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...onuclide|radionuclides]] into the environment, which can undergo further [[radioactive decay]] while lowering the [[pH]] of a solution.<ref name=":0" /> ...sk|url=https://www.academia.edu/23840840|journal=Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology|language=en|volume=83|issue=5|pages=668–673|issn=0007-4861|d ...

...ucidate nuclear properties and reactions, used radioactive substances as [[Radioactive tracer|tracers]], and measure radionuclides in many different types of samp ...haracterizing new elements, determining the age of materials, and creating radioactive reagents for specific tracer use in tissues and organs. The ongoing goal o ...

...nic materials by measuring the decay of [[carbon-14]] ({{chem|14|C}}), a [[radioactive isotope]] of carbon. Developed in the late 1940s, the technique has been wi * [[Contamination]], where external sources of carbon (such as modern pollutants or ancient c ...

{{Short description|Radioactive isotope of Americium}} ...') is an [[isotope of americium]]. Like all isotopes of americium, it is [[radioactive]], with a [[half-life]] of {{val|432.2|u=years}}. {{sup|241}}Am is the most ...

{{Short description|Gochronological dating method utilizing the radioactive decay system of lutetium–176}} ...g''' is a [[Geochronology|geochronological]] dating method utilizing the [[radioactive decay]] system of [[lutetium]]–176 to [[hafnium]]–176.<ref name=":4"/> With ...

...E, the collaboration followed several procedures to minimize [[radioactive contamination]] that can cause the detectors to register background events at energies cl ...tower with better surface purity and significantly reduced radon and other contamination.<ref name="Artusa2014" /> It was operated in the Cuoricino cryostat from 20 ...

...sor|first4=D. D.|last5=Fellows|first5=R. L.|title=Chemical consequences of radioactive decay. 1. Study of californium-249 ingrowth into crystalline berkelium-249 ...an intrinsic obstacle in studying berkelium properties. Besides a chemical contamination, ²⁴⁹Cf, as an [[alpha emitter]] brings undesirable self-damage o ...

*It must not become sufficiently [[Induced radioactivity|radioactive]] so as to produce unacceptable amounts of [[nuclear waste]] when lining re *Minimize contamination of the plasma. ...

...functions. The first is to protect the [[melt (manufacturing)|melt]] from contamination. The second is to accept unwanted liquid and solid impurities. Finally, [[s ...from ²⁰⁴Pb, the [[lead]] [[isotope]]s are all products of the [[radioactive decay]] of [[uranium]] and [[thorium]]. When ore is deposited, [[uranium]] ...

...Journal of Structural Geology, 24(6), 1013–1028.</ref> The dating uses the radioactive processes in monazite as a clock. ...f [[radioactive]] elements [[Thorium|Th]] and [[Uranium|U]], which trigger radioactive processes. These two elements are what make this mineral suitable for [[rad ...

...me closed for the I-Xe system, Xe isotope evolution began to obey a simple radioactive decay law as shown below and became predictable. ...he interval between t₁ and t₀ is given by the law of radioactive decay as ...

...ectromagnetic radiation]] arising from high energy interactions like the [[radioactive decay]] of [[atomic nuclei]] or astronomical events like solar flares. It c Gamma rays from radioactive decay are in the energy range from a few kilo[[electronvolts]] (keV) to app ...

...isbn = 1-86094-117-6}}</ref> A [[radioisotope heater unit]] is powered by radioactive decay and can keep components from becoming too cold to function, potential ...(RPS) used in space missions have utilized Pu-238. [[Plutonium-238]] is a radioactive element that emits alpha particles. Although [[NASA]] states that it exists ...

...n a lake with the inlet and outlet on opposite sides and [[Nuclear fallout|radioactive material]] introduced high in the [[stratosphere]] by a [[Nuclear weapons t ...th>: ''E'' and ''I'' are [[exponential distribution]]s. Examples include [[radioactive decay]] and [[Rate equation#first-order reaction|first order chemical react ...

...ith a half-life of 5.26 years, this could produce long-lasting radioactive contamination.<ref name="Nuclear Weapon Archive" /> The British [[British nuclear tests a ...

...releases a very large amount of energy, even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay. Scientists already knew about [[alpha decay]] and [[beta decay]], bu ...[[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for his "demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of ...

...towards radiation. The effects of natural [[Cosmic ray|cosmic radiation]], radioactive substances such as [[radon]] and [[radium]] found in the environment, and t The handling of radioactive substances and ionizing radiation (if not covered by the X-ray Ordinance) i ...

...arvnb|Cole et al.|2011|pp=2589–2590}}</ref> Recent examples of heavy metal contamination and health risks include the occurrence of [[Minamata disease]], in Japan ( Because denser materials absorb more of certain types of radioactive emissions such as [[Gamma ray|gamma rays]] than lighter ones, heavy metals ...

...sfn|Barr|Dobos|Kiss|2018|p=12}} This heat source is likely dominant over [[radioactive decay]], both of which have substantial uncertainties and are considerably ...sub>{{sfn|Turbet|Bolmont|Bourrier|Demory|2020|p=29}} or internal heat from radioactive decay and tidal heating may warm its surface to above the melting point of ...

...reversed Rutherford's incorrect notion. Alvarez reasoned that tritium was radioactive, but did not measure the half-life, though calculations at the time suggest === Stable vs radioactive isotopes === ...