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...he [[atomic nucleus]], and is related to the [[chemical bond]]s which bind atoms together.<ref>{{Cite book ..., in [[outer space#Environment|outer space]]) the average distance between atoms can be as large as a [[meter]]. In this case, the atomic spacing is not ref ...

...approximation]] has a simpler form, since cross-diagonal elements between atoms in the same set are necessarily 0. Moreover, if the alternant hydrocarbon contains an odd number of atoms then there must be an unpaired orbital with zero bonding energy (a [[non-bo ...

...xt of signals for which there exists a sparse representation consisting of atoms or columns of a redundant dictionary matrix, A. where <math>\boldsymbol{a}_k</math> are the columns (atoms) of the dictionary <math>\boldsymbol{A} </math>.<ref>{{cite journal | title ...

...the quadruple-perovskite CaCu3Ir4O12 |year=2017 }}</ref> Therefore, if two atoms of the lattice are separate by a distance greater than the Hill limit, the ...

===Three-parameter atoms=== ===Four-parameter atoms (chirplet)=== ...

Unlike [[Salt (chemistry)|salt]]s, dipolar compounds have charges on separate atoms, not on positive and negative [[ion]]s that make up the compound. Dipolar c ...emistry)|resonance structure]]. Contributing structures containing charged atoms are denoted as [[zwitterions]]. ...

...Zn2.jpg|thumb|Unit cell of Laves phase with MgZn₂ structure (Mg atoms are green).]] ..., or a related structure, and the B atoms form [[tetrahedra]] around the A atoms for the AB₂ structure.<ref>[http://cst-www.nrl.navy.mil/lattice/ ...

{{Short description|Gas made of free atoms}} ...t is usually applied to [[gas]]es: a '''monatomic gas''' is a gas in which atoms are not bound to each other. Examples at [[Standard temperature and pressur ...

...bsorption spectroscopy]] measures the doppler-broadened transition, so the atoms must be cooled to millikelvin temperatures to achieve the same sensitivity ...pump beam. Another counter-propagating weak beam is also sent through the atoms at the same frequency, known as the probe beam. The absorption of the probe ...

: N₂ (molecular gas) {{eqm}} 2 N (dissolved atoms) : ''c''_at is the concentration of the dissolved atoms into the metal (in the case above, atomic nitrogen N), ...

...ctures, where some regions are enriched and some are depleted with certain atoms.<ref name=r2/> ...

...g''' is a class of laser cooling techniques that reduce the temperature of atoms and molecules below the [[Doppler cooling limit]]. In experiment implementa |title=Cooling and capture of atoms and molecules by a resonant light field ...

...[[spectral lines]] of an alloy are broadened by the random distribution of atoms within the alloy.<ref>Bahaa E. A. Saleh, Malvin Carl Teich: ''Grundlagen de ...olume, i.e. <math>N = V_{exc} \cdot n</math> with <math>n</math> being the atoms per volume. ...

{{Short description|Molecules made of three atoms}} [[Ozone]], O₃ is an example of a triatomic molecule with all atoms the same. [[Triatomic hydrogen]], H₃, is unstable and breaks up ...

{{Short description|Concentration of chemical orbitals on adjacent atoms}} ...sup>3</sup> in the case of methane) which are directed toward the hydrogen atoms. The carbon hybrid orbitals have greater overlap with the hydrogen orbitals ...

...quality atoms and <math>\psi</math> is a non-empty conjunction of equality atoms. A relational atom has the form <math>R(w_1,\ldots,w_h)</math> and an equal Actually, one can remove all equality atoms from the body of the dependency without loss of generality.<ref>{{harv|Abit ...

...ydrogen atoms{{dash}}the methyltetrahydrofolate contains only two hydrogen atoms more than the tetrahydrofolate. The cobalt atom is able to change oxidation ...

...r [[Fick's law of diffusion|Fick’s law]], the net [[flux]] (or movement of atoms) is always in the opposite direction of the [[concentration]] [[gradient]]. ...site to one of its nearest neighboring interstitial sites. The movement of atoms can be described as jumps, and the interstitial [[diffusion coefficient]] d ...

...ived by [[Robert J. LeRoy]], defines the internuclear distance between two atoms at which LeRoy-[[Richard Barry Bernstein|Bernstein]] theory (sometimes call ........5...42L }}</ref> In this limit, the interaction potential between two atoms can be approximated as <math>V(r) = \mathfrak{D} - C_{n}/r^{n}</math>, whic ...

# The excess charge of the solute atoms localizes around them. ...s several atomic %, an alloy is formed and the interaction among the added atoms can no longer be neglected. ...