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{{AFC comment|1=User left "Here is your Wikipedia-style article in Wikipedia markup (wikitext) format:" from the ChatGPT response. Here is your Wikipedia-style article in Wikipedia markup (wikitext) format: ...

...h> \ell_B=\sqrt{\hbar/eB} </math>, which makes them mathematically similar to the position and momentum operators <math> Q =q</math> and <math> P=-i\hbar The magnetic translation operators corresponding to two different pairs <math> (p_x,p_y) </math> and <math> (p'_x,p'_y) </math> ...

...he vectors representing its words. Typically, the text corpus is [[English Wikipedia]], though other corpora including the [[Open Directory Project]] have been ...Shaul |last2=Markovitch |title=Overcoming the brittleness bottleneck using Wikipedia: enhancing text categorization with encyclopedic knowledge |conference=Proc ...

...ontributions of individual RERs. Thus phenomena which are in contradiction to over-general statements of the [[Le Chatelier principle]] can be interprete ...h>S \choose C+1</math>, where S denotes the number of species and C refers to the number of components. In the case of [[three-component system]]s, RERs ...

...he demand for class 2 comes before demand for class 1. The question now is how much demand for class 2 should be accepted so that the optimal mix of passe ...is rejected. If a [[continuous distribution]] <math>F_j(x)</math> is used to model the demand, then <math>y_1^\star</math> can be calculated using what ...

<!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automa ...

...2t+1</math>, where <math> C_2^\perp</math> is the code [[Dual code|dual]] to <math> C_2</math>. Then define <math> \text{CSS}(C_1,C_2)</math>, the CSS c <!--- See [[Wikipedia:Footnotes]] on how to create references using <ref></ref> tags which will then appear here automa ...

...e [[Kramers–Kronig relations]]. But then the Kolsky's modified model comes to our rescue, producing an accurate representation of the velocity dispersion The theoretical background for mathematical Q models can be found in the Wikipedia article: [[Mathematical Q models]]. Here we found a function K(w) we can ca ...

...p while also propelling it forward.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Propellers {{!}} How Things Fly |url=https://howthingsfly.si.edu/propulsion/propellers |access-d ...ng to newtons third law of motion,<ref name=":0" /> the top would continue to spin until a force is acted upon it. Because of all of the forces cancellin ...

{{cleanup|reason=Should be using the &lt;ref&gt;-tags; an expert might need to check if the refs support the text|date=March 2012}} ...proportionally to a number of outgoing links. Since each node belongs both to CheiRank and [[PageRank]] vectors the ranking of information flow on a dire ...

The probability of being selected for an individual is proportional to the cumulative reward obtained by the individual. The cumulative reward can ...thin [[Multi-armed bandit]] framework for [[Multi-objective optimization]] to obtain a better approximation of the [[Pareto efficiency|Pareto front]]. ...

...rator is highly relevant to modular forms and is not currently included in Wikipedia.}} ...operator''' in the context of [[modular form]]s is a fundamental tool used to define the action of matrices on these functions. Here's a breakdown of wha ...

{{AFC comment|1=Resubmitted again without a significant attempt to clean up the article. Why don't people listen? [[User:Ldm1954|Ldm1954]] ([[ ...icle is written as one. Don't give up, it takes time to learn the ropes on Wikipedia, it is more complex than it might seem. [[User:Ldm1954|Ldm1954]] ([[User ta ...

...e given training examples one-by-one and updating the parameters according to each training example, so that the current training example is classified c ...ded to a multiclass learner that approximates full MIRA, but may be faster to train. ...

{{cleanup|date=February 2017|reason=Needs linked into Wikipedia}} The [[Rayleigh's quotient]] represents a quick method to estimate the natural [[frequency]] of a multi-degree-of-freedom vibration s ...

...ty and the distributions are continuous, although it is not very difficult to drop this assumption. ...n we are actually calculating protection limit <math>y</math>_j. To do so we consider every class in ''j, j-1,..., 1'' and compare that class, ...

...] from the surface of the ground down to the total depth (TD), as compared to the pressure gradient of seawater in deep water. It would be more accurate to divide a value in lb/gal by 19.25 than to multiply that value by 0.052. The magnitude of the error caused by multiply ...

....) The given mass-density <math>\rho_{liquid}</math> of the liquid permits to calculate the displaced volume (<math>V=m_{liquid}/\rho_{liquid}</math>). T ...evactube}</math> of the gas collecting tube; secondly, these two are used to measure and calculate the mass-density <math>\rho</math> of the investigate ...

...ith a treatment <math>\scriptstyle{(Rt)}</math>. This relationship applies to a single individual, individuals within a population, or groups. ...iction of responders to a therapy. A model and its preliminary application to hypertension]. Arch Mal Coeur Vaiss 1998, 91, 1059–1063.</ref><ref name="JP ...

...ive sensing]] [[technology]] from Lion Precision.</ref> They are also able to measure the thickness or density of [[Non-conductor|non-conductive]] materi ...general types of capacitive displacement sensing systems. One type is used to measure thicknesses of conductive materials. The other type measures thickn ...