1 Samuel 26

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Template:Short description Template:Bible chapter 1 Samuel 26 is the twenty-sixth chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Template:Sfn Jewish tradition attributes the book to the prophet Samuel, with later additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan;[1] modern scholarship, however, regards it as a compilation of independent texts dated to Template:BCE.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn This chapter contains the account of David's escape from Saul's repeated attempts to kill him,Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn being within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 that records the rise of David as the king of Israel.Template:Sfn

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 25 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Template:Sfn Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q51 (4QSamTemplate:Sup; 100–50 BCE) with extant verses 9–12, 21–24.Template:Sfn[2]Template:Sfn[3]

Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally was made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; 𝔊B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; 𝔊A; 5th century).Template:SfnTemplate:Efn

Places

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David spares Saul again (26:1–12)

There are many similarities between this narrative and those in 1 Samuel 23:19–24 and 1 Samuel 24:1–22, although the differences show that these are two separate events.[4]Template:Sfn Several biblical translations include the word "again" in their chapter subheadings for added clarity.Template:Relevance inline[5]

Points of similarity between 26:1–12 and passages in chapters 23:19–24 and 24:1–22 include:

  1. The report of the Ziphites.[6]
  2. David's camp on the hill of Hachilah (Template:Langx).[7]
  3. Saul's march with 3000 men.[8]
  4. The urge of David's men to kill Saul.[9]
  5. David's refusal to kill the anointed of Jehovah.[10]
  6. Saul's recognition of David's voice.[11]
  7. David's comparison of himself to a flea.[4] [12]

Points of difference:

  1. David spared Saul's life in a cave at En-gedi; in this chapter, in Saul's entrenched camp.
  2. Earlier, David had to flee in haste; here he could send spies.
  3. Previously, David was saved by the news of the Philistines' invasion; here, David kept a distance and was separated by a ravine.
  4. In the first event, David cut off a piece of Saul's cloak, whereas here he took away Saul's spear (a symbol of royal office) and water jug (a symbol of life) while Saul was fast asleep in the camp.Template:Sfn[4]

Verse 1

An 1873 illustration of Abishai (center) encouraging David (right) to strike Saul.
Now the Ziphites came to Saul at Gibeah, saying, "Is David not hiding in the hill of Hachilah, opposite Jeshimon Template:Efn?" [13]

David's return to Maon (Template:Langx) could be connected with some business of Abigail, now David's wife, who may still have controlled some properties in the area. The Ziphites reported David's presence to Saul, probably out of fear that David may attack them for their former betrayal of him.[4] The fact that Saul at that time was in Gibeah and only "arose" after hearing the report suggests that he did not pursue David any more until being excited by the Ziphites about a good opportunity to ambush David.[14] The Biblical Hebrew word Template:Lang is sometimes translated as "the badlands".[15]Template:Better source needed

David reproved Abner as Saul acknowledged his sin against David (26:13–25)

After departing from Saul's camp without detection and maintaining a safe distance, David reproached Abner for his failure to safeguard the king, while also insinuating an inability to recognize the king-elect (verse 14). Nevertheless, Saul identified David's voice and lamented his decision to pursue him. Considering his choice to vacate Israelite territory, David appealed to Saul not to permit his blood "to fall to the earth" while in exile (verse 20).Template:Sfn Ultimately, this marked the final encounter between Saul and David. As they parted ways permanently, Saul offered his final blessings to David.Template:Sfn

Verse 20

"Now therefore, let not my blood fall to the earth away from the presence of the Template:LORD, for the king of Israel has come out to seek a single flea like one who hunts a partridge in the mountains."[16]

See also

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Notes

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References

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Sources

Commentaries on Samuel

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General

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Template:First Book of Samuel

  1. ↑ Template:Cite web
  2. ↑ Dead sea scrolls - 1 Samuel
  3. ↑ 4Q51 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Samuel 26". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019.
  5. ↑ For example, the Christian New International Version and the Christian English Standard Version at 1 Samuel 26:1
  6. ↑ Template:Bibleverse
  7. ↑ Template:Bibleverse
  8. ↑ Template:Bibleverse
  9. ↑ Template:Bibleverse
  10. ↑ Template:Bibleverse
  11. ↑ Template:Bibleverse
  12. ↑ Template:Bibleverse
  13. ↑ Template:Bibleverse
  14. ↑ Benson, Joseph, "Commentary on the Old and New Testaments". 1 Samuel 26. Accessed on 9 July 2019
  15. ↑ Wartburg Project, Inc. (2019), Footnote a at 1 Samuel 26:1 in the Evangelical Heritage Version, accessed on 23 February 2025
  16. ↑ Template:Bibleverse
  17. ↑ Template:Bibleverse
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