте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	траяха Template:IPA Template:IPA

* Notice the stress shift as mentioned above.

Seventh class

These verbs do not use any thematic vowel. The personal endings are added directly to the stem, which almost always ends in a vowel, either а (/a/), я (/ja/), е (/ɛ/), и (/i/), у (/u/) or ю (/ju/). This class contains over 250 main verbs, some of which are:

Stems in /a/ or /ja/ : веща́я, вита́я, влия́я, гада́я, жела́я, (по-)зна́я, игра́я, копа́я, мечта́я, обеща́я, сия́я, скуча́я, четра́я, etc.

Stems in /ɛ/ : венче́я, възмъже́я, върше́я, гре́я, дебеле́я, живе́я, ле́я, пе́я, се́я, тъмне́я, etc.

Stems in /i/ (only 9 main verbs) : би́я, ви́я, гни́я, кри́я, ми́я, пи́я, ри́я, три́я, ши́я.

Stems in /u/ or /ju/ (only 6 main verbs) : (на-)ду́я, плу́я, плю́я, (об-)у́я, (на-)хлу́я, чу́я.

All stems ending in /ɛ/ actually end in the old yat vowel which is pronounced as я (/ja/) or а (/a/) after /ʒ/, /tʃ/ and /ʃ/ in all aorist forms.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
играя Template:IPA	игра- Template:IPA	играх Template:IPA	игра Template:IPA	игра Template:IPA	играхме Template:IPA	играхте Template:IPA	играха Template:IPA
пея Template:IPA	пе- Template:IPA	пях Template:IPA	пя Template:IPA	пя Template:IPA	пяхме Template:IPA	пяхте Template:IPA	пяха Template:IPA
вършея Template:IPA	върше- Template:IPA	вършах Template:IPA	върша Template:IPA	върша Template:IPA	вършахме Template:IPA	вършахте Template:IPA	вършаха Template:IPA
пия Template:IPA	пи- Template:IPA	пих Template:IPA	пи Template:IPA	пи Template:IPA	пихме Template:IPA	пихте Template:IPA	пиха Template:IPA
чуя Template:IPA	чу- Template:IPA	чух Template:IPA	чу Template:IPA	чу Template:IPA	чухме Template:IPA	чухте Template:IPA	чуха Template:IPA

Stems ending in -ем (/ɛm/) are also considered to belong in this class since they do not use a thematic vowel. They are a special case because the stem loses the м (/m/) before adding the personal endings.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
взема Template:IPA	взем- Template:IPA	взех Template:IPA	взе Template:IPA	взе Template:IPA	взехме Template:IPA	взехте Template:IPA	взеха Template:IPA
наема Template:IPA	наем- Template:IPA	наех Template:IPA	нае Template:IPA	нае Template:IPA	наехме Template:IPA	наехте Template:IPA	наеха Template:IPA

Second conjugation

First class

These verbs use the vowel и (/i/) between the stem and the personal endings. There are both stems ending in a consonant and stems ending in a vowel. The vast majority of the verbs from second conjugation belong to this class.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
платя Template:IPA	плат- Template:IPA	платих Template:IPA	плати Template:IPA	плати Template:IPA	платихме Template:IPA	платихте Template:IPA	платиха Template:IPA
говоря Template:IPA	говор- Template:IPA	говорих Template:IPA Template:IPA*	говори Template:IPA Template:IPA*	говори Template:IPA Template:IPA*	говорихме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	говорихте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	говориха Template:IPA Template:IPA*
строя Template:IPA	стро- Template:IPA	строих Template:IPA	строи Template:IPA	строи Template:IPA	строихме Template:IPA	строихте Template:IPA	строиха Template:IPA
реша Template:IPA	реш- Template:IPA	реших Template:IPA	реши Template:IPA	реши Template:IPA	решихме Template:IPA	решихте Template:IPA	решиха Template:IPA
движа Template:IPA	движ- Template:IPA	движих Template:IPA Template:IPA*	движи Template:IPA Template:IPA*	движи Template:IPA Template:IPA*	движихме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	движихте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	движиха Template:IPA Template:IPA*

* Notice the double stress pattern as mentioned above.

Second class

These verbs use the old yat vowel between the stem and the personal endings. It is consistently pronounces as я (/ja/) in all forms. The majority of the stems end in a consonant (different from ж /ʒ/, ч /tʃ/ or ш /ʃ/) but there a few ending in a vowel. These verbs are characterized by the fact that the stress always falls on the thematic vowel across all forms, not exclusively in the aorist. This class contains 76 main verbs.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
вървя Template:IPA	върв- Template:IPA	вървях Template:IPA	вървя Template:IPA	вървя Template:IPA	вървяхме Template:IPA	вървяхте Template:IPA	вървяха Template:IPA
стоя Template:IPA	сто- Template:IPA	стоях Template:IPA	стоя Template:IPA	стоя Template:IPA	стояхме Template:IPA	стояхте Template:IPA	стояха Template:IPA

Third class

These verbs use the vowel а (/a/) between the personal endings and the stem, which always ends in ж /ʒ/ or ч /tʃ/. The stress is always on the thematic vowel in all forms, just as in the previous class. The class contains 27 main verbs:

бръмча́, буча́, гълча́, гъмжа́, дрънча́, държа́, еча́, жужа́, журча́, звуча́, квича́, клеча́, лежа́, лича́, мижа́, муча́, мълча́, руча́, ръмжа́, стърча́, тежа́, търча́, фуча́, хвърча́, хуча́, цвърча́.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
лежа Template:IPA	леж- Template:IPA	лежах Template:IPA	лежа Template:IPA	лежа Template:IPA	лежахме Template:IPA	лежахте Template:IPA	лежаха Template:IPA
мълч Template:IPA	мълч- Template:IPA	мълчах Template:IPA	мълча Template:IPA	мълча Template:IPA	мълчахме Template:IPA	мълчахте Template:IPA	мълчаха Template:IPA

Third conjugation

All verbs conjugate in the same fashion (without a thematic vowel, simply by adding the personal endings directly to the stem), nevertheless, Bulgarian grammar books divide them into two classes, depending on the final vowel of the stem.

First class

These are stems ending in а (/a/). The vast majority of third conjugation verbs belong to this class.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
гледам Template:IPA	гледа- Template:IPA	гледах Template:IPA Template:IPA*	гледа Template:IPA Template:IPA*	гледа Template:IPA Template:IPA*	гледахме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	гледахте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	гледаха Template:IPA Template:IPA*
искам Template:IPA	иска- Template:IPA	исках Template:IPA Template:IPA*	иска Template:IPA Template:IPA*	иска Template:IPA Template:IPA*	искахме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	искахте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	искаха Template:IPA Template:IPA*

* Notice the stress shift as explained above.

Second class

The stems of these verbs end in я (/ja/). This class is much smaller compared to the first one.

Citation form	Stem	Past Aorist
		Singular			Plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
вечерям Template:IPA	вечеря- Template:IPA	вечерях Template:IPA Template:IPA*	вечеря Template:IPA Template:IPA*	вечеря Template:IPA Template:IPA*	вечеряхме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	вечеряхте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	вечеряха Template:IPA Template:IPA*
стрелям Template:IPA	стреля- Template:IPA	стрелях Template:IPA Template:IPA*	стреля Template:IPA Template:IPA*	стреля Template:IPA Template:IPA*	стреляхме Template:IPA Template:IPA*	стреляхте Template:IPA Template:IPA*	стреляха Template:IPA Template:IPA*

* Notice the stress shift as explained above.

Imperative mood

Inflected imperative forms exist only for the second person. The other persons use periphrastic constructions. All regular verbs, regardless of conjugation, form the imperative mood in the same way:

• Stems ending in a vowel (which include all third-conjugation verbs) use the thematic (semi)vowel й (/j/) between the stem and the personal endings. These verbs usually do not have a stress shift, they keep the stress of the present tense, unless it is on the thematic vowel, in which case it moves on the preceding syllable, since /j/ is not a vowel and cannot be stressed.
• Stems ending in a consonant use the thematic vowel и (/i/) in the singular form and the vowel е (/ɛ/) in the plural form. The stress is always on the thematic vowel.

Conjugation	Citation form	Stem	Imperative mood
			Second person
			Singular	Plural
First	пиша Template:IPA	пиш- Template:IPA	пиши Template:IPA	пишете Template:IPA
	пея Template:IPA	пе- Template:IPA	пей Template:IPA	пейте Template:IPA
Second	говоря Template:IPA	говор- Template:IPA	говори Template:IPA	говорете Template:IPA
	стоя Template:IPA	сто- Template:IPA	стой Template:IPA	стойте Template:IPA
Third	искам Template:IPA	иска- Template:IPA	искай Template:IPA	искайте Template:IPA
	стрелям Template:IPA	стреля- Template:IPA	стреляй Template:IPA	стреляйте Template:IPA

Some verbs, most notably stems ending in з (/z/) from the first class of the first conjugation, and a few other frequently used ones, use only the bare stem without a thematic vowel:

Citation form	Stem	Imperative mood
		Second person
		Singular	Plural
вляза Template:IPA	вляз- Template:IPA	влез* Template:IPA	влезте* Template:IPA
държа Template:IPA	държ- Template:IPA	дръж Template:IPA	дръжте Template:IPA

* The yat vowel changes to е (/ɛ/).

Non-finite forms

Present Active Participle

Only imperfective verbs have a present active participle. It is formed from the first-person-singular-past-imperfect form of the verb by removing the final х (/x/) and adding щ (/ʃt̪/). It is inflected as a regular adjective (see the endings).

1st person singular past imperfect	Present Active Participle
	Indefinite				Definite
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural	Masculine subject form	Masculine object form	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
четях Template:IPA	четящ Template:IPA	четяща Template:IPA	четящо Template:IPA	четящи* Template:IPA	четящият* Template:IPA	четящия* Template:IPA	четящата Template:IPA	четящото Template:IPA	четящите* Template:IPA
говорех Template:IPA	говорещ Template:IPA	говореща Template:IPA	говорещо Template:IPA	говорещи Template:IPA	говорещият Template:IPA	говорещия Template:IPA	говорещата Template:IPA	говорещото Template:IPA	говорещите Template:IPA
печах Template:IPA печех Template:IPA	печащ Template:IPA печещ Template:IPA	печаща Template:IPA печеща Template:IPA	печащо Template:IPA печещо Template:IPA	печащи* Template:IPA печещи Template:IPA	печащият* Template:IPA печещият Template:IPA	печащия* Template:IPA печещия Template:IPA	печащата Template:IPA печещата Template:IPA	печащото Template:IPA печещото Template:IPA	печащите* Template:IPA печещите Template:IPA
исках Template:IPA	искащ Template:IPA	искаща Template:IPA	искащо Template:IPA	искащи Template:IPA	искащият Template:IPA	искащия Template:IPA	искащата Template:IPA	искащото Template:IPA	искащите Template:IPA

* Although the yat vowel is followed by a syllable containing и (/i/), it is not pronounced as е (/ɛ/).

Past Active Aorist Participle

It is formed from the first-person-singular-past-aorist form of the verb by removing the final х (/x/) and adding л (/ɫ/), after that it is inflected as an adjective (see the endings). Only verbs from the first class of the first conjugation form it somewhat differently: the thematic vowel о (/o̝/) is removed and the л (/ɫ/) is added directly to the stem with some additional changes, namely:

• Stems ending in д (/d̪/) and т (/t̪/) lose them;
• Stems ending in с (/s/), з (/z/) and к (/k/) have an epenthetic ъ (/ə/) between the stem and the л (/ɫ/) in the masculine indefinite form (it is absent in all the other forms).

The past active aorist participle keeps the stress of the past aorist, either shifted or not.

Conjugation	Class	1st person singular past aorist	Past Active Aorist Participle
			Indefinite				Definite
			Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural	Masculine subject form	Masculine object form	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
First	1st	четох Template:IPA	чел Template:IPA	чела Template:IPA	чело Template:IPA	чели Template:IPA	челият Template:IPA	челия Template:IPA	челата Template:IPA	челото Template:IPA	челите Template:IPA
		тресох Template:IPA	тресъл Template:IPA	тресла Template:IPA	тресло Template:IPA	тресли Template:IPA	треслият Template:IPA	треслия Template:IPA	треслата Template:IPA	треслото Template:IPA	треслите Template:IPA
		сякох Template:IPA	сякъл Template:IPA	сякла Template:IPA	сякло Template:IPA	секли1 Template:IPA	секлият1 Template:IPA	секлия1 Template:IPA	сяклата Template:IPA	сяклото Template:IPA	секлите1 Template:IPA
	2nd	легнах Template:IPA Template:IPA	легнал Template:IPA Template:IPA	легнала Template:IPA Template:IPA	легнало Template:IPA Template:IPA	легнали Template:IPA Template:IPA	легналият Template:IPA Template:IPA	легналия Template:IPA Template:IPA	легналата Template:IPA Template:IPA	легналото Template:IPA Template:IPA	легналите Template:IPA Template:IPA
	3rd	къпах Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпал Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпала Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпало Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпали Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпалият Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпалия Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпалата Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпалото Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпалите Template:IPA Template:IPA
	4th	казах Template:IPA Template:IPA	казал Template:IPA Template:IPA	казала Template:IPA Template:IPA	казало Template:IPA Template:IPA	казали Template:IPA Template:IPA	казалият Template:IPA Template:IPA	казалия Template:IPA Template:IPA	казалата Template:IPA Template:IPA	казалото Template:IPA Template:IPA	казалите Template:IPA Template:IPA
	5th	спрях Template:IPA	спрял Template:IPA	спряла Template:IPA	спряло Template:IPA	спрели1 Template:IPA	спрелият1 Template:IPA	спрелия1 Template:IPA	спрялата Template:IPA	спрялото Template:IPA	спрелите1 Template:IPA
	6th	траях Template:IPA Template:IPA	траял Template:IPA Template:IPA	траяла Template:IPA Template:IPA	траяло Template:IPA Template:IPA	траяли Template:IPA Template:IPA	траялият Template:IPA Template:IPA	траялия Template:IPA Template:IPA	траялата Template:IPA Template:IPA	траялото Template:IPA Template:IPA	траялите Template:IPA Template:IPA
	7th	играх Template:IPA	играл Template:IPA	играла Template:IPA	играло Template:IPA	играли Template:IPA	игралият Template:IPA	игралия Template:IPA	игралата Template:IPA	игралото Template:IPA	игралите Template:IPA
		пях Template:IPA	пял Template:IPA	пяла Template:IPA	пяло Template:IPA	пели1 Template:IPA	пелият1 Template:IPA	пелия1 Template:IPA	пялата Template:IPA	пялото Template:IPA	пелите1 Template:IPA
		вършах Template:IPA	вършал Template:IPA	вършала Template:IPA	вършало Template:IPA	вършали2 Template:IPA	вършалият2 Template:IPA	вършалия2 Template:IPA	вършалата Template:IPA	вършалото Template:IPA	вършалите2 Template:IPA
Second	1st	говорих Template:IPA Template:IPA	говорил Template:IPA Template:IPA	говорила Template:IPA Template:IPA	говорило Template:IPA Template:IPA	говорили Template:IPA Template:IPA	говорилият Template:IPA Template:IPA	говорилия Template:IPA Template:IPA	говорилата Template:IPA Template:IPA	говорилото Template:IPA Template:IPA	говорилите Template:IPA Template:IPA
	2nd	вървях Template:IPA	вървял Template:IPA	вървяла Template:IPA	вървяло Template:IPA	вървели1 Template:IPA	вървелият1 Template:IPA	вървелия1 Template:IPA	вървялата Template:IPA	вървялото Template:IPA	вървелите1 Template:IPA
	3rd	лежах Template:IPA	лежал Template:IPA	лежала Template:IPA	лежало Template:IPA	лежали Template:IPA	лежалият Template:IPA	лежалия Template:IPA	лежалата Template:IPA	лежалото Template:IPA	лежалите Template:IPA
Third	1st	исках Template:IPA Template:IPA	искал Template:IPA Template:IPA	искала Template:IPA Template:IPA	искало Template:IPA Template:IPA	искали Template:IPA Template:IPA	искалият Template:IPA Template:IPA	искалия Template:IPA Template:IPA	искалата Template:IPA Template:IPA	искалото Template:IPA Template:IPA	искалите Template:IPA Template:IPA
	2nd	стрелях Template:IPA Template:IPA	стрелял Template:IPA Template:IPA	стреляла Template:IPA Template:IPA	стреляло Template:IPA Template:IPA	стреляли Template:IPA Template:IPA	стрелялият Template:IPA Template:IPA	стрелялия Template:IPA Template:IPA	стрелялата Template:IPA Template:IPA	стрелялото Template:IPA Template:IPA	стрелялите Template:IPA Template:IPA

¹ Since the yat vowel is followed by a syllable containing и (/i/) it is pronounced as е (/ɛ/).

² Although the yat vowel is followed by a syllable containing и (/i/), it is not pronounced as е (/ɛ/).

Past Active Imperfect Participle

It is formed from the first-person-singular-past-imperfect form of the verb by removing the final х (/x/) and adding л (/ɫ/). It is inflected as a regular adjective, but without definite forms, since it is never used as an actual adjective, but only in certain verbal constructions (see the endings).

1st person singular past imperfect	Past Active Imperfect Participle
	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
четях Template:IPA	четял Template:IPA	четяла Template:IPA	четяло Template:IPA	четели1 Template:IPA
говорех Template:IPA	говорел Template:IPA	говорела Template:IPA	говорело Template:IPA	говорели Template:IPA
печах Template:IPA печех Template:IPA	печал Template:IPA печел Template:IPA	печала Template:IPA печела Template:IPA	печало Template:IPA печело Template:IPA	печали2 Template:IPA печели Template:IPA
исках Template:IPA	искал Template:IPA	искала Template:IPA	искало Template:IPA	искали Template:IPA

¹ Since the yat vowel is followed by a syllable containing и (/i/) it is pronounced as е (/ɛ/).

² Although the yat vowel is followed by a syllable containing и (/i/), it is not pronounced as е (/ɛ/).

Past Passive Participle

Only transitive verbs have a past passive participle. It is formed from the first-person-singular-past-aorist form of the verb by removing the final х (/x/) and adding н (/n/) or т (/t̪/), after that it is inflected as an adjective (see the endings). Verbs from the first class of the first conjugation and the first class of the second conjugation change the thematic vowel of the past aorist to е (/ɛ/).

The vast majority of the verbs use the ending н (/n/), only some verbs from the first conjugation use т (/t̪/), namely all verbs with stems ending in н (/n/) from the second class, and a few verbs from the seventh class (all stems ending in /i/, /u/, /ju/, /ɛm/ and a few others). Some verbs from the seventh class can use both endings.

Although the past passive participle is formed from the past aorist, it does not have a stress shift, it always keeps the stress of the present tense, except for first conjugation verbs from the first class, and the verbs греба and гриза which used to belong to the first class.

Conjugation	Class	Citation form	Stem	1st person singular past aorist	Past Passive Participle
					Indefinite				Definite
					Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Plural	Masculine subject form	Masculine object form	Feminine	Neuter	Plural
First	1st	чета Template:IPA	чет- Template:IPA	четох Template:IPA	четен1 Template:IPA	четена1 Template:IPA	четено1 Template:IPA	четени1 Template:IPA	четеният1 Template:IPA	четения1 Template:IPA	четената1 Template:IPA	четеното1 Template:IPA	четените1 Template:IPA
		пека Template:IPA	пек- Template:IPA	пекох Template:IPA	печен1,2 Template:IPA	печена1,2 Template:IPA	печено1,2 Template:IPA	печени1,2 Template:IPA	печеният1,2 Template:IPA	печения1,2 Template:IPA	печената1,2 Template:IPA	печеното1,2 Template:IPA	печените1,2 Template:IPA
		сека Template:IPA	сек- Template:IPA	сякох Template:IPA	сечен1,2,3 Template:IPA	сечена1,2,3 Template:IPA	сечено1,2,3 Template:IPA	сечени1,2,3 Template:IPA	сеченият1,2,3 Template:IPA	сечения1,2,3 Template:IPA	сечената1,2,3 Template:IPA	сеченото1,2,3 Template:IPA	сечените1,2,3 Template:IPA
	2nd	бръсна Template:IPA	бръсн- Template:IPA	бръснах Template:IPA Template:IPA	бръснат Template:IPA4	бръсната Template:IPA4	бръснато Template:IPA4	бръснати Template:IPA4	бръснатият Template:IPA4	бръснатия Template:IPA4	бръснатата Template:IPA4	бръснатото Template:IPA4	бръснатите Template:IPA4
		кова Template:IPA	ков- Template:IPA	ковах Template:IPA	кован Template:IPA	кована Template:IPA	ковано Template:IPA	ковани Template:IPA	кованият Template:IPA	кования Template:IPA	кованата Template:IPA	кованото Template:IPA	кованите Template:IPA
	3rd	къпя Template:IPA	къп- Template:IPA	къпах Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпан Template:IPA4	къпана Template:IPA4	къпано Template:IPA4	къпани Template:IPA4	къпаният Template:IPA4	къпания Template:IPA4	къпаната Template:IPA4	къпаното Template:IPA4	къпаните Template:IPA4
	4th	кажа Template:IPA	каж- Template:IPA	казах Template:IPA Template:IPA	казан Template:IPA4	казана Template:IPA4	казано Template:IPA4	казани Template:IPA4	казаният Template:IPA4	казания Template:IPA4	казаната Template:IPA4	казаното Template:IPA4	казаните Template:IPA4
	5th	спра Template:IPA	спр- Template:IPA	спрях Template:IPA	спрян Template:IPA	спряна Template:IPA	спряно Template:IPA	спрени3 Template:IPA	спреният3 Template:IPA	спрения3 Template:IPA	спряната Template:IPA	спряното Template:IPA	спрените3 Template:IPA
	6th	вая Template:IPA	ва- Template:IPA	ваях Template:IPA Template:IPA	ваян Template:IPA4	ваяна Template:IPA4	ваяно Template:IPA4	ваяни Template:IPA4	ваяният Template:IPA4	ваяния Template:IPA4	ваяната Template:IPA4	ваяното Template:IPA4	ваяните Template:IPA4
	7th	играя Template:IPA	игра- Template:IPA	играх Template:IPA	игран Template:IPA	играна Template:IPA	играно Template:IPA	играни Template:IPA	играният Template:IPA	играния Template:IPA	играната Template:IPA	играното Template:IPA	играните Template:IPA
		пея Template:IPA	пе- Template:IPA	пях Template:IPA	пят Template:IPA	пята Template:IPA	пято Template:IPA	пети3 Template:IPA	петият3 Template:IPA	петия3 Template:IPA	пятата Template:IPA	пятото Template:IPA	петите3 Template:IPA
		нагрея Template:IPA	нагре- Template:IPA	нагрях Template:IPA	нагрят Template:IPA нагрян Template:IPA	нагрята Template:IPA нагряна Template:IPA	нагрято Template:IPA нагряно Template:IPA	нагрети3 Template:IPA нагрени3 Template:IPA	нагретият3 Template:IPA нагреният3 Template:IPA	нагретия3 Template:IPA нагрения3 Template:IPA	нагрятата Template:IPA нагряната Template:IPA	нагрятото Template:IPA нагряното Template:IPA	нагретите3 Template:IPA нагрените3 Template:IPA
		пия Template:IPA	пи- Template:IPA	пих Template:IPA	пит Template:IPA	пита Template:IPA	пито Template:IPA	пити Template:IPA	питият Template:IPA	пития Template:IPA	питата Template:IPA	питото Template:IPA	питите Template:IPA
		взема Template:IPA	взем- Template:IPA	взех Template:IPA	взет Template:IPA	взета Template:IPA	взето Template:IPA	взети Template:IPA	взетият Template:IPA	взетия Template:IPA	взетата Template:IPA	взетото Template:IPA	взетите Template:IPA
Second	1st	говоря Template:IPA	говор- Template:IPA	говорих Template:IPA Template:IPA	говорен5 Template:IPA4	говорена5 Template:IPA4	говорено5 Template:IPA4	говорени5 Template:IPA4	говореният5 Template:IPA4	говорения5 Template:IPA4	говорената5 Template:IPA4	говореното5 Template:IPA4	говорените5 Template:IPA4
	2nd	извървя Template:IPA	извърв- Template:IPA	извървях Template:IPA	извървян Template:IPA	извървяна Template:IPA	извървяно Template:IPA	извървени3 Template:IPA	извървеният3 Template:IPA	извървения3 Template:IPA	извървяната Template:IPA	извървяното Template:IPA	извървените3 Template:IPA
	3rd	премълча Template:IPA	премълч- Template:IPA	премълчах Template:IPA	премълчан Template:IPA	премълчана Template:IPA	премълчано Template:IPA	премълчани Template:IPA	премълчаният Template:IPA	премълчания Template:IPA	премълчаната Template:IPA	премълчаното Template:IPA	премълчаните Template:IPA
Third	1st	искам Template:IPA	иска- Template:IPA	исках Template:IPA Template:IPA	искан Template:IPA4	искана Template:IPA4	искано Template:IPA4	искани Template:IPA4	исканият Template:IPA4	искания Template:IPA4	исканата Template:IPA4	исканото Template:IPA4	исканите Template:IPA4
	2nd	застрелям Template:IPA	застреля- Template:IPA	застрелях Template:IPA	застрелян Template:IPA	застреляна Template:IPA	застреляно Template:IPA	застреляни Template:IPA	застреляният Template:IPA	застреляния Template:IPA	застреляната Template:IPA	застреляното Template:IPA	застреляните Template:IPA

¹ Notice that the thematic vowel о (/o̝/) is changed to е (/ɛ/).

² The consonant к (/k/) changes to ч (/tʃ/) before the front vowel е (/ɛ/).

³ Since the yat vowel is followed by a syllable containing и (/i/) it is pronounced as е (/ɛ/).

⁴ Notice that there is no stress shift, unlike the past aorist and the past active aorist participle.

⁵ Notice that the thematic vowel и (/i/) is changed to е (/ɛ/).

Adverbial Participle

Only imperfective verbs have an adverbial participle. Verbs from the first and second conjugation use the thematic vowel е (/ɛ/) between the stem and the ending -йки (/jkʲi/). Verbs from the third conjugation just add the ending without using a thematic vowel. This participle is immutable.

The adverbial participle keeps the stress of the present tense.

Conjugation	Citation form	Stem	Adverbial Participle
First and Second	чета Template:IPA	чет- Template:IPA	четейки Template:IPA
	пиша Template:IPA	пиш- Template:IPA	пишейки Template:IPA
	пея Template:IPA	пе- Template:IPA	пеейки Template:IPA
	говоря Template:IPA	говор- Template:IPA	говорейки Template:IPA
	стоя Template:IPA	сто- Template:IPA	стоейки Template:IPA
Third	искам Template:IPA	иска- Template:IPA	искайки Template:IPA
	стрелям Template:IPA	стреля- Template:IPA	стреляйки Template:IPA

Verbal Noun

Only imperfective verbs have a verbal noun. It is formed either from the first-person-singular-past-imperfect or -past aorist form of the verb (or from both). The final х (/x/) is removed and the ending не (/nɛ/) is added. After that it is inflected as neuter noun (see the endings). If the thematic vowel is о (/o̝/), и (/i/) or the yat vowel, it is changed to е (/ɛ/) before adding the ending.

Stems ending in н (/n/) from the second class of the first conjugation, and stems ending in е (/ɛ/), и (/i/), у (/u/) and ю (/ju/) from the seventh class use only the past imperfect to form the verbal noun. All verbs from the first class of the second conjugation use only the past aorist. The remaining verbs may use only the past aorist, only the past imperfect or both. This is not determined by which conjugation or class a verb belongs to, it is an inherent characteristic of each verb.

When the verbal noun is formed from the past aorist, it does not have a stress shift, it usually keeps the stress of the present tense, except for first-conjugation verbs from the first class, and a few other verbs which move the stress further back on the ending.

Conjugation	Class	Citation form	Stem	1st person singular past aorist	1st person singular past imperfect	Verbal noun
						Indefinite			Definite
						Singular	Plural I	Plural II	Singular	Plural I	Plural II
First	1st	треса Template:IPA	трес- Template:IPA	тресох Template:IPA	тресях Template:IPA	тресене1,2,3 Template:IPA Template:IPA	тресенета1,2,3 Template:IPA Template:IPA	тресения1,2,3 Template:IPA Template:IPA	тресенето1,2,3 Template:IPA Template:IPA	тресенетата1,2,3 Template:IPA Template:IPA	тресенията1,2,3 Template:IPA Template:IPA
	2nd	бръсна Template:IPA	бръсн- Template:IPA		бръснех Template:IPA	бръснене Template:IPA	бръсненета Template:IPA	бръснения Template:IPA	бръсненето Template:IPA	бръсненетата Template:IPA	бръсненията Template:IPA
		пера Template:IPA	пер- Template:IPA	прах Template:IPA		пране Template:IPA4	пранета Template:IPA4	прания Template:IPA4	прането Template:IPA4	пранетата Template:IPA4	пранията Template:IPA4
	3rd	къпя Template:IPA	къп- Template:IPA	къпах Template:IPA Template:IPA	къпех Template:IPA	къпане Template:IPA5 къпене Template:IPA	къпанета Template:IPA5 къпенета Template:IPA	къпания Template:IPA5 къпения Template:IPA	къпането Template:IPA5 къпенето Template:IPA	къпанетата Template:IPA5 къпенетата Template:IPA	къпанията Template:IPA5 къпенията Template:IPA
	4th	лъжа Template:IPA	лъж- Template:IPA	лъгах Template:IPA Template:IPA	лъжех Template:IPA	лъгане Template:IPA5 лъжене Template:IPA	лъганета Template:IPA5 лъженета Template:IPA	лъгания Template:IPA5 лъжения Template:IPA	лъгането Template:IPA5 лъженето Template:IPA	лъганетата Template:IPA5 лъженетата Template:IPA	лъганията Template:IPA5 лъженията Template:IPA
	7th	играя Template:IPA	игра- Template:IPA	играх Template:IPA	играех Template:IPA	игране Template:IPA играене Template:IPA	игранета Template:IPA играенета Template:IPA	играния Template:IPA играения Template:IPA	игрането Template:IPA играенето Template:IPA	игранетата Template:IPA играенетата Template:IPA	игранията Template:IPA играенията Template:IPA
		пея Template:IPA	пе- Template:IPA		пеех Template:IPA	пеене Template:IPA	пеенета Template:IPA	пеения Template:IPA	пеенето Template:IPA	пеенетата Template:IPA	пеенията Template:IPA
Second	1st	говоря Template:IPA	говор- Template:IPA	говорих Template:IPA Template:IPA		говорене6 Template:IPA5	говоренета6 Template:IPA5	говорения6 Template:IPA5	говоренето6 Template:IPA5	говоренетата6 Template:IPA5	говоренията6 Template:IPA5
	2nd	вървя Template:IPA	върв- Template:IPA	вървях Template:IPA	вървях Template:IPA	вървене2,7 Template:IPA	вървенета2,7 Template:IPA	вървения2,7 Template:IPA	вървенето2,7 Template:IPA	вървенетата2,7 Template:IPA	вървенията2,7 Template:IPA
	3rd	лежа Template:IPA	леж- Template:IPA	лежах Template:IPA	лежех Template:IPA	лежане Template:IPA лежене Template:IPA	лежанета Template:IPA леженета Template:IPA	лежания Template:IPA лежения Template:IPA	лежането Template:IPA леженето Template:IPA	лежанетата Template:IPA леженетата Template:IPA	лежанията Template:IPA леженията Template:IPA
Third	1st	искам Template:IPA	иска- Template:IPA	исках Template:IPA Template:IPA	исках Template:IPA	искане7 Template:IPA5	исканета7 Template:IPA5	искания7 Template:IPA5	искането7 Template:IPA5	исканетата7 Template:IPA5	исканията7 Template:IPA5
	2nd	стрелям Template:IPA	стреля- Template:IPA	стрелях Template:IPA Template:IPA	стрелях Template:IPA	стреляне7 Template:IPA5	стрелянета7 Template:IPA5	стреляния7 Template:IPA5	стрелянето7 Template:IPA5	стрелянетата7 Template:IPA5	стрелянията7 Template:IPA5

¹ Notice that the thematic vowel о (/o̝/) is changed to е (/ɛ/).

³ Since the yat vowel is followed by a syllable containing е (/ɛ/), it is pronounced as е (/ɛ/).

³ Since both the vowel о (/o̝/) and the yat vowel are changed to е (/ɛ/), the two forms of the verbal noun are written the same, but pronounced differently, they differ by stress position.

⁴ Notice that the stress is on the ending.

⁵ Notice that there is no stress shift, just like the past passive participle and unlike the past aorist and the past active aorist participle.

⁶ Notice that the thematic vowel и (/i/) is changed to е (/ɛ/).

⁷ Since the past aorist and imperfect forms are identical the two forms of the verbal noun are also identical.

Bibliography

• Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Bulgarian Language (1983) Граматика на съвременния български книжовен език. Том 2. Морфология