1 Chronicles 22

1 Chronicles 22 is the twenty-two chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.Template:Sfn This chapter records David's preparation to build the temple,Template:Sfn consisting of three parts: (1) David's (own) preparations for the temple's construction (verses 2–5); (2) David's speech to Solomon (verses 6–16); (3) David's speech to Israel's rulers (verses 17–19).Template:Sfn The whole chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David (1 Chronicles 9:35 to 29:30),Template:Sfn which from this chapter to the end does not have parallel in 2 Samuel.Template:Sfn

Text

This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 19 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Template:Sfn

Extant manuscripts of a Koine Greek translation known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE, include Codex Vaticanus (B; $𝔊$^B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; $𝔊$^A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; $𝔊$^Q; 6th century).Template:SfnTemplate:Efn

Template:Anchor Preparations for the temple (22:1–5)

This section records the material and spiritual preparations for the construction of the temple which David wish to be famous and glorified throughout all the lands (verse 5), because the quality of the palace-temple complex projects the power of a nation, its god, and its king to other nations, gods, vassals, or foreign emissaries.Template:Sfn The Chronicler is very particular in providing explanation how the temple site was selected (verse 1 and 2 Chronicles 3:1).Template:Sfn

Verse 1

Then David said, This is the house of the Template:Lord God, and this is the altar of the burnt offering for Israel.

The verse becomes the climax of the preceding and subsequent sections in that the future site of YHWH's temple (and place for sacrifices) is gloriously announced, regarded 'synonymous' with the desert tabernacle, the high place at Gibeon or 'all legitimate cultic sites and buildings that play an important part in Israel's history'.Template:Sfn The selection of the site is very important for the Chronicler, as repeated in 2 Chronicles 3:1.Template:Sfn The language is very similar to Genesis 28:17, pertaining to the construction of the holy site at Bethel.Template:Sfn

Verse 4

and cedar logs without number, for the Sidonians and the Tyrians brought much cedar wood to David.

• "Without number" or "in abundance" (KJV) is translated from Hebrew: Template:Lang lə-Template:Strong-number, Template:Strong-number, also meaning "beyond measure".
• "The Sidonians and Tyrians": were mentioned as those who brought cedar wood, a reminiscent of King Hiram I(1 Chronicles 14:1), in parallel with Ezra 3:7 that the Sidonians and Tyrians were also providing timber (cedar wood) for the second temple.Template:Sfn

Verse 5

And David said, Solomon my son is young and tender, and the house that is to be builded for the Template:Lord must be exceeding magnifical, of fame and of glory throughout all countries: I will therefore now make preparation for it. So David prepared abundantly before his death.

• "Solomon": of David's numerous sons (1 Chronicles 3:1–4; 14:3–7) is one of the youngest (1 Samuel 20:31; 2 Samuel 13:21; 1 Kings 1:12, 17; 2:22).Template:Sfn
• "Young and tender": Solomon was regarded by David in a similar manner to Solomon's own admission while in prayer at Gibeon (1 Kings 3:7), especially about Solomon's youth and inexperience, which is considered as a literary theme, not a pointer to his actual age, nor to his ability to rule the nation, but particularly to his capability in building the temple.Template:Sfn Therefore, David took the responsibility to prepare the construction.

Template:Anchor Solomon anointed to build the temple (22:6–19)

The section contains two speeches by David, the first one to Solomon (verses 6–16) and the second to the leaders of Israel (verses 17–19).Template:Sfn The speech to Solomon parallels David's final decrees in 1 Kings 2 and quotes the dynastic promise in 1 Chronicles 17 (cf. 2 Samuel 7), with the explanation why David was not permitted to build the temple (verse 8).Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn Only David's call to 'abide by the law and act courageously' (1 Kings 2:2–3) is transmitted here.Template:Sfn The relationship between David and Solomon in the Chronicles resembles that of Moses and Joshua.Template:Sfn The encouragement given by David to Solomon for the forthcoming work, forecasting success if he faithfully follows God and confirms God's presence (verses 11–13) resembles the message in Joshua 1 regarding Joshua's succession to Moses (also using the terms 'the LORD be with you' and 'success').Template:Sfn

Verse 8

but the word of the Lord came to me, saying, ‘You have shed much blood and have made great wars; you shall not build a house for My name, because you have shed much blood on the earth in My sight.

Template:Sfn Nathan's prophecy in 2 Samuel 7 and 1 Chronicles 17 does not provide the explanation why David was not allowed to build the temple. In Template:Bibleverse Solomon stated that David was impeded from carrying out his plan, because of his long warfare with the surrounding nations.Template:Sfn In the Chronicles, the statement is transformed to a greater principle, that is, because David as a warrior had shed much blood, so he was forbidden to build the temple. The reason is simply to exclude the blemish of bloodshed from the temple's construction.Template:Sfn

Verse 9

Behold, a son shall be born to you who shall be a man of rest. I will give him rest from all his surrounding enemies. For his name shall be Solomon, and I will give peace and quiet to Israel in his days.

Using wordplay, "Solomon" (Template:Langx, Template:Strong-number, meaning: "peaceful") was to be given "peace" (Template:Lang, Template:Strong-number), and, as a "man of rest" (Template:Lang, Template:Strong-number Template:Strong-number), was to be given "rest" (Template:Lang, Template:Strong-number), so he could build the temple.Template:SfnTemplate:Sfn This was to fulfill the precondition in Template:Bibleverse that the sacrificial services could take place when Israel had "rest" from its enemies.Template:Sfn

See also

• Related Bible parts: Deuteronomy 22, Joshua 1, 2 Samuel 7, 1 Kings 5, 1 Chronicles 17

Sources

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External links

• Jewish translations:
  • Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 22 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org
• Christian translations:
  • Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
  • First Book of Chronicles Chapter 22. Bible Gateway