2023 Luxembourg general election

General elections were held in Luxembourg on 8 October 2023 to elect all 60 seats of the Chamber of Deputies.

The incumbent Bettel II Government was a coalition of the Democratic Party (DP), the Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party (LSAP) and The Greens.

Electoral system

The 60 members of the Chamber of Deputies are elected by proportional representation in four multi-member constituencies; nine in North constituency, seven in East, 23 in South and 21 in Centre. Voters can vote for a party list or cast multiple votes for as many candidates as there are seats. Seat allocation is calculated in accordance with the Hagenbach-Bischoff quota.

Only Luxembourgish citizens may vote in general elections. A proposal to extend voting rights to foreigners who have lived in Luxembourg for at least ten years and have previously voted in a European or local election in Luxembourg, was rejected in a 2015 referendum. Voting is mandatory for eligible Luxembourg citizens who live in Luxembourg and are under 75 years of age. Luxembourg citizens who live abroad may vote by post at the commune in which they most recently lived in Luxembourg. Luxembourg citizens who were born in Luxembourg but have never lived there may vote by post at the commune in which they were born. Luxembourg citizens who were not born in Luxembourg and have never lived there may vote by post at the commune of Luxembourg City.

Contesting parties

List no.	Name		Abbr.	Lead candidate	Ideology	Political position	Last election		Notes
							%	Seats
1	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	Luxembourg Socialist Workers' Party Template:Small	LSAP	Paulette Lenert	Social democracy	Centre-left	17.60	Template:Composition bar
2	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	Democratic Party Template:Small	DP	Xavier Bettel	Liberalism	Centre to centre-right	16.91	Template:Composition bar
3	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	The Greens Template:Small	DG	Sam Tanson	Green politics	Centre-left	15.12	Template:Composition bar
4	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	Christian Social People's Party Template:Small	CSV	Luc Frieden	Template:Nowrap	Template:Nowrap	28.31	Template:Composition bar
5	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	The Left Template:Small	DL	David Wagner	Template:Nowrap	Left-wing	5.48	Template:Composition bar
6	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	Alternative Democratic Reform Party Template:Small	ADR	Fred Keup	Template:Nowrap	Template:Nowrap	8.28	Template:Composition bar
7	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	Pirate Party Luxembourg Template:Small	PPLU	Sven Clement	Pirate politics		6.45	Template:Composition bar
9	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	Focus Template:Small	FOK	Frank Engel	Pragmatism	Centre	New
10	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	Volt Luxembourg Template:Small	VOLT	None	European federalism	Centre to centre-left	New		Template:Small
11	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	Communist Party of Luxembourg Template:Small	KPL	Ali Ruckert	Communism	Far-left	1.27	Template:Composition bar	Template:Small
12		Template:Ill Template:Small	LF	Roy Reding	Right-wing populism	Template:Nowrap	New
13	bgcolor=Template:Party color |	The Conservatives Template:Small	DK	Joe Thein	Conservatism	Template:Nowrap	0.27	Template:Composition bar	Template:Small

Opinion polls

Voting intention

Fieldwork date	Polling firm	CSV	LSAP	DP	DG	ADR	PPLU	DL	KPL	Dem.	DK	Volt	Fokus
		bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	bgcolor="Template:Party color" |	bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|		bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|
8 Oct 2023	Election	29.22%	18.92%	18.70%	8.55%	9.27%	6.74%	3.93%	0.64%	–	0.23%	0.19%	2.49%
7–16 Aug 2023	ILRES	28.3%	19.8%	17.4%	10.7%	6.9%	9.9%	5%	0.4%	–	0.1%	0.3%	1.1%
11 Jun 2023	Municipal elections	26.06%	21.30%	20.64%	12.69%	3.22%	3.98%	3.22%	0.40%	–	0.18%	–	0.84%
23 Mar − 6 Apr 2023	TNS	27.1%	17.9%	17.1%	12.8%	7.5%	10.0%	4.3%	0.5%	0.3%	0.1%	0.4%	2.0%
14−28 Nov 2022	TNS	23.3%	20.7%	18.4%	12.1%	7.7%	9.6%	5.8%	0.5%	0.3%	0.1%	0.1%	1.5%
24 May − 7 Jun 2022	TNS	23.0%	18.0%	18.1%	13.7%	7.6%	9.7%	5.6%	0.4%	0.3%	0.2%	0.5%	2.9%
11−19 Nov 2021	TNS	21.6%	20.2%	16.2%	12.4%	11.3%	11.1%	5.0%	0.8%	0.6%	0.5%	0.3%	–
9−21 Jun 2021	TNS	24.6%	17.8%	19.3%	13.4%	7.6%	8.0%	7.0%	1.0%	0.6%	0.2%	0.5%	–
10–24 Nov 2020	TNS	25.7%	19.8%	19.9%	11.5%	9.6%	5.9%	5.8%	0.9%	0.5%	0.3%	0.1%	–
4–24 Jun 2020	TNS	27.5%	16.4%	20.6%	13.4%	8.2%	4.8%	7.3%	1.1%	0.3%	0.2%	–	–
14–23 Nov 2019	TNS	30.1%	15.0%	16.6%	15.9%	10.4%	5.4%	5.5%	0.8%	0.1%	0.2%	–	–
14 Oct 2018	Election	28.31%	17.60%	16.91%	15.12%	8.28%	6.45%	5.48%	1.27%	0.29%	0.27%	–	–

Seat projections

Map of Luxembourg's constituencies with number of seats

Fieldwork date	Polling firm	CSV	DP	LSAP	DG	ADR	PPLU	DL	Template:Abbr
		bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|	bgcolor=Template:Party color|
8 Oct 2023	Election	21	14	11	4	5	3	2	Template:No
7–16 Aug 2023	ILRES	19	11	13	7	3	5	2	Template:Yes
23 Mar − 6 Apr 2023	TNS	17	11	12	8	4	6	2	Template:Yes
14−28 Nov 2022	TNS	15	12	13	8	4	6	2	Template:Yes
24 May − 7 Jun 2022	TNS	16	12	12	8	4	6	2	Template:Yes
11−19 Nov 2021	TNS	15	9	12	8	7	7	2	Template:No
9−21 Jun 2021	TNS	17	13	11	8	4	4	3	Template:Yes
10–24 Nov 2020	TNS	17	14	12	8	5	2	2	Template:Yes
4–24 Jun 2020	TNS	19	15	10	8	4	1	3	Template:Yes
14–23 Dec 2019	TNS	20	11	9	10	6	2	2	Template:No
14 Oct 2018	Election	21	12	10	9	4	2	2	Template:Yes

Results

Votes by constituency

Constituency	CSV		LSAP		DP		ADR		Gréng		PPL		Lénk		Fokus		Template:Ill		KPL		DK		Volt
	style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |	style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |	style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |	style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |	style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |	style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |	style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |	style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |			style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |	style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |	style="background:Template:Party color;" colspan="2" |
Centre	376,078	29.9	148,051	11.8	317,200	25.3	82,230	6.5	144,833	11.5	81,668	6.5	49,481	3.9	34,333	2.7	16,535	1.3	5,664	0.5	–	–	–	–
East	69,210	30.6	39,061	17.3	51,816	22.9	21,407	9.5	17,277	7.6	11,072	4.9	5,686	2.5	5,685	2.5	3,449	1.5	896	0.4	–	–	553	0.2
North	124,864	33.1	57,693	15.3	66,224	17.5	45,430	12.0	25,193	6.7	29,110	7.7	9,758	2.6	11,855	3.1	5,925	1.6	–	–	1,370	0.4	–	–
South	529,275	27.8	467,085	24.5	268,593	14.1	199,923	10.5	134,592	7.1	131,704	6.9	82,914	4.4	41,966	2.2	16,734	0.9	17,715	0.9	7,124	0.4	6,448	0.3

Seats by constituency

Constituency	Total seats	Seats won
		CSV	LSAP	DP	ADR	Gréng	PPL	Lénk
		style="background:Template:Party color;"|	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	style="background:Template:Party color;"|	style="background:Template:Party color;"|
Centre	21	7	3	6	1	2	1	1
East	7	3	1	2	1
North	9	4	1	2	1		1
South	23	7	6	4	2	2	1	1

Government formation

On 9 October 2023 Grand Duke Henri appointed Luc Frieden as government formateur with the intention that Frieden would become the next Prime Minister. The CSV leader began negotiations with outgoing Prime Minister Xavier Bettel and his DP. Bettel expressed his willingness to participate in government, though not as Prime Minister.

On 13 November Frieden announced a coalition agreement between the CSV and DP. Bettel led the DP's delegation to coalition negotiations, while the CSV delegation was led by party president Claude Wiseler. Frieden stated that he expected to take office by the end of the week following the announcement. The new cabinet was sworn in by the Grand Duke and Frieden assumed the office of Prime Minister on 17 November. The LSAP sat in opposition for the first time since the 1999 election.