Aconitate decarboxylase

Template:Short description Template:Infobox enzyme The enzyme aconitate decarboxylase (Template:EnzExplorer) (i.e., ACOD1, also termed cis-aconitate decarboxylase, immune-responsive gene 1, immune response gene 1, and IRK1) is a protein enzyme that in humans is encoded by the Template:Gene gene located at position 22.3 on the long arm (i.e., p-arm) of chromosome 13. ACOD1 catalyzes the following reversible (i.e., runs in both directions, as indicated by $\rightleftharpoons$) decarboxylation chemical reaction:

cis-aconitate $\rightleftharpoons$ itaconate + CO₂

Hence, ACOD1 converts cis-aconitate into two products, itaconate and CO₂ or itaconate and CO₂ into one product, aconitate.

ACOD1 belongs to the family of lyases, specifically the carboxy-lyases, which cleave carbon-carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is cis-aconitate carboxy-lyase (itaconate-forming). Other names once in common use for this enzyme class include CAD and cis-aconitate carboxy-lyase. ACOD1 participates in c5-branched dibasic acid metabolism.

Ustilago maydis (a species of Ustilago fungi) converts cis-aconitate to its thermodynamically favored product, trans-aconitate, by the enzyme aconitate delta-isomerase (i.e., Adi1). The trans-aconitate product is decarboxylated to itaconate by trans-aconitate decarboxylase (i.e., Tad1). This Adi followed by Tad 1 enzymatic metabolic pathway is:

cis-aconitate $\rightleftharpoons$ trans-itaconate → itaconate + CO₂

Trans-aconitate decarboxylase does not metabolize cis-aconitate to itaconate. (The genes for aconitate delta-isomerase and trans-aconitate decarboxylase have been reported in several types of fungi hut not in other organisms, including humand, and are classified as provisional, i.e., accepted provisional to further studies.)

References

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