View source for List of thermal conductivities

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{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2016}}
In [[heat transfer]], the '''thermal conductivity''' of a substance, ''k'', is an [[intensive property]] that indicates its ability to conduct [[heat]].  For most materials, the amount of heat conducted varies (usually non-linearly) with temperature.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-metals-d_858.html |title=Metals, Metallic Elements and Alloys - Thermal Conductivities |publisher=Engineeringtoolbox.com |date= |accessdate=2022-03-15}}</ref>

[[Thermal conductivity]] is often measured with [[laser flash analysis]]. Alternative [[Thermal conductivity measurement|measurements]] are also established.

Mixtures may have variable thermal conductivities due to composition. Note that for gases in usual conditions, heat transfer by [[advection]] (caused by [[convection]] or [[turbulence]] for instance) is the dominant mechanism compared to [[conduction (heat)|conduction]].

This table shows thermal conductivity in [[International System of Units|SI units]] of watts per metre-kelvin (W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>).  Some measurements use the imperial unit [[BTU]]s per foot per hour per degree Fahrenheit ({{nowrap|1 BTU h<sup>−1</sup> ft<sup>−1</sup> F<sup>−1</sup>}} = {{nowrap|1.728 W·m<sup>−1</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>).<ref name="Wright2010">{{Cite book|author=Roger N. Wright|title=Wire Technology: Process Engineering and Metallurgy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YXp6zao0HqgC&pg=PA281|date=3 December 2010|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-0-12-382093-8|page=281}}</ref>}}

==Sortable list==
This concerns materials at atmospheric pressure and around {{cvt|293|K|C}}.
{{sticky header}}
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
! Material
! Thermal conductivity<br>&#91;[[Watt|W]]·[[Metre|m]]<sup>−1</sup>·[[Kelvin|K]]<sup>−1</sup>&#93;<!--{{ntsh|x}} this tag allows entry of a rough average from the literature to make the table sortable. -->
! class=unsortable|Notes
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Poly(methyl methacrylate)|Acrylic glass]] (Plexiglas V045i)
| {{ntsh|0.190}}0.170<ref name="GoodFellow-PMMA">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polymethylmethacrylate.html|title=Polymethylmethacrylate - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>–0.200<ref name="Plexiglas">{{cite web |url=http://www.plexiglas.com/tds/4b.pdf |title=Typical Physical Properties, Plexiglas® V045i, Acrylic Resin |access-date=2008-10-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070223072449/http://www.plexiglas.com/tds/4b.pdf |archive-date=23 February 2007 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Alcohol (chemistry)|Alcohol]]s, [[oil]]s
| {{nts|0.100}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Hukseflux"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Alumina]]
| {{nts|30}}<ref name="properties">[http://www.makeitfrom.com/data/?material=Alumina Material Properties Data: Alumina (Aluminium Oxide)] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100401131344/http://www.makeitfrom.com/data/?material=Alumina |date=2010-04-01 }}. Makeitfrom.com. Retrieved on 2013-04-17.</ref>
| For main article, see [[Aluminium oxide]].
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Aluminium]]
| {{nts|237}}<ref name="TPRC1G" />
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Aluminium nitride]]
| {{nts|321}}<ref>Cheng, Zhe; Koh, Yee Rui; Mamun, Abdullah; Shi, Jingjing; Bai, Tingyu; Huynh, Kenny; Yates, Luke; Liu, Zeyu; Li, Ruiyang; Lee, Eungkyu; Liao, Michael E.; Wang, Yekan; Yu, Hsuan Ming; Kushimoto, Maki; Luo, Tengfei; Goorsky, Mark S.; Hopkins, Patrick E.; Amano, Hiroshi; Khan, Asif; Graham, Samuel (2020). "Experimental observation of high intrinsic thermal conductivity of AlN". Physical Review Materials. 4 (4): 044602. arXiv:1911.01595. Bibcode:2020PhRvM...4d4602C. doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.4.044602. S2CID 207780348.</ref>
| For high-quality single crystal.
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Beryllia]]
| {{nts|209}}–330<ref name="BeO-properties">{{cite web|url=https://www.makeitfrom.com/material-properties/Beryllia-Beryllium-Oxide-BeO |title=Beryllia (Beryllium Oxide, BeO) |publisher=MakeItFrom.com |date=2020-05-30 |accessdate=2022-03-15}}</ref><ref name="BeO-properties2">{{cite web|url=https://www.americanberyllia.com/beryllium-oxide |title=American Beryllia |publisher=American Beryllia |date=2014-09-12 |accessdate=2022-03-15}}</ref><ref name="BeO-properties3">{{Cite web |url=https://www.azom.com/properties.aspx?ArticleID=263 |title=Beryllium Oxide - Beryllia |website=AZO Materials}}</ref>
| For main article, see [[Beryllium oxide]].
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Bismuth]]
| {{nts|7.97}}
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Boron arsenide]]
| {{nts|1300|format=no}}<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1126/science.aat5522|pmid=29976798|title=Experimental observation of high thermal conductivity in boron arsenide|journal=Science|volume=361|issue=6402|pages=575–578|year=2018|last1=Kang|first1=Joon Sang|last2=Li|first2=Man|last3=Wu|first3=Huan|last4=Nguyen|first4=Huuduy|last5=Hu|first5=Yongjie|bibcode=2018Sci...361..575K|doi-access=free}}</ref>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Boron nitride#Structure|Cubic boron nitride]]
| {{nts|740}}<ref>Leichtfried, G.; et al. (2002). "13.5 Properties of diamond and cubic boron nitride". In P. Beiss; et al. (eds.). Landolt-Börnstein – Group VIII Advanced Materials and Technologies: Powder Metallurgy Data. Refractory, Hard and Intermetallic Materials. Landolt-Börnstein - Group VIII Advanced Materials and Technologies. Vol. 2A2. Berlin: Springer. pp. 118–139. doi:10.1007/b83029. ISBN 978-3-540-42961-6.</ref>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Copper]]
| {{nts|401}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Copper">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Copper.html|title=Copper - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>
| For main article, see [[Copper in heat exchangers]].
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Diamond]]
| {{Nts|1000|format=no}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Fiberglass]] or [[foam]]-glass
| {{Nts|0.045}}<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Germanium]]
| {{Nts|60.2}}
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Gold]]
| {{Nts|318}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Kapton]] (tape)
| {{Nts|0.20}}<ref name="Kapton">{{cite web|url=https://www.dupont.com/content/dam/electronics/amer/us/en/electronics/public/documents/en/EI-10206-Kapton-HN-Data-Sheet.pdf |title=DuPont Kapton HN Polyimide Film |publisher=dupont.com |date=2024-07-30 |accessdate=2025-01-28}}</ref>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Manganese]]
| {{Nts|7.810}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
| Lowest thermal conductivity of any pure metal.<ref>Apart from maybe [[Neptunium]] (6.3 W/(m⋅K)) and [[Plutonium]] (6.74 W/(m⋅K)).</ref>
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Marble]]
| {{Ntsh|2.505}}2.070–2.940<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Marble-Institute"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Expanded polystyrene]]
| {{Ntsh|.036}}0.033–0.046<ref name="Yucel"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Polyurethane]] foam
| {{Nts|0.03}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|- 
| {{rh}} | [[Aerogel|Silica aerogel]]
| {{Nts|0.02}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|  
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Silicon nitride]]
| {{Nts|90}},<ref name="aip.scitation.org">{{cite journal | doi=10.1063/1.4996314 | title=Thermal and electrical properties of silicon nitride substrates | date=2017 | last1=Dow | first1=Hwan Soo | last2=Kim | first2=Woo Sik | last3=Lee | first3=Jung Woo | journal=AIP Advances | volume=7 | issue=9 | doi-access=free | bibcode=2017AIPA....7i5022D }}</ref> 177<ref name="sciencedirect.com">{{Cite journal |last1=Zhou |first1=You |last2=Hyuga |first2=Hideki |last3=Kusano |first3=Dai |last4=Yoshizawa |first4=Yu-ichi |last5=Ohji |first5=Tatsuki |last6=Hirao |first6=Kiyoshi |date=2015 |title=Development of high-thermal-conductivity silicon nitride ceramics |journal=Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=221–229 |doi=10.1016/j.jascer.2015.03.003|doi-access=free }}</ref>
| Ceramics material.
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Silver]]
| {{Nts|406}}<ref name="HyperPhysics" />
| Highest thermal conductivity of any pure metal.
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Snow]] (dry)
| {{Ntsh|0.136}}0.050<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>–0.250<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Teflon]] 
| {{Nts|0.250}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}} | [[Water]]
| {{Nts|0.5918}}<ref name="TPRC3G"/>
| 
|}

==Analytical list==
Thermal conductivities have been measured with longitudinal heat flow methods where the experimental arrangement is so designed to accommodate heat flow in only the axial direction, temperatures are constant, and radial heat loss is prevented or minimized. For the sake of simplicity the conductivities that are found by that method in all of its variations are noted as '''L''' conductivities, those that are found by radial measurements of the sort are noted as '''R''' conductivities, and those that are found from periodic or transient heat flow are distinguished as '''P''' conductivities. Numerous variations of all of the above and various other methods have been discussed by some G.&nbsp;K. White, M.&nbsp;J. Laubits, D.&nbsp;R. Flynn, B.&nbsp;O. Peirce and R.&nbsp;W. Wilson and various other theorists who are noted in an international Data Series from Purdue University, Volume '''I''' pages 14a–38a.<ref name="TPRC1G" />

This concerns materials at various temperatures and pressures.
{| class="wikitable sortable sticky-header"
! Material
! Thermal conductivity &#91;[[Watt|W]]·[[Metre|m]]<sup>−1</sup>·[[Kelvin|K]]<sup>−1</sup>&#93;
! [[Temperature]] [K]
! [[Electrical conductivity]] @ 293&nbsp;K<br />&#91;[[Ohm|Ω]]<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>&#93;
! class=unsortable|Notes
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Poly(methyl methacrylate)|Acrylic glass]] (Plexiglas V045i)
| {{Ntsh|0.18667}}0.17<ref name="GoodFellow-PMMA"/>-0.19<ref name="GoodFellow-PMMA"/>-0.2<ref name="Plexiglas"/>
| {{Nts|296}}<ref name="GoodFellow-PMMA"/>
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(8*10^13)^-1}}}}{{#expr:(14*10^13)^-1round18}}<ref name="GoodFellow-PMMA"/> - {{#expr:(2*10^13)^-1round14}}<ref name="GoodFellow-PMMA"/>
| Note: There are no negative conductivities and the symbols that could be read that way are hyphens to separate various estimates and measurements.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Earth's atmosphere|Air and thin air and high tech vacuums]], macrostructure
| {{Ntsh|.02425}}0.024<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-d_429.html|title=Thermal Conductivity of common Materials and Gases|website=www.engineeringtoolbox.com}}</ref><ref name="HyperPhysics">[http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/tables/thrcn.html HyperPhysics], most from Young, Hugh D., University Physics, 7th Ed., Addison Wesley, 1992. Table 15-5. (most data should be at 293&nbsp;K (20&nbsp;°C; 68&nbsp;°F))</ref><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-156">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/air-properties-d_156.html|title=Air - Thermophysical Properties|website=www.engineeringtoolbox.com}}</ref>-0.025<ref name="Hukseflux">{{cite web|url=http://www.hukseflux.com/thermalScience/thermalConductivity.html|title=Products & Services - Hukseflux Thermal Sensors|website=www.hukseflux.com}}</ref><br />0.0262 (1 bar)<ref name=crc84.6-195/><br />0.0457 (1 bar)<ref name=crc84.6-195/><br /><br />'''Formula values'''<br />''d=1 centimeter''<br />''Standard Atmospheric Pressure''<br />0.0209<br />0.0235<br />0.0260<br />List<ref name="Weast">Weast, Robert C., Editor-in chief, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 48th Edition, 1967-1968, Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1967</ref><br />''0.1 atmosphere''<br />0.0209<br />0.0235<br />0.0260<br />''0.01 atmospheres''<br />0.0209<br />0.0235<br />0.0259<br />''0.001 atmospheres''<br />0.0205<br />0.0230<br />0.0254<br />''0.0001 atmospheres''<br />0.0178<br />0.0196<br />0.0212<br />''10<sup>−5</sup>atmospheres''<br />0.00760<br />0.00783<br />0.00800<br />''10<sup>−6</sup>atmospheres''<br />0.00113<br />0.00112<br />0.00111<br />''10<sup>−7</sup>atmospheres''<br />0.000119<br />0.000117<br />0.000115<br />List<br /><ref name="Lasance">Lasance, Clemens J., "The Thermal Conductivity of Air at Reduced Pressures and Length Scales," ''Electronics Cooling'', November 2002, http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2002/11/the-thermal-conductivity-of-air-at-reduced-pressures-and-length-scales/ Retrieved 05:20, 10 April 2016 (UTC).</ref> 
| {{Ntsh|284.25}}273<ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-156"/>-293<ref name="Hukseflux"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><br />300<ref name=crc84.6-195/><br />600<ref name=crc84.6-195/><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br /><br />
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:.539*10^-14}}}}hiAerosols2.95<ref name="Pawar">{{cite journal|doi=10.1029/2007JD009716|title=Effect of relative humidity and sea level pressure on electrical conductivity of air over Indian Ocean|year=2009|author=Pawar, S. D.|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|volume=114|issue=D2|pages=D02205|last2=Murugavel|first2=P.|last3=Lal|first3=D. M.|bibcode=2009JGRD..114.2205P|doi-access=free}}</ref>-loAerosols7.83<ref name="Pawar"/>×10<sup>−15</sup>
| (78.03%[[Nitrogen|N<sub>2</sub>]],21%[[Oxygen|O<sub>2</sub>]],+0.93%[[Argon|Ar]],+0.04%[[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]]) (1 [[Atmosphere (unit)|atm]])<br /><br />The plate distance is one centimeter, the special conductivity values were calculated from the Lasance approximation formula in ''The Thermal conductivity of Air at Reduced Pressures and Length Scales''<ref name="Lasance" /> and the primary values were taken from Weast at the normal pressure tables in the CRC handbook on page E2.<ref name="Weast" /><br /><br />Let '''K<sub>0</sub> ''' is the normal conductivity at one bar (10<sup>5</sup> N/m<sup>2</sup>) pressure, '''K<sub>e</sub>''' is its conductivity at special pressure and/or length scale.  Let '''d''' is a plate distance in meters, '''P''' is an air pressure in Pascals (N/m<sup>2</sup>), '''T''' is temperature Kelvin, '''C''' is this Lasance constant 7.6 ⋅ 10<sup>−5</sup> m ⋅ K/N and '''PP''' is the product '''P ⋅ d/T'''.  The Lasance approximation formula is '''K<sub>e</sub>/K<sub>0</sub> = 1/(1+C/PP)'''.<br />Some readers might find the notation confusing since the original '''mK''' might be interpreted as milliKelvins when it is really meter-Kelvins. He<sup>(Lasance?)</sup> puts a one (1) at the end of his equation so that it appears like this: K<sub>e</sub>/K<sub>0</sub> = 1/(1+C/PP)(1). Eventually you can find out from his graph that the (1) at the end is not part of his formula and instead he is citing his graph.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Earth's atmosphere|Air and thin air and high tech vacuums]], microstructure
| {{Ntsh|.02425}} '''Formula Values'''<br />''d=1 millimeter''<br />''Standard Atmospheric Pressure''<br />0.0209<br />0.0235<br />0.0260<br />''0.1 atmosphere''<br />0.0209<br />0.0235<br />0.0259<br />''0.01 atmospheres''<br />0.0205<br />0.0230<br />0.0254<br />''0.001 atmospheres''<br />0.0178<br />0.0196<br />0.0212<br />''0.0001 atmospheres''<br />0.00760<br />0.00783<br />0.00800<br />''10<sup>−5</sup> atmospheres''<br />0.00113<br />0.00112<br />0.00111<br />''10<sup>−6</sup> atmospheres''<br />0.000119<br />0.000117<br />0.000115<br />''10<sup>−7</sup> atmospheres''<br />0.0000119<br />0.0000117<br />0.0000116<br />List<ref name="Lasance" />
|<br /><br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />233.2<br />266.5<br />299.9<br /><br />
|
|All values calculated from the Lasance formula:  Lasance, Clemens J., "The Thermal Conductivity of Air at Reduced Pressures and Length Scales," Electronics Cooling, November 2002.<ref name="Lasance" />  Plate separation = one millimeter.
|- 
| {{rh}}|[[Earth's atmosphere|Air]], standard air
| {{Nts}}0.00922<br />0.01375<br />0.01810<br />0.02226<br />0.02614<br />0.02970<br />0.03305<br />0.03633<br />0.03951<br />0.0456<br />0.0513<br />0.0569<br />0.0625<br />0.0672<br />0.0717<br />0.0759<br />0.0797<br />0.0835<br />0.0870<br />List, TPRC '''3''', pp 511–12<ref name="TPRC3G" />
| {{Nts}}100<br />150<br />200<br />250<br />300<br />350<br />400<br />450<br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br />900<br />1000<br />1100<br />1200<br />1300<br />1400<br />1500<br /><br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}<ref name="TPRC3G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Earth's atmosphere|Air]], typical air
| {{Nts}}''30°N January''<br />Sea Level: 0.02535<br />1000 meters: 0.02509<br />2000 meters: 0.02483<br />3000 meters: 0.02429<br />''30°N July''<br />Sea Level: 0.02660<br />1000 meters: 0.02590<br />2000 meters: 0.02543<br />3000 meters: 0.02497<br />''60°N January''<br />Sea Level: 0.02286<br />1000 meters: 0.02302<br />2000 meters: 0.02276<br />3000 meters: 0.02250<br />List USSAS pp 103, 107 &123<ref>Dubin, Maurice; Sissenwine, Norman and Tewels, Sidney, NASA, AFCRL & ESSA ''US Standard Atmosphere Supplements'', US Government Printing Office 1996.</ref>
| {{Nts}}<br />288.52<br />285.25<br />281.87<br />275.14<br /><br />304.58<br />295.59<br />289.56<br />283.75<br /><br />257.28<br />259.31<br />256.08<br />252.85<br /><br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}TPRC standard air is very nearly equivalent to typical air worldwide.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Earth's Atmosphere|Air]], wet air
| {{Nts}}≈Typical Air
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}<ref name="Robertson" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Earth's atmosphere|Air in motor windings at normal pressure]], Lasance approximations
| {{Nts}}''360 Kelvins''<br />10<sup>−2</sup> meters: 0.03039<br />10<sup>−3</sup> meters: 0.03038<br />10<sup>−4</sup> meters: 0.03031<br />10<sup>−5</sup> meters: 0.02959<br />List, TPRC Vol 3 page 512.<ref name="TPRC3G" /><ref name="Lasance" />
| {{Nts}}<br /><br />360 
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}An investigator has reported some high values for the thermal conductivity of some metal air laminates both varnished and otherwise.  See Taylor, T.S., ''Elec. World'' Vol 76 (24), 1159–62, 1920 in TPRC Data Series Vol 2, pp 1037–9.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Alcohol (chemistry)|Alcohol]]s or [[oil]]s
| {{Ntsh|.157}}0.1<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Hukseflux"/>-0.110<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1260">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-liquids-d_1260.html|title=Thermal Conductivities for some common Liquids|website=www.engineeringtoolbox.com}}</ref>-0.21<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Hukseflux"/>-0.212<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1260"/>
| {{Ntsh|297}}293<ref name="Hukseflux"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-300<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1260"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Aluminium]],<ref name="Aluminium or aluminum">{{youTube|id=4AhZ8503WPs#t=9m16s|title=Aluminium (or Aluminum) - Periodic Table of Videos (9:16)}}</ref> alloy
| {{Ntsh|120}} '''Mannchen 1931:'''<br />''92% Aluminum, 8% Magnesium''<br />''Cast'' '''L'''<br />72.8<br />100.0<br />126.4<br />139.8<br /><br />''Annealed'' '''L'''<br />76.6<br />104.6<br />120.1<br />135.6<br /><br />''88%Aluminium, 12% Magnesium'' <br />''Cast''<br />56.1<br />77.4<br />101.3<br />118.4<br /><br />'''Mever-Rassler 1940:'''<br />''93.0% Aluminium, 7.0% Magnesium''<br />108.7<br />List<ref name="TPRC1G" />
| {{Nts}}<br /><br />87<br />273<br />373<br />476<br /><br /><br />87<br />273<br />373<br />476<br /><br /><br /><br />87<br />273<br />373<br />476<br /><br /><br /><br />348.2<br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}Mannchen, W., Z Metalik..'''23''', 193–6, 1931 in TPRC Volume 1 pages 478, 479 and 1447.

Mever-Rassler.  The Mever-Rassler alloy has a density of 2.63 g cm<sup>−1</sup>.  Mever-Rassler, F., Metallwirtschaft. '''19''', 713–21, 1940 in Volume 1 pages 478, 479 and 1464.<ref name="TPRC1G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Aluminium]],<ref name="Aluminium or aluminum"/> pure
| {{Ntsh|226.8}}204.3<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-metals-d_858.html|title=Thermal Conductivity of Metals|website=www.engineeringtoolbox.com}}</ref>-205<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-220<ref name="EngineersEdge">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineersedge.com/properties_of_metals.htm|title=Thermal Properties of Metals, Conductivity, Thermal Expansion, Specific Heat - Engineers Edge|first=Engineers Edge|last=LLC.|website=www.engineersedge.com}}</ref>-237<ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="Wikipedia-Th">[[Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)]]</ref><ref name="ElectroIQ"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Aluminium">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Aluminium.html |title=Aluminium - Goodfellow, online source, sources, small quantity, quantities |access-date=2008-11-13 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081113201513/http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Aluminium.html |archive-date=13 November 2008 }}</ref>-250<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><br />214.6<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br />249.3<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br />'''CRC Aluminum'''<br />''99.996+% Pure Aluminum''<br />780<br />1550<br />2320<br />3080<br />3810<br />4510<br />5150<br />5730<br />6220<br />6610<br />6900<br />7080<br />7150<br />7130<br />7020<br />6840<br />6350<br />5650<br />4000<br />2850<br />2100<br />1600<br />1250<br />1000<br />670<br />500<br />400<br />340<br />300<br />247<br />237<br />235<br />236<br />237<br />240<br />240<br />237<br />232<br />226<br />220<br />213<br />List<ref name="Weast" />
| {{Ntsh|379}}293<ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Aluminium"/><br />366<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br />478<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br /><br /><br /><br />1<br />2<br />3<br />4<br />5<br />6<br />7<br />8<br />9<br />10<br />11<br />12<br />13<br />14<br />15<br />16<br />18<br />20<br />25<br />30<br />35<br />40<br />45<br />50<br />60<br />70<br />80<br />90<br />100<br />150<br />200<br />250<br />273<br />300<br />350<br />400<br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br />900<br /><br /><br />
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(2.66*10^-8)^-1}}}}{{formatnum:{{#expr:(2.67*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Aluminium"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(2.65*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="Wikipedia-El">[[Electrical resistivities of the elements (data page)]]</ref>

Cryogenic:  up to 1.858 ⋅ 10<sup>11</sup> at 4.2 K.<ref>Amundsen, T. and Olsen T., ''Phil. Mag.'', '''11''' (111), 561-74, 1965 in TPRC Data Series Volume 1 page 5.</ref><ref name="TPRC1G" />

''Formula Values''<br />3.85 ⋅ 10<sup>7</sup> at 273.15K; 3.45 ⋅ 10<sup>7</sup> at 300K; 2.50 ⋅ 10<sup>7</sup> at 400K.<ref name="Serwayohms" /> 
| {{Nts}}This material is superconductive (electrical) at temperatures below 1.183 Kelvins.  Weast page E-78<ref name="Weast" />
|- 
| {{rh}}|[[Aluminum]],<ref name="Aluminium or aluminum"/> ultrapure
| {{Ntsh|237}}'''TPRC Aluminum'''<br />''99.9999% Pure Aluminum''<br />4102<br />8200<br />12100<br />15700<br />18800<br />21300<br />22900<br />23800<br />24000<br />23500<br />22700<br />20200<br />17600<br />11700<br />7730<br />3180[?]<br />2380<br />1230<br />754<br />532<br />414<br />344<br />302<br />248<br />237<br />236<br />237<br />240<br />237<br />232<br />226<br />220<br />213<br />List<ref name="TPRC1G" />
| {{Nts}}<br /><br />1<br />2<br />3<br />4<br />5<br />6<br />7<br />8<br />9<br />10<br />11<br />13<br />15<br />20<br />25<br />30<br />40<br />50<br />60<br />70<br />80<br />90<br />100<br />150<br />200<br />273.2<br />300<br />400<br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br />900<br /><br /> 
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}These are not measured values.

Very high thermal conductivity measurements up to 22,600 w m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> were reported by Fenton, E.W., Rogers, J.S. and Woods, S.D. in reference 570 on page 1458, '''41''', 2026–33, 1963. The data is listed on pages 6 through 8 and graphed on page 1 where Fenton and company are on curves 63 and 64.

Next the government-recommended values are listed and graphed on page 9.

Thermophysical Properties Research Center.  Performing Organization:  Purdue University.  Controlling Organization:  Defense Logistics Agency.  Documented summaries from numerous scientific journals, etc. and critical estimates.  17000 pages in 13 volumes.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Aluminium nitride]]
| {{Ntsh|178.333}}170<ref name="ElectroIQ">{{cite journal |author1=Greg Becker |author2=Chris Lee |author3=Zuchen Lin |name-list-style=amp |title=Thermal conductivity in advanced chips — Emerging generation of thermal greases offers advantages |journal=Advanced Packaging |date=July 2005 |pages=2–4 |url=http://www.electroiq.com/index/display/packaging-article-display/231839/articles/advanced-packaging/volume-14/issue-7/features/cover-story/thermal-conductivity-in-advanced-chips.html |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130102114434/http://www.electroiq.com/index/display/packaging-article-display/231839/articles/advanced-packaging/volume-14/issue-7/features/cover-story/thermal-conductivity-in-advanced-chips.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-01-02 |access-date=4 March 2008 }}</ref>-175<ref name="GoodFellow-AluminiumNitride">http://www.goodfellow.com/E/AluminiumNitride'.html {{dead link|date=July 2018}}</ref>-190<ref name="GoodFellow-AluminiumNitride"/>
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="GoodFellow-AluminiumNitride"/>
| {{Nts|{{#expr:10^-11}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-AluminiumNitride"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Alumina|Aluminium oxide]]
| {{Ntsh|34}} '''Pure''' 26<ref name="GoodFellow-Alumina">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Alumina.html|title=Alumina - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>-30<ref name="Hukseflux"/>-35<ref name="GoodFellow-Alumina"/>-39<ref name="ElectroIQ"/>-40<ref name="AZoM">[http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=3382#_Thermal_Properties Alumina (Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) - Physical, Mechanical, Thermal, Electrical and Chemical Properties - Supplier Data by Ceramaret] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070808035038/http://www.azom.com/details.asp?ArticleID=3382 |date=8 August 2007 }}</ref><br />'''NBS, Ordinary'''<br />27<br />16<br />10.5<br />8.0<br />6.6<br />5.9<br />5.6<br />5.6<br />6.0<br />7.2<br />List<ref name="Alumina101">R.W.Powell, C.Y.Ho and P.E.Liley, Thermal Conductivity of Selected Materials, NSRDS-NBS 8, Issued 25 November 1966, pages 73-83>[https://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS-8.pdf Link Text]</ref><br />'''Slip Cast''' '''R'''<br /> 11.1<br />10.0<br />8.37<br />7.95<br />6.90<br />5.86<br />5.65<br />5.65<br />5.65<br />List: Kingery, TPRC '''II''' page 99 curve 7 ref.5<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />'''Sapphire''' '''R'''<br /> 15.5<br />13.9<br />12.4<br />10.6<br />8.71<br />8.04<br />7.68<br />7.59<br />7.61<br />7.86<br />8.13<br />8.49<br />List: Kingery, TPRC '''II''' page 96 curve 19 ref.72<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Alumina"/><ref name="AZoM"/><br /><br />400<br />600<br />800<br />1000<br />1200<br />1400<br />1600<br />1800<br />2000<br />2200<br /><br /><br />613.2<br />688.2<br />703.2<br />873.2<br />943.2<br />1033.2<br />1093<br />1203.2<br />1258.2<br /><br /><br />591.5<br />651.2<br />690.2<br />775.2<br />957.2<br />1073.2<br />1173.2<br />1257.2<br />1313.2<br />1384.2<br />14X9.2<br />1508.2<br />
| {{Nts|{{#expr:10^-12}}}}-<ref name="GoodFellow-Alumina"/><ref name="AZoM"/>
|The NBS recommended ordinary values are for 99.5% pure polycrystalline alumina at 98% density.<ref name="Alumina101" />  Slip Cast Values are taken from Kingery, W.D., J. Am Ceram. Soc., '''37''', 88–90, 1954, TPRC '''II''' page 99 curve 7 ref. 5 page 1159.<ref name="TPRC2G" />  Sapphire values are taken from Kingery, W.D. and Norton, F.H., USAEC Rept. NYO-6447, 1–14, 1955, TPRC '''II''' pages 94, 96, curve 19 ref. 72 page 1160.<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br /><br />''Errata:''  The numbered references in the NSRDS-NBS-8 pdf are found near the end of the TPRC Data Book Volume 2 and not somewhere in Volume 3 like it says.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Aluminium oxide]], porous
| {{Ntsh|2.3}} '''22% Porosity''' 2.3<ref name="Alumina101" />
| Constant 1000-1773<ref name="Alumina101" />
|
|This is number 54 on pages 73 and 76. Shakhtin, D.M. and Vishnevskii, I.I., 1957, interval 893-1773 Kelvins.<ref name="Alumina101" /> 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Ammonia]], saturated
| {{Nts|0.507}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1260"/>
| {{Nts|300}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1260"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Argon]]
| {{Ntsh|.01738}}0.016<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-0.01772<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/>-0.0179<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="EngineersEdge-Gases">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineersedge.com/heat_transfer/thermal-conductivity-gases.htm|title=Thermal Conductivity of Gases Chart - Engineers Edge - www.engineersedge.com|first=Engineers Edge|last=LLC.|website=www.engineersedge.com}}</ref>
| {{Ntsh|299}}298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/>-300<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="EngineersEdge-Gases"/>
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Basalt]]
| {{Nts}}'''Stephens Basalt<br /><br />'''''Sample NTS No. 1'' '''R'''<br />1.76<br />1.62<br />1.80<br />1.84<br />1.63<br />1.84<br />1.58<br />1.92<br />1.84<br />''Sample NTS No. 2'' '''R'''<br />1.36<br />1.45<br />1.53<br />1.67<br />1.72<br />1.57<br />1.60<br />1.63<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br /><br />'''Robertson Basalt'''<br /><br />''5% olivine, 100% solidity* & 5MPa pressure''<br /><br />Intrinsic: K = 2.55 W ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup><br />Air in Pores: K =1.58<br />Water in Pores: K = 1.97<br />List: Robertson pages 7, 11 & 13.<ref name="Robertson" />
| {{Nts}}<br />576<br />596<br />658<br />704<br />748<br />822<br />895<br />964<br />1048<br /><br />442<br />483<br />529<br />584<br />623<br />711<br />762<br />858<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />300<br /><br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}These measurements of two samples of NTS Basalt were credited to some D.R. Stephens, USAEC UCRL — 7605, 1–19, 1963.  They are reported in the TPRC Data Series in Volume 2 on pages 798 and 799.

Ki-iti Horai, ''Thermal conductivity of Rock Forming minerals'', Journal of Geophysical Research, Volume 76, Issue 5, pages 1278 — 1308, February 10, 1971.

*Solidity ≡  The ratio of the volume of solid to the bulk volume, or the ratio of bulk density to solid grain density, d<sub>B</sub>/d<sub>G</sub>.  Robertson, p.&nbsp;5.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Beryllium oxide]]
| {{Ntsh|259.33333}}218<ref name="ElectroIQ"/>-260<ref name="GoodFellow-Beryllia">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Beryllia.html|title=Beryllia - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>-300<ref name="GoodFellow-Beryllia"/><br />'''TPRC Recommended'''<br />424<br />302<br />272<br />196<br />146<br />111<br />87<br />70<br />57<br />47<br />39<br />33<br />28.3<br />24.5<br />21.5<br />19.5<br />18.0<br />16.7<br />15.6<br />15.0<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Beryllia"/><br /><br />200<br />273.2<br />300<br />400<br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br />900<br />1000<br />1100<br />1200<br />1300<br />1400<br />1500<br />1600<br />1700<br />1800<br />1900<br />2000<br />
| {{Nts|{{#expr:10^-12}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Beryllia"/>
|Recommended values are found on page 137 of volume 2, TPRC Data Series, 1971<ref name="TPRC2G" /> 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Bismuth]]
| {{Nts|7.97}}<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/>
| {{Nts|300}}<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Brass]] Cu63%
| {{Nts|125}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Brass">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Brass.html|title=Brass - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>
| {{Nts|296}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Brass"/>
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(6.4*10^-8)^-1}}}}{{formatnum:{{#expr:(6.6*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Brass"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(6.2*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Brass"/>
| ([[Copper|Cu]]63%, [[Zinc|Zn]]37%)
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Brass]] Cu70%
| {{Ntsh|113}}109<ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Brass'">{{cite web |url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Brass'.html |title=Brass - online catalogue source, sources, small quantity and quantities from Goodfellow |access-date=28 December 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110617023541/http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Brass'.html |archive-date=17 June 2011 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref> - 121<ref name="GoodFellow-Brass'"/>
| {{Ntsh|295}}293<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-296<ref name="GoodFellow-Brass'"/>
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(7*10^-8)^-1}}}}{{formatnum:{{#expr:(7.8*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Brass'"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(6.2*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Brass'"/>
| ([[Copper|Cu]]70%, [[Zinc|Zn]]30%)
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Brick]] 
| {{Ntsh|.6875}}0.15<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-0.6<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-0.69<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-1.31<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><br /><br />'''British 2016:'''<br />Inner leaf (1700&nbsp;kg/m3): 0.62<ref name="LBU" /><br />Outer leaf (1700&nbsp;kg/m3): 0.84<ref name="LBU" /><br />'''1920s Values:'''<br />Brick #1:  0.674<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />Brick #2:  0.732<ref name="TPRC2G" /> 
| {{Ntsh|295.5}}293<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />373.2<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />373.2<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|
|Brick #1:  76.32% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 21.96%Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 1.88%Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> traces of CaO and MgO, commercial brick, density 1.795 g ⋅ cm<sup>−3</sup>.<br />Brick #2:  76.52%SiO<sub>2</sub>, 13.67%Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 6.77%Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 1.77%CaO, 0.42%MgO, 0.27%MnO, no specified density.  Judging from the descriptions the TPRC has put the wrong labels on their bricks, and if that is the case then Brick #1 is "Common Brick" and Brick #2 is "Red Brick."  Tadokoro, Y., Science Repts. Tohoku Imp. Univ., '''10''', 339–410, 1921, TPRC pages 493 & 1169.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
|{{rh}}|[[Bronze]]
| {{Ntsh|39.333}}26<ref name="EngineersEdge"/><br />42<ref name="GoodFellow-Bronze">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Bronze.html|title=Bronze - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>-50<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Bronze"/>
| {{Ntsh|295}}293<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-296<ref name="GoodFellow-Bronze"/>
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(15.5*10^-8)^-1}}}}<br />{{formatnum:{{#expr:(17*10^-8)^-1 round -3}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Bronze"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(14*10^-8)^-1 round -3}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Bronze"/>
| [[Tin|Sn]]25%<ref name="EngineersEdge"/><br />([[Copper|Cu]]89%, [[Tin|Sn]]11%)<ref name="GoodFellow-Bronze"/>
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Calcium silicate]]
| {{Nts|0.063}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1171">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/calcium-silicate-insulation-k-values-d_1171.html|title=Calcium Silicate Insulation|website=www.engineeringtoolbox.com}}</ref>
| {{Nts|373}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1171"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Carbon dioxide]]
| {{Ntsh|0.0146}}0.0146<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-0.01465<ref name="AirLiquide-26">{{cite web|url=http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/encyclopedia.asp?GasID=26|title=Carbon dioxide|date=10 July 2018}}</ref>-0.0168<ref name="EngineersEdge-Gases"/> (sat. liquid 0.087<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1000">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/carbon-dioxide-d_1000.html|title=Carbon Dioxide Properties|website=www.engineeringtoolbox.com}}</ref>)
| {{Ntsh|290.333}}298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-273<ref name="AirLiquide-26"/>-300<ref name="EngineersEdge-Gases"/> (293<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1000"/>)
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Carbon nanotube#Thermal properties|Carbon nanotubes]], bulk
| {{Ntsh|2.5}}2.5 (multiwall)<ref name="A.Agarwal, S.R p.8">"Carbon nanotubes : Reinforced metal matrix composites" by A.Agarwal, S.R.Bakshi and D.Lahiri, CRC Press, 2011 (ch.1, p.8, chart 1.1 : physical properties of carbon materials )</ref>  - 35 (single wall, disordered mats)<ref name="A.Agarwal, S.R p.8"/>  - 200(single wall, aligned mats)<ref name="A.Agarwal, S.R p.8"/> 
| {{Ntsh|300}}300<ref name="A.Agarwal, S.R p.8"/> 
| 
| "Bulk" refers to a group of nanotubes either arranged or disordered, for a single nanotube, see "carbon nanotube, single".<ref name="A.Agarwal, S.R p.8"/> 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Carbon nanotube#Thermal properties|Carbon nanotube]], single 
| {{Ntsh|3340}}3180 (multiwall)<ref name="CNT">{{cite web| url = http://hone.mech.columbia.edu/pdf/hone_thermal_ency_nano.pdf| title = Carbon Nanotubes: Thermal Properties| access-date = 6 June 2009| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20090220081011/http://hone.mech.columbia.edu/pdf/hone_thermal_ency_nano.pdf| archive-date = 20 February 2009| url-status = dead}}</ref><ref name="Kim">
{{cite journal
|title = Thermal transport measurements of individual multiwalled nanotubes
|journal=Physical Review Letters
|date=1 June 2001
|first1=P.
|last1=Kim
|last2 = Shi
|first2 = L.
|last3 = Majumdar
|first3 = A.
|last4 = McEuen
|first4 = P. L.
|volume=87
|issue = 21
|pages= 215502–215506
|doi =10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.215502
|pmid=11736348
|bibcode=2001PhRvL..87u5502K|arxiv = cond-mat/0106578 |s2cid=12533685
|display-authors=etal}}</ref>-3500 (single wall)<ref name="Pop">
{{cite journal |last1=Pop |first1=Eric |author-link=Eric Pop |last2=Mann |first2=David |last3=Wang |first3=Qian |last4=Goodson |first4=Kenneth |author-link4=Kenneth E. Goodson |last5=Dai |first5=Hongjie |author5-link=Hongjie Dai |display-authors=etal |date=22 December 2005 |title=Thermal conductance of an individual single-wall carbon nanotube above room temperature |journal=Nano Letters |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=96–100 |arxiv=cond-mat/0512624 |bibcode=2006NanoL...6...96P |doi=10.1021/nl052145f |pmid=16402794 |s2cid=14874373}}</ref><br />(SWcalc.6,600<ref name="CNT"/><ref name="Berber">{{cite journal|title=Unusually high thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes|journal=Physical Review Letters |date=23 February 2000 |last1=Berber |first1=Savas |last2 = Kwon |first2 = Young-Kyun |last3 = Tománek |first3 = David |volume=84|issue=20|pages=4613–4616|doi= 10.1103/PhysRevLett.84.4613|pmid=10990753 |bibcode=2000PhRvL..84.4613B|arxiv = cond-mat/0002414|s2cid=9006722 }}</ref>-37,000<ref name="CNT"/><ref name="Berber"/>)
| {{Ntsh|310}}320<ref name="CNT"/><ref name="Kim"/>-300<ref name="Pop"/><br />(300<ref name="CNT"/><ref name="Berber"/>-100<ref name="CNT"/><ref name="Berber"/>)
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:10^-4}}}}(Lateral)10<sup>−16</sup><ref name="Li">{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/adma.200602966|title=Structure-Dependent Electrical Properties of Carbon Nanotube Fibers|first9=Q. X.|last10=Peterson|first10=D. E.|last11=Arendt|first11=P. N.|last12=Zhu|first12=Y. T.|last9=Jia|first8=S. K.|last8=Doorn|first7=L. X.|last7=Zheng|first6=A. M.|last6=Dangelewicz|first5=Y. H.|last5=Zhao|first4=S. B.|journal=Advanced Materials|last4=Chikkannanavar|year=2007|last1=Li |last3=Zhang |first3=X. F. |first1=Qingwen |last2=Li |first2=Yuan |volume=19|pages=3358–3363|issue=20|bibcode=2007AdM....19.3358L |s2cid=12904712 |display-authors=8}}</ref> - [[Ballistic conduction|(Ballistic)]]10<sup>8</sup><ref name="Li"/>)
| values only for one single SWNT(length:2.6 μm, diameter:1.7&nbsp;nm) and CNT. "Single", as opposed to "bulk" quantity (see "carbon nanotubes, bulk") of many nanotubes, which should not be confused with the denomination of nanotubes themselves which can be singlewall(SWNT) or multiwall(CNT)<ref name="A.Agarwal, S.R p.8"/> 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Ceria|Cerium dioxide]]
| {{Ntsh|1.70}} 1.70<br />1.54<br />1.00<br />0.938<br />0.851<br />0.765<br />List: TPRC '''II''' pp.&nbsp;145–6<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|1292.1<br />1322.1<br />1555.9<br />1628.2<br />1969.2<br />2005.9<br /><br />
|
|Pears, C.D., Project director, Southern Res. Inst. Tech. Documentary Rept. ASD TDR-62-765, 20-402, 1963.  TPRC Vol 2, pages 145, 146 and 1162<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Concrete]]
| {{Ntsh|1.04}}0.8<ref name="HyperPhysics"/> - 1.28<ref name="Hukseflux"/> - 1.65<ref name="ISO 10456">International Standard EN-ISO 10456:2007 'Building materials and products - Hygrothermal properties - Tabulated design values and procedures for determining declared and design thermal values'</ref> - 2.5<ref name="ISO 10456"/>
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
|
| ~61-67%[[Calcium oxide|CaO]]
|-
|{{rh}}|[[Copper]], commercial
| {{Ntsh|375}} '''Wright, W.&nbsp;H., M.&nbsp;S. Thesis:'''<br />''Sample 1'' '''L'''<br />423<br />385<br />358<br />311<br />346<br />347<br />350<br />360<br />''Sample 2'' '''L'''<br />353<br />360<br />366<br />363<br />365<br />Lists: TPRC '''I''' page 75 curve 129<ref name="TPRC1G" /><br /><br />'''Taga, M., periodical'''<br />First run: 378<br />Second run: 374<br />Third run: 378<br />Fourth run: 382<br />List: TPRC '''I''' page 75 curve 129<ref name="TPRC1G" /> 
|<br />80.06<br />95.34<br />115.62<br />135.53<br />159.46<br />181.56<br />198.35<br />217.30<br /><br />198.53<br />220.90<br />240.88<br />257.38<br />275.40<br /><br /><br /><br />363.2<br />363.2<br />363.2<br />363.2
|
|Wright, W.&nbsp;H., M.&nbsp;S. Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1–225, 1960.  TPRC Data Series Volume 1, pages 75 and 80 curve 129, ref. page 1465.<ref name="TPRC1G" /><br /><br />Taga, commercial grade, 99.82% purity, density 8.3 g⋅cm<sup>−3</sup>.  Taga, M., [Bull?], Japan Soc. Mech. Engrs., '''3''' (11) 346–52, 1960.  TPRC Data Series Vol 1, pages 74, 79 and 1459.<ref name="TPRC1G" />
|-
|{{rh}}|[[Copper]], pure
| {{Ntsh|385.75556}}385<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-386<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><ref name="EngineersEdge"/>-390<ref name="Hukseflux"/>-401<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Copper"/><br />368.7<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br />353.1<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br />'''1970s values:'''<br />''TPRC (American)''<br />2870<br />13800<br />19600<br />10500<br />4300<br />2050<br />1220<br />850<br />670<br />570<br />514<br />483<br />413<br />401<br />398<br />392<br />388<br />383<br />377<br />371<br />364<br />357<br />350<br />342<br />334<br />List<ref name="TPRC1G">Touloukian, Powell, Ho and Klemens, Purdue Research Foundation, TPRC Data Series Volume 1 (1970): http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951935.pdf Retrieved 14:46 AM 15 May 2018 (CET).</ref><br />''The Soviet Union''<br />403<ref name="GSE593">Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition (Moscow 1976) in English Translation, New York: Macmillan Inc., 1980, volume 25 page 593.</ref><br />'''1960s Values'''<br />Thin Copper Foil*:<br /><br />126.8<br />202.3<br />295.9<br />400.2<br />List<ref>Lindenfeld, P., Lynton, E.S. and Souten, R, Phys. Letter, '''19'''--: 265, 1965 in TPRC Volume 1, pages 75 and 80</ref><ref name="TPRC1G" />
| {{Ntsh|400.5}}293<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Copper"/><ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br />573<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br />873<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br /><br /><br /><br />1<br />5<br />10<br />20<br />30<br />40<br />50<br />60<br />70<br />80<br />90<br />100<br />200<br />273<br />300<br />400<br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br />900<br />1000<br />1100<br />1200<br />1300<br /><br /><br />273.15<br /><br /><br /><br />0.427<br />0.671<br />0.981<br />1.322<br /><br /><br />
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(1.684*10^-8)^-1}}}}{{formatnum:{{#expr:(1.69*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Copper"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(1.678*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="Wikipedia-El"/><br /><br />''Formula Values:''<br />6.37 ⋅ 10<sup>7</sup> at 273.15 K; 5.71 ⋅ 10<sup>7</sup> at 300K; 4.15 ⋅ 10<sup>7</sup> at 400K.<ref name="Serwayohms">Serway, Raymond, ''Physics for Scientists and Engineers'', Saunders College Publishing, 1983, page 496.</ref> 
|International Annealed Copper Standard (IACS) pure =1.7×10<sup>−8</sup>Ω•m<br />=58.82×10<sup>6</sup>Ω<sup>−1</sup>•m<sup>−1</sup>

For main article, see: [[Copper in heat exchangers]].

The ''TPRC'' recommended values are for well annealed 99.999% pure copper with residual electrical resistivity of ρ<sub>0</sub>=0.000851 μΩ⋅cm.  TPRC Data Series volume 1 page 81.<ref name="TPRC1G" />

*Out of 138 samples in the TPRC Data Series on the thermal conductivity of copper there is only one foil and that one was only measured at very low temperatures where other coppers also demonstrated extreme deviance. The blurred up reference to it on page 1465 looks like Landenfeld, P., Lynton, E.A. and Souten, R., ''Phys. Letters'', Volume '''19''' page 265, 1965.
 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Cork (material)|Cork]]
| {{Ntsh|.055}}0.04<ref name="HyperPhysics"/> - 0.07<ref name="Hukseflux"/><br />'''1940s values:'''<br />Density=0.195 g cm<sup>−3</sup> '''L'''<br />0.0381<br />0.0446<br />Density=0.104 g cm<sup>−3</sup> '''L'''<br />0.0320<br />0.0400<br />List: Rowley, F.B. and others in TPRC '''II''' page 1064 & 1067 curves 1 & 3 ref 109.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Hukseflux"/><br /> ---<br /><br />222.0<br />305.5<br /><br />222.0<br />305.5<br /><br /><br />
|
|1940s values are for oven dried cork at specified densities: Rowley, F.B., Jordan, R.C. and Lander, R.M., Refrigeration Engineering, '''53''', 35–9. 1947, TPRC pages 1064, 1067 & 1161.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Cotton]] or [[Plastic]] [[Insulator (electrical)|Insulation]]-foamed
| {{Nts|0.03}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Hukseflux"/>
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Diamond]], impure
| {{Nts|1000}}<ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="CRC">[http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/ CRC handbook of chemistry and physics]{{Verify source|date=December 2009}}{{Subscription required}}<span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#555;">([[HTTP cookie]]s required)</span></ref>
| {{Ntsh|283}}273<ref name="CRC"/> - 293<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>
| {{Nts|{{#expr:10^-16}}}}~<ref name="Wikipedia">Other references listed within Wikipedia (this table may not be cited, pure elements are sourced from [[Chemical elements data references]], otherwise an in-table linked-page must list the relevant references)</ref>
| [[Diamond type#Type I|Type I]] (98.1% of [[Diamond color|Gem Diamonds]]) ([[Carbon|C]]+0.1%[[Nitrogen|N]])
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Material properties of diamond#Thermal conductivity|Diamond]], natural
| {{Nts|2200}}<ref name="Anthony1990">{{cite journal| doi = 10.1103/PhysRevB.42.1104| pmid =9995514| title =Thermal conductivity of isotopically enriched <sup>12</sup>C diamond| date=27 December 1989 | last1=Anthony| first1=T. R.| last2=Banholzer| first2=W. F.| last3=Fleischer| first3=J. F.| last4=Wei| first4=Lanhua| last5=Kuo| first5=P. K.| last6=Thomas| first6=R. L.| last7=Pryor| first7=R. W.|journal =Physical Review B| volume =42|issue = 2| pages =1104–1111| bibcode=1990PhRvB..42.1104A}}</ref>
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Anthony1990"/>
| {{Nts|{{#expr:10^-16}}}}~<ref name="Wikipedia"/>
| [[Diamond type#Type IIa|Type IIa]] (99%[[Carbon-12|<sup>12</sup>C]] and 1%[[Carbon-13|<sup>13</sup>C]])
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Material properties of diamond#Thermal conductivity|Diamond]], [[isotopically pure diamond|isotopically enriched]]
| {{Nts|3320}}<ref name="Anthony1990"/>-41,000<ref name="CNT"/><ref name="PNU">{{cite journal| doi =10.1103/PhysRevLett.70.3764| title =Thermal conductivity of isotopically modified single crystal diamond| date=16 February 1993 | last1=Wei| first1=Lanhua| last2=Kuo| first2=P. K.| last3=Thomas| first3=R. L.| last4=Anthony| first4=T. R.| last5=Banholzer| first5=W. F. | journal =Physical Review Letters| volume =70|issue = 24| pages=3764–3767| pmid =10053956| bibcode=1993PhRvL..70.3764W}}</ref> (99.999% [[Carbon-12|<sup>12</sup>C]] calc.200,000<ref name="PNU"/>)
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Anthony1990"/>-104<ref name="CNT"/><ref name="PNU"/> (~80<ref name="PNU"/>)
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:10^-4}}}}(Lateral)10<sup>−16</sup><ref name="Wikipedia"/> - [[Ballistic conduction|(Ballistic)]]10<sup>8</sup><ref name="Wikipedia"/>
| [[Diamond type#Type IIa|Type IIa]] isotopically enriched (>99.9%[[Carbon-12|<sup>12</sup>C]])
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Dolomite (mineral)|Dolomite]], NTS dolomite
| {{Nts}}''Specimen No. 1'' '''R'''<br />1.08<br />1.14<br />''Specimen No. 2'' '''R'''<br />1.27<br />1.26<br />List TPRC '''2''' pp 811–12.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Nts}}<br />521<br />835<br /><br />523<br />833<br /><br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}Specimen No. 1 had a fine-grained appearance; 2.25 inches O.D.. 0.375 in. I.D., 12 in. long; obtained from exploratory dolomite hole No. 1, dolomite hill at level of 200 feet; density 2.80 g cm<sup>−3</sup>.  Method: Radial heat flow [TPRC Volume '''1''' page 23a].

Stephens, D.&nbsp;R., USAEC UCRL — 7605.  1–19, 1963 in TPRC Data Series Volume 2, pp.&nbsp;811–12.<ref name="TPRC2G" /> 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Epoxy]], thermally conductive
| {{Ntsh|1.035}} 0.682<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mgchemicals.com/products/protective-coatings/epoxy-potting-and-encapsulating-compounds/thermally-conductive-epoxy-832tc/|title=MG 832TC Thermally Conductive Epoxy}}</ref> - 1.038 - 1.384<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.omega.com/Temperature/pdf/OB-100_OB-200_OT-200.pdf|title=OMEGABOND OB-100/101/200 Thermally Conductive Epoxies}}</ref> - 4.8<ref name="Tong1994">{{cite book|author=Timothy W. Tong|title=Thermal Conductivity 22|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pTtBORO_sJcC&pg=PA718|date=8 June 1994|publisher=CRC|isbn=978-1-56676-172-7|page=718}}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Eclogite]]
| {{Nts}}''Roberston Eclogite, 5MPa''<br />0.6437<br />0.2574<br />List from graph: Roberston page 39<ref name="Robertson" />
| {{Nts}}<br />373<br />573<br /><br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}Some more recent measurements about ecolgite at high pressures and elevated temperatures (up to 14GPa and 1000K) have been reported by Chao Wang and others in a 2014 article about omphacite, jadeite and diopside which is free on the internet<ref>Chao Wang, Akira Yoneda, Masahiro Osako, Eiji Ito, Takashi Yoshino, and Zhenmin Jin: "Measurement of thermal conductivity of omphacite, jadeite, and diopside up to 14 GPa and 1000 K: Implication for the role of eclogite in subduction slab", ''Journal of Geophysical Research -Solid Earth'' Volume 119, Issue 8, August 2014 pages 6277-6287 https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/2014JB011208#jgrb50785-sec-0005-title retrieved March 13, 2020 at about 11:00 PM EST</ref>  
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Ethylene glycol]]
| {{Nts}}''TPRC''<br />0.2549<br />0.2563<br />0.2576<br />0.2590<br />0.2603<br />0.2616<br />0.2630<br />0.2643<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />''CRC''<br />0.2645<br />0.2609<br />0.2695<br />List<ref name="Weast" />
| {{Nts}}<br />280<br />290<br />300<br />310<br />320<br />330<br />340<br />350<br /><br /><br />288.15<br />293.15<br />353.15<br /><br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}The TPRC values are posted in Volume 3 on page 177 and the CRC estimates are found in the handbook on page E-4.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Polystyrene#Solid foam|Expanded polystyrene]] – EPS
| {{Ntsh|0.03225}}0.03<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-0.033<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="CRC"/> ([[Polystyrene|(PS Only)]]0.1<ref name="GoodFellow-Polystyrene">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Polystyrene.html|title=Polystyrene - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>-0.13<ref name="GoodFellow-Polystyrene"/>)
| {{Ntsh|198}}98<ref name="CRC"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="CRC"/> (296<ref name="GoodFellow-Polystyrene"/>)
| {{Nts|{{#expr:10^-14}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Polystyrene"/>
| ([[Polystyrene|PS]]+[[Earth's atmosphere|Air]]+[[Carbon dioxide|CO<sub>2</sub>]]+[[Hydrocarbons|C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+x</sub>]])
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Polystyrene#Solid foam|Extruded polystyrene]] – XPS
| {{Ntsh|0.035}}0.029 - 0.39
| {{Ntsh|198}}98-298
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Fat]]
| {{Nts}}'''Beef fat'''<br />0.354<br />0.175<br />'''Bone fat'''<br />0.186<br />'''Pig fat'''<br />0.238<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Nts}}293.2<br />333.2<br /><br />293.2<br /><br />293.2
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}The fats were discovered by Lapshin A. and Myasnaya Ind., ''SSSR.'' Volume 25 (2) pp.&nbsp;55–6, 1954. and reported in volume two of the TPRC Data Series on page 1072.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Fiberglass]] or [[foam]]-glass
| {{Nts|0.045}}<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Gabbro]]
| {{Nts}}''Sligachan Gabbro''<br />2.55<br />2.47<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />''Generic Gabbro*''<br />2.06 ± 0.2<br />List:  Birch and Clark in Robertson page 31<ref name="Robertson" />
| {{Nts}}309.4<br />323.1<br /><br /><br />300<br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}Specimen 5&nbsp;cm in diameter and 2&nbsp;cm long from Sligachan Skye, density 3.1 g ⋅ cm<sup>−1</sup>.  Nancarrow, H.A., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London) '''45''', page 447–61, 1933 in TPRC Data Series Volume 2 page 816.<ref name="TPRC2G" />

*This summary came from three samples in 1940.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Gallium arsenide]] 
| {{Nts|56}}<ref name="CRC"/>
| {{Nts|300}}<ref name="CRC"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Gasket]]
| {{Nts}}''Cardboard''<br />0.210<ref name="YACG" /><br />''Transite'' '''P'''<br />0.770<br />0.757<br />0.749<br />0.742<br />0.739<br />0.736<br />0.736<br />0.736<br />0.733<br />0.731<br />List: Smith, W.K. in TPRC '''II''' page 1107 curve 1 ref 390.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Nts}}<br />291.15<br /><br />338.7<br />366.5<br />394.3<br />422.1<br />449.8<br />477.6<br />505.4<br />533.2<br />560.9<br />588.7<br /><br /><br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}The cardboard is in Yarwood and Castle on page 36 and the Transite is credited to some W.K. Smith, NOTS TP2624, 1 — 10, 1961.  [AD 263771]. Transite was discovered in 1961 and is a type of asbestos — cement board with a density of 0.193 — 0.1918 grams⋅cm<sup>−1</sup>.  TPRC Data Series, Volume 2, page 1107<ref name="TPRC2G" />

For rubber gasket see Rubber.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Glass]]
| {{Ntsh|1.066}}0.8<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-0.93<ref name="Hukseflux"/> ([[Silicon dioxide|SiO<sub>2</sub>pure]]1<ref name="ElectroIQ"/>-[[Silicon dioxide|SiO<sub>2</sub>96%]]1.2<ref name="GoodFellow-Silica">{{cite web |url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Silica.html |title=Silica - Goodfellow, online source, sources, small quantity, quantities |access-date=2009-12-28 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081116100234/http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Silica.HTML |archive-date=16 November 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>-1.4<ref name="GoodFellow-Silica"/>)<br />'''Pyrex 7740, Air Force, 1961''' '''P'''<br />1.35<br />1.34<br />1.39<br />1.42<br />1.59<br />1.45<br />1.43<br />1.56<br />1.66<br />1.68<br />1.91<br />1.90<br />List: TPRC '''II''' pages 926-9 curve 81<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br /><br />'''Pyrex 7740, NBS, 1963''' '''L'''<br />1.11<br />1.16<br />1.22<br />1.27<br />1.33<br />1.38<br />1.43<br />List: TPRC '''II''' pages 926-9 curve 76<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br /><br />'''Pyrex 7740, NBS, 1966''' <br />0.58<br />0.90<br />1.11<br />1.25<br />1.36<br />1.50<br />1.62<br />1.89<br />List<ref name="pyrex">[R.W.Powell, C.Y.Ho and P.E.Liley, Thermal Conductivity of Selected Materials, NSRDS-NBS 8, 25 November 1966, pp. 67, 68, and 89.  https://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS-8.pdf Link text]</ref> 
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Silica"/><br /><br />297<br />300<br />306<br />319<br />322<br />322<br />329<br />330<br />332<br />336<br />345<br />356<br /><br /><br /><br />273.2<br />323.2<br />373.2<br />423.2<br />473.2<br />523.2<br />573.2<br /><br /><br /><br />100<br />200<br />300<br />400<br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br /><br />
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:10^-12}}}}10<sup>−14</sup><ref name="serway">{{cite book | last=Serway | first=Raymond A. | title=Principles of Physics | edition=2nd | year=1998 | publisher=Saunders College Pub | location=Fort Worth, Texas; London | isbn=978-0-03-020457-9 | page=[https://archive.org/details/principlesofphys00serw/page/602 602] | url=https://archive.org/details/principlesofphys00serw/page/602 }}</ref><ref name="Griffiths">{{cite book | last = Griffiths | first = David | author-link = David Griffiths (physicist) | editor = Alison Reeves | title = Introduction to Electrodynamics | orig-year = 1981 | edition = 3rd | year = 1999 | publisher = [[Prentice Hall]] | location = Upper Saddle River, New Jersey | isbn = 978-0-13-805326-0 | oclc = 40251748 | page = [https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel00grif_0/page/286 286] | chapter = 7. Electrodynamics | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/introductiontoel00grif_0/page/286 }}</ref>-10<sup>−12</sup><ref name="GoodFellow-Silica"/>-10<sup>−10</sup><ref name="serway"/><ref name="Griffiths"/>
| <1% [[Iron oxide]]s<br />In 1966 Pyrex 7740 had a composition of about 80.6% SiO<sub>2</sub>, 13% B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 4.3% Na<sub>2</sub>O and 2.1% Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>.<ref name="pyrex" />  Similar glasses have a coefficient of linear expansion of about 3 parts per million per Kelvin at 20°Celsius.<ref>T.M.Yarwood & F. Castle, Physical and Mathematical Tables, Glasgow: The University Press, 1970 page 38.</ref><br /><br />Density [Pyrex 774] ≈ 2.210 g ⋅ cm<sup>−3</sup> at 32&nbsp;°F.  Specific heats:  0.128, 0.172, 0.202, 0.238, 0.266, 0.275 Cal. g<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> at 199.817, 293.16, 366.49, 477.60, 588.72 & 699.83 Kelvins respectively.  Lucks, C.F., Deem, H.W. and Wood, W.D. in TPRC '''V''' pages 1232-3<ref name="TPRC5G">"Thermophysical Properties Research Center Data Series Volume 5" at https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951939.pdf retrieved February 2, 2019 at 11:20PM EST.</ref><br /><br />''Errata:''  The numbered references in the NSRDS-NBS-8 pdf are found near the end of the TPRC Data Book Volume 2 and not somewhere in Volume 3 like it says.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Glycerol]]
| {{Ntsh|0.2875}}0.285<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1260"/>-0.29<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
| {{Ntsh|296.5}}300<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1260"/>-293<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Gold]], pure
| {{Ntsh|316}}314<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-315<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-318<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="EngineersEdge"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Gold">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Gold.html|title=Gold - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref><br />'''1970s values:'''<br />444<br />885<br />2820<br />1500<br />345<br />327<br />318<br />315<br />312<br />309<br />304<br />298<br />292<br />285<br />List<ref name="TPRC1G" />
| {{Ntsh|296.33333}}293<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-298<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Gold"/><br /><br />1<br />2<br />10<br />20<br />100<br />200<br />273.2<br />300<br />400<br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br />900<br /><br />
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(2.207*10^-8)^-1}}}}{{formatnum:{{#expr:(2.214*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="Wikipedia-El"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(2.2*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Gold"/>
|1970s values are found on page 137, TPRC Data Series volume 1 (1970).<ref name="TPRC1G" /> 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Granite]]
| {{Ntsh|2.855}}1.73<ref name="Marble-Institute">[http://www.marble-institute.com/industryresources/rvalue.cfm Marble Institute of America] (2 values are usually given: the highest and lowest test scores)</ref> - 3.98<ref name="Marble-Institute"/><br />'''Nevada Granite''' '''R'''<br />1.78<br />1.95<br />1.86<br />1.74<br />1.80<br />'''Scottish Granite''' '''L'''<br />3.39<br />3.39<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />'''Westerly Granite'''<br />2.4(63)<br />2.2(83)<br />2.1(44)<br />'''Barre Granite'''<br />2.8(23)<br />2.5(18)<br />2.3(10)<br />'''Rockport-1*'''<br />3.5(57)<br />3.0(31)<br />2.7(12)<br />'''Rockport-2*'''<br />3.8(07)<br />3.2(11)<br />2.8(37)<br />List: Birch and Clark in Robertson page 35.<ref name="Robertson" />
|<br />368<br />523<br />600<br />643<br />733<br /><br />306.9<br />320.2<br /><br /><br />273.15<br />373.15<br />473.15<br /><br />273.15<br />373.15<br />473.15<br /><br />273.15<br />373.15<br />473.15<br /><br />273.15<br />373.15<br />473.15<br />
| {{Ntsh}}
| {{Ntsh}}(72%[[Silicon dioxide|SiO<sub>2</sub>]]+14%[[Aluminium oxide|Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>]]+4%[[Potassium oxide|K<sub>2</sub>O]] [[Granite#Chemical composition|etc.]])<br /><br />Scottish Granite:  This is granite from May Quarry in Aberdeenshire.  Nancarrow, H. A., Proc. Phys. Soc. (London).  '''45''', 447–61, 1933, TPRC '''II''' pages 818 and 1172.<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br /><br />Nevada Granite:  This granite is 34%<sub>v</sub> plagioclase, 28%<sub>v</sub> ortheoclase, 27%<sub>v</sub> quartz and 9%<sub>v</sub> biotite.  Stephens, D. R., USAEC UCRL-7605, 1–19, 1963, TPRC '''II''' pages 818 and 1172.<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />A 1960 report on the Nevada granite (Izett, USGS) is posted on the internet but the very small numbers there are hard to understand.<ref>Izett, G. A., "Granite" Exploration Hole, Area 15, Nevada Test Site, NYE County, Nevada -- Interim Report, Part C, Physical Properties, January 1960>http://www.pubs.usgs.gov/tem/0836c.pdf{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

* Robertson says that Rockport-1 has 25% Quartz and Rockport-2 has 33% Quartz and he usually talks in volume percent.  Robertson page 35.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Granite|Granite, ΔP]]
| {{Nts}}'''Barre Granite*'''<br />''Wet''<br />''50 bar*''<br />2.8<br />2.5<br />2.3<br />2.1<br />''1000 bar''<br />3.2<br />2.8<br />2.6<br />2.4<br />''5000 bar''<br />4.5<br />4.0<br />3.7<br />3.4<br /><br />''Dry''<br />''50 bar''<br />2.8(23)<br />2.5(18)<br />2.3(10)<br />2.1(44)<br />''1000 bar''<br />2.8(76)<br />2.5(65)<br />2.3(53)<br />2.1(84)<br />''5000 bar''<br />3.0(91)<br />2.7(57)<br />2.5(29)<br />2.3(47)<br />List:  Robertson pages 35, 59-61<ref name="Robertson" />
| {{Nts}}<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />273.15<br />373.15<br />473.15<br />573.15<br /><br />273.15<br />373.15<br />473.15<br />573.15<br /><br />273.15<br />373.15<br />473.15<br />573.15<br /><br /><br /><br />273.15<br />373.15<br />473.15<br />573.15<br /><br />273.15<br />373.15<br />473.15<br />573.15<br /><br />273.15<br />373.15<br />473.15<br />573.15<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}Small granite pillars have failed under loads that averaged out to about 1.43 ⋅ 10<sup>8</sup> Newtons/meter<sup>2</sup> and this kind of rock has a sonic speed of about 5.6 ± 0.3 ⋅ 10<sup>3</sup> m/sec (stp), a density of about 2.7 g/cm<sup>3</sup> and specific heat ranging from about 0.2 to 0.3 cal/g °C through the temperature interval 100-1000&nbsp;°C [Stowe pages 41 & 59 and Robertson pages 70 & 86].<ref>Stowe, Richard L., “Strength and Deformation Properties of Granite, Basalt, Limestone and Tuff at Various Loading Rates,” 1969, Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Vicksburg MS, AD0684358 at https://apps.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD0684358 with full text at 
https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/684358.pdf retrieved February 9, 2019 at 6:45 PM EST.</ref><ref name="Robertson" />

*In this particular case the solidity of the granite is 0.966.
*A bar is 10<sup>5</sup> Pa or 10<sup>5</sup> Newtons/meter<sup>2</sup> and pressures around 5000 bar should normally be found at depths of about 19 to 23 kilometers.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Graphene]] 
| {{Ntsh|5070}}(4840±440)<ref name="Balandin">{{cite journal|last1=Balandin|first1=Alexander A.|last2 = Ghosh|first2 = Suchismita|last3 = Bao|first3 = Wenzhong|last4 = Calizo|first4 = Irene|last5 = Teweldebrhan|first5 = Desalegne|last6 = Miao|first6 = Feng|last7 = Lau|first7 = Chun Ning| doi =10.1021/nl0731872|title = Superior Thermal Conductivity of Single-Layer Graphene| journal =  Nano Letters|date =20 February 2008 |pmid =18284217|volume =8|issue =3|pages =902–907|bibcode=2008NanoL...8..902B|s2cid=9310741 |display-authors=etal}}</ref> - (5300±480)<ref name="Balandin"/>
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Balandin"/>
| {{Nts|{{#expr:10^8}}}}<ref name="UMDnews">[https://newsdesk.umd.edu/scitech/release.cfm?ArticleID=1621 Physicists Show Electrons Can Travel More Than 100 Times Faster in Graphene] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130919083015/https://newsdesk.umd.edu/scitech/release.cfm?ArticleID=1621 |date=19 September 2013 }}</ref>
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Graphite]], natural
| {{Ntsh|146.44}} 25-470<ref name="Azom.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.azom.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=1630|title=Graphite (C) - Classifications, Properties and Applications of Graphite|date=10 September 2002|website=AZoM.com}}</ref><br />146-246 (longitudinal), 92-175 (radial)<ref>{{cite journal |last=Buerschaper |first=Robert A. |date=1944 |title=Thermal and Electrical Conductivity of Graphite and Carbon at Low Temperatures |journal=Journal of Applied Physics |volume=15 |issue=5 |pages=452–454 |doi=10.1063/1.1707454|bibcode=1944JAP....15..452B }}</ref>
| {{Ntsh|}}293<ref name="Azom.com"/>
| {{Ntsh|5,000,000-30,000,000}}5,000,000-30,000,000<ref name="Azom.com"/>
| {{Ntsh}}
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Grease (lubricant)|Grease]], '''thermally conductive greases'''
| {{Nts}}860 Silicone Heat Transfer Compound:<br />0.66<br />8616 Super Thermal Grease II:<br />1.78<br />8617 Super thermal Grease III:<br />1.0<br />List, MG Chemicals<ref>MG Chemicals,''Thermally Conductive Grease Comparison Chart'' https://www.mgchemicals.com/products/greases-and-lubricants/thermal-greases/ retrieved 8 January 2019 at 10:37PM EST</ref>
| {{Nts}}233.15—473.15<br /><br />205.15—438.15<br /><br />205.15—438.15<br />
| {{Nts}} These thermal greases have low electrical conductivity and their volume resistivities are 1.5⋅10<sup>15</sup>, 1.8⋅10<sup>11</sup>, and 9.9⋅10<sup>9</sup> Ω⋅cm for 860, 8616 and 8617 respectively.
| {{Nts}}The thermal grease 860 is a silicone oil with a Zinc Oxide filler and 8616 and 8617 are synthetic oils with various fillers including Aluminum Oxide and Boron Nitride. At 25&nbsp;°C the densities are 2.40, 2.69 and 1.96 g/mL for the greases 860, 8616 and 8617 respectively. 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Helium II]] 
| {{Ntsh|100000}} ≳100000<ref name=enc>{{Cite book|title= The Encyclopedia of the Chemical Elements |pages =256–268 |author = Clifford A. Hampel |location=New York |isbn = 978-0-442-15598-8 |year = 1968 |publisher =Van Nostrand Reinhold}}</ref> in practice, [[phonon scattering]] at solid-liquid interface is main barrier to heat transfer.
| {{Ntsh|2.2}} 2.2
| 
| Liquid helium in its superfluid state below 2.2 K
|-
| {{rh}}|[[House]]
| {{Ntsh|0.15}} '''American 2016'''<br /><br />Wood Product Blow-in, Attic Insulation<br />0.0440 − 0.0448<ref>Green Fiber Blow-in Attic Insulation at Home Depot 2016>http://www.homedepot.com/catalog/pdfImages/1d/1dcde6e6-eb26-47e1-8223-5f3cc1840add.pdf. Retrieved 29 March 2016 at 11:08 PM (UTC).</ref><br />FIBERGLAS Blow-in, Attic Insulation<br />0.0474 − 0.0531<ref>Owens Corning, AttiCat, Product Data Sheet: http://insulation.owenscorning.com/assets/0/428/429/431/af2a2cae-f7c3-43bd-8e88-9313ed87dd2d.pdf.  Retrieved 29 March 2016 at 11:10 PM (UTC).</ref><br />PINK FIBERGLAS Flexible Insulation<br />0.0336 − 0.0459<ref name="Owens Flexible">Owens Corning, EcoTouch Product Data Sheet: http://insulation.owenscorning.com/assets/0/428/429/431/b507cdf1-d1f4-4e08-930f-9d5e88c6b6ce.pdf.  Retrieved 29 March 2016 at 11:11 PM (UTC).</ref><br /><br />'''British'''<br /><br />CONCRETE:<br />General 1.28<br />(2300&nbsp;kg/m3) 1.63<br />(2100&nbsp;kg/m3 typical floor) 1.40<br />(2000&nbsp;kg/m3 typical floor) 1.13<br />(medium 1400&nbsp;kg/m3)0.51<br />(lightweight 1200&nbsp;kg/m3) 0.38<br />(lightweight 600&nbsp;kg/m3) 0.19<br />(aerated 500&nbsp;kg/m3) 0.16<br /><br />PLASTER:<br />(1300&nbsp;kg/m3) 0.50<br />(600&nbsp;kg/m3) 0.16<br /><br />TIMBER:<br />Timber (650&nbsp;kg/m3) 0.14<br />Timber flooring (650&nbsp;kg/m3) 0.14<br />Timber rafters 0.13<br />Timber floor joists 0.13<br /><br />MISC.:<br />Calcium silicate board (600&nbsp;kg/m3) 0.17<br />Expanded polystyrene 0.030 −0.038<br />Plywood (950&nbsp;kg/m3) 0.16<br />Rock mineral wool 0.034 −0.042<br />List<ref name="LBU">Leeds Beckett University, Virtual Maths: http://www.virtualmaths.org/activities/topic_data-handling/heatloss/resources/thermal-conductivity-of-building-materials.pdf.  Retrieved 29 March 2016 at 11:12 PM (UTC).</ref><br />Wallboard, see Wallboard.<br /><br />'''1960s Values'''<br /><br />Dry Zero − Kapok between burlap or paper<br />density 0.016 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.035 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Hair Felt − Felted cattle hair<br />density 0.176 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.037 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br />density 0.208 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.037 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Balsam Wool − Chemically treated wood fibre<br />density 0.035 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.039 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br />Hairinsul − 50% hair 50% jute<br />density 0.098 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.037 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Rock Wool − Fibrous material made from rock<br />density 0.096 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.037 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br />density 0.160 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.039 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br />density 0.224 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.040 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Glass Wool − Pyrex glass curled<br />density 0.064 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.042 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br />density 0.160 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.042 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Corkboard − No added binder<br />density 0.086 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.036 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br />density 0.112 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.039 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br />density 0.170 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.043 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br />density 0.224 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.049 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Corkboard − with asphaltic binder<br />density 0.232 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.046 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Cornstalk Pith Board: 0.035 − 0.043<br /><br />Cypress<br />density 0.465 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.097 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />White pine<br />density 0.513 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.112 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Mahogany<br />density 0.545 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.123 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Virginia pine<br />density 0.545 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.141 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Oak<br />density 0.609 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.147 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br /><br />Maple<br />density 0.705 g cm<sup>−3</sup>, TC=0.159 W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>K<sup>−1</sup><br />List<ref name="House">Bureau of Standards Letter Circular No. 227, nd., in Weast, R. C., Editor-in Chief, ''Handbook of Chemistry and Physics'', 48th Edition, 1967-68, Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1967, page E-5.</ref> 
|
|
|'''American 2016:''' Flexible insulation from Owens Corning includes faced and unfaced rolls of glass wool and with foil.<ref name="Owens Flexible" /><br /><br />  '''1960s values:''' All thermal conductivities from Cypress to Maple are given across the grain.<ref name="House" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Hydrogen]] 
| {{Ntsh|0.1819}} 0.1819<ref>{{cite journal |journal=Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data |last1=Assael |first1=M. J. |last2=Mixafendi |first2=S. |last3=Wakeham |first3=W. A. |title=The Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity of Normal Hydrogen in the Limit of Zero Density |url=https://srd.nist.gov/JPCRD/jpcrd304.pdf |pages=1315–1322 |access-date=10 February 2025 |date=October 1986 |volume=15 |issue=4 |doi=10.1063/1.555764 |issn=00472689 |eissn=15297845 |publisher=[[NIST]], AIP Publishing }}</ref>
| {{Ntsh|290}} 290
| 
| Hydrogen gas at room temperature.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Ice]]
| {{Ntsh|2.03}}1.6<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-2.1<ref name="Hukseflux"/>-2.2<ref name="CRC"/>-2.22<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-576">{{cite web|url=http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/ice-thermal-properties-d_576.html|title=Ice - Thermal Properties|website=www.engineeringtoolbox.com}}</ref><br /><br />'''The Historic Ice Authorities'''<br />''van Duser 1929''<br />2.09<br />2.161<br />2.232<br />2.303<br />2.374<br />2.445<br /><br />''Choi & Okos/Bonales 1956 — 2017''<br />2.2199<br />2.3854<br />2.6322<br />2.9603<br />3.3695<br />3.8601<br /><br />''Ratcliffe/Bonales 1962 — 2017''<br />2.0914<br />2.2973<br />2.5431<br />2.8410<br />3.2086<br />3.6723<br />List<ref name="Bonales">Bonales, A.C., Rodriguez & P.D. Sanz, ''Thermal conductivity of ice prepared under different conditions'' International Journal of Food Properties, '''20''':sup1, 610-619, (2017) DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2017.1306551 at https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2017.1306551.  Retrieved January 20, 2019 at 7:12 PM EST.</ref><br /><br />''Clark, S.P. Jr., 1966*''<br />2.092<br />2.552<br />List: Clark, S.P. Jr. in Robertson p.&nbsp;58<ref name="Robertson">Robertson, Eugene C., ''Thermal Properties of Rocks, United States Department of the Interior Geological Survey, Open-File Report 88-441, 1988'' at https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1988/0441/report.pdf Retrieved January 24, 2019 at 12:08 AM EST</ref> 
| {{Ntsh|283}}293<ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="HyperPhysics"/> - 273<ref name="CRC"/><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-576"/><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />273.15<br />253.15<br />233.15<br />213.15<br />193.15<br />173.15<br /><br /><br />273.15<br />253.15<br />233.15<br />213.15<br />193.15<br />173.15<br /><br /><br />273.15<br />253.15<br />233.15<br />213.15<br />193.15<br />173.15<br /><br /><br /><br />273.15<br />143.15<br /><br /><br /><br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}Bonales says that his posted formulas are lined up with his old authorities though more recent ones (and Bonales among them) have come to believe that ices that come to low temperatures remember a cooling rate.<ref>Ahmad, N., ''Thermal Conductivity of Ice'' in Physica Status Solidi B '''181''', 37 (1994) at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/pssb.2221810104?purchase_referrer=www.google.com&tracking_action=preview_click&r3_referer=wol&show_checkout=1 Retrieved January 20, 2019 at 7:24 PM EST.</ref><ref name="Bonales" />

The formulas are: 1)van Duser: k=2.09(1–0.0017 T(°C)); 2)Choi & Okos: k=2.2199-6.248 ⋅ 10<sup>−3</sup> T(°C) + 1.0154 ⋅ 10<sup>−4</sup> T(°C)<sup>2</sup>; 3)Ratcliffe: k=2135 T(K)<sup>−1.235</sup>.

k is given in w ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup>.

''Errata:'' Contrary to what they say the formula of Bonales and Sanz cannot be fitted to their data and also it is not consistent with the results of Choi and Okos since their formula is a typo and also Choi and Okos did not cook up a linear function to start with. Instead the formula that would fit some of the Bonales data is k ≈ 2.0526 - 0.0176TC and not k = -0.0176 + 2.0526T as they say on page S615 and also the values they posted for Alexiades and Solomon do not fit the ''other'' formula that they posted on table 1 on page S611 and the formula that would fit ''over there'' is k = 2.18 - 0.01365TC and not k = 2.18 - 0.01365TK.

*The Clark Ice has a density of 0.9 g/cm<sup>−3</sup>.  Robertson page 58.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Indium phosphide]] 
| {{Nts|80}}<ref name="CRC"/>
| {{Nts|300}}<ref name="CRC"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Refractory|Insulating firebrick]]
| {{Ntsh|0.25}} '''Sheffield Pottery, 2016:'''<br /> '''NC-23''' <br />0.19<br />0.20<br />0.23<br />0.26<br /> '''NC-26''' <br />0.25<br />0.26<br />0.27<br />0.30<br /> '''NC-28'''<br /> 0.29<br />0.32<br />0.33<br />0.36<br />List<ref name="Sheffield101">Sheffield Pottery,[http://www.sheffield-pottery.com/Soft-Bricks-insulating-Firebrick-s/372.htm Link Text]</ref><br />'''1940s Blast Furnace:'''<br /> 1.58<br />1.55<br />1.53<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|<br />533<br />811<br />1089<br />1366<br /><br />533<br />811<br />1089<br />1366<br /><br />533<br />811<br />1089<br />1366<br /><br /><br />636.2<br />843.2<br />1036.2
|
|'''Sheffield pottery''':  Standard ASTM 155 Grades, 05/10/2006:  <br />NC-23, Cold Crushing Strength=145&nbsp;lbs/inch2, density=36&nbsp;lbs/ft3 <br />NC-26, Cold Crushing Strength=220&nbsp;lbs/inch2, density=46&nbsp;lbs/ft3 <br />NC-28, Cold Crushing Strength=250&nbsp;lbs/inch2, density=55&nbsp;lbs/ft3<br /><ref name="Sheffield101" /><br />---<br />'''1940s Blast Furnace''':  Kolechkova, A. F. and Goncharov, V. V., Ogneupory, '''14''', 445–53, 1949, TPRC pages 488, 493 & 1161.<ref name="TPRC2G" /> 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Iron]], pure
| {{Ntsh|70.55556}}71.8<ref name="EngineersEdge"/>-72.7<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-79.5<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-80<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-80.2<ref name="CRC"/>-80.4<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Iron">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Iron.html|title=Iron - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref><br />55.4<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br />34.6<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br /><br />'''TPRC'''<br />149<br />224<br />297<br />371<br />442<br />513<br />580<br />645<br />705<br />997<br />814<br />555<br />372<br />265<br />204<br />168<br />146<br />132<br />94<br />83.5<br />80.3<br />69.4<br />61.3<br />54.7<br />48.7<br />43.3<br />38.0<br />32.6<br />29.7<br />29.9<br />27.9<br />28.2<br />29.9<br />30.9<br />31.8<br />List<ref name="TPRC1G" /><br /><br />'''The Soviet Union'''<br />86.5<ref name="GSE593" />
| {{Ntsh|453.75}}293<ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-300<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="CRC"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Iron"/><br />573<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br />1273<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br /><br /><br />2<br />3<br />4<br />5<br />6<br />7<br />8<br />9<br />10<br />20<br />30<br />40<br />50<br />60<br />70<br />80<br />90<br />100<br />200<br />273.2<br />300<br />400<br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br />900<br />1000<br />1100<br />1183<br />1183<br />1200<br />1300<br />1400<br />1500<br /><br /><br /><br />273.15
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(9.855*10^-8)^-1}}}}{{formatnum:{{#expr:(10.1*10^-8)^-1 round -3}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Iron"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(9.61*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="Wikipedia-El"/>
|The ''TPRC'' recommended values are for well annealed 99.998% pure iron with residual electrical resistivity of ρ<sub>0</sub>=0.0327 ''μ''Ω⋅cm. TPRC Data Series volume 1 page 169.<ref name="TPRC1G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Cast iron|Iron, cast]]
| {{Nts|55}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="EngineersEdge"/><br /><br />'''Tadokoro Cast Iron*'''<br /><br />''White''<br />12.8<br />13.3<br />14.3<br />14.5<br />17.3<br /><br />''Grey''<br />29.5<br />29.7<br />30.0<br />30.1<br />31.1<br />List: Tadokoro, curves 39 & 40 in TPRC Vol. I, pp 1130–31<ref name="TPRC1G" /><br /><br />'''Donaldson Cast Iron*'''<br /><br />48.5<br />48.1<br />46.9<br />47.3<br />46.9<br />46.0<br />List: Donaldson, curve 1 in TPRC Vol. I, pp 1129 & 1131<ref name="TPRC1G" />
| {{Nts|298}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />303.2<br />323.2<br />362.2<br />373.2<br />425.2<br /><br /><br />303.2<br />323.2<br />361.2<br />373.2<br />427.2<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />353.70<br />376.70<br />418.20<br />429.70<br />431.70<br />447.20<br /><br /><br /><br />
| {{Nts}}
| ([[Iron|Fe]]+(2–4)%[[Carbon|C]]+(1–3)%[[Silicon|Si]])

Apart from a thermal conductivity a boiler company also has an interface heat transfer coefficient ''Q'' and also some Kurganov has posted this simplification that water flowing in tubes has ''Q'' ≈ 500 - 1200 W/(m<sup>2</sup>K).<ref>Kurganov, V., A., in ''Thermopedia'' at http://www.thermopedia.com/content/841/ retrieved on January 30, 2019 at about 5:35 PM EST.</ref>

*These Tadokoro Irons are 3.02% C, 0.089% Cu, 0.53% Mn, 0.567% P, 0.074% S, 0.57% Si and 3.08% C, 0.136% Cu, 0.44% Mn, 0.540% P, .074% S and 0.58% Si, White Cast and Grey Cast respectively.

By comparison the Donaldson Iron is 2.80% C, 0.10% Mn, 0.061% P, 0.093% S and 0.39% Si.  It has 0.76% graphitic carbon and 2.04% combined carbon and the thermal conductivity measurements come with a 2% error estimate.  Tadokoro, Y., J., Iron Steel Inst. (Japan), '''22''', 399 — 424, 1936 and Donaldson, J.W., J. Iron Steel Inst. (London), '''128''', p.&nbsp;255-76, 1933.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Laminates]], metal non-metal
| {{Nts}}'''Taylor I'''<br />''30 varnished silicon steel foils each of thickness 0.014 inches (0.356 mm): density 7.36 g cm<sup>−3</sup>; measured near a temperature of 358.2 K under pressure in the range 0 — 132 psi:''<br />0 psi 0.512 w m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup><br />20 psi 0.748<br />40 psi 0.846<br />60 psi 0.906<br />80 psi 0.925<br />100 psi 0.965<br />120 psi 0.992<br />132 psi 1.02<br />120 psi 1.00<br />100 psi NA*<br />80 psi 0.984<br />60 psi 0.945<br />40 psi 0.906<br />20 psi 0.846<br />0 psi 0.591<br />'''Taylor II'''<br />''30 varnished silicon steel foils each of thickness 0.0172 inches (0.4368 mm); density 7.51 g cm<sup>−3</sup>; measured near a temperature of 358.2 K under pressure in the range 0 — 128 psi:''<br />0 psi 0.433 w m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup><br />20 psi 0.807<br />40 psi 0.965<br />60 psi 1.04<br />80 psi 1.10<br />100 psi 1.18<br />120 psi 1.24<br />128 psi 1.26<br />120 psi 1.26<br />100 psi 1.22<br />80 psi 1.18<br />60 psi 1.14<br />40 psi 1.10<br />20 psi 0.984<br />0 psi 0.630<br />'''Taylor III'''<br />''30 silicon steel foils each of thickness 0.0172 inches (0.4368 mm); density 7.79 g cm<sup>−3</sup>; measured near a temperature of 358.2 K under pressure in the range 0 — 125 psi:''<br />0 psi 0.496 w m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup><br />10 psi 0.748<br />22.5 psi 0.945<br />125 psi 1.65<br />100 psi 1.59<br />80 psi 1.54<br />47 psi 1.38<br />20 psi 1.14<br />0 psi 0.709<br />List: Taylor, T.S., Elec. World, '''76''' (24), 1159 — 62, 1920.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}*The report in the Data Series says that the Taylor I laminate had a thermal conductivity of 0.0996 w cm<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> at 100 psi in descent and that is an obvious typo [NA].  What would fit is 0.00996 w cm<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> = 0.996 w m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>.  TPRC Volume 2, pp 1037–9. 
|-
|{{rh}}|[[Lead]], pure
| {{Ntsh|34.25714}}34.7<ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-35.0<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="EngineersEdge"/>-35.3<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Lead">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Lead.html|title=Lead - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref><br />29.8<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br /><br />'''TPRC'''<br />2770<br />4240<br />3400<br />2240<br />1380<br />820<br />490<br />320<br />230<br />178<br />146<br />123<br />107<br />94<br />84<br />77<br />66<br />59<br />50.7<br />47.7<br />45.1<br />43.5<br />39.6<br />36.6<br />35.5<br />35.2<br />33.8<br />32.5<br />31.2<br />List<ref name="TPRC1G" /><br /><br />'''The Soviet Union'''<br />35.6<ref name="GSE593" />
| {{Ntsh|342.83333}}293<ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-300<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Lead"/><br />573<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br /><br /><br />1<br />2<br />3<br />4<br />5<br />6<br />7<br />8<br />9<br />10<br />11<br />12<br />13<br />14<br />15<br />16<br />18<br />20<br />25<br />30<br />40<br />50<br />100<br />200<br />273.2<br />300<br />400<br />500<br />600<br /><br /><br /><br />273.15<br />
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(20.7*10^-8)^-1}}}}{{formatnum:{{#expr:(20.8*10^-8)^-1 round -3}}}}<ref name="Wikipedia-El"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(20.6*10^-8)^-1 round -3}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Lead"/>
|The TPRC List is the TPRC estimate for well annealed Lead of 99.99+% purity and residual electrical resistivity ρ<sub>0</sub>=0.000880 ''μ''Ω cm.  TPRC Data Series Volume 1, page 191.<ref name="TPRC1G" /><br /><br />This material is superconductive (electrical) at temperatures below 7.193 Kelvins.  Weast page E-87.<ref name="Weast" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Limestone]]
| {{Ntsh|1.295}}1.26<ref name="Marble-Institute"/> - 1.33<ref name="Marble-Institute"/><br />'''Indiana Limestone''' '''R'''<br />1.19<br />1.21<br />1.19<br />1.11<br />1.12<br />1.07<br />1.03<br />0.62<br />0.57<br />0.54<br />List<ref name="TPRC1">Touloukian, Y.S., Powell, R.W., Ho, C.Y. and Klemens, P.G. Thermophysical and Electronic Properties Information and Analysis Center Lafayette In, TPRC Data Series Volume 2, (1971) pages 820-822>PDF at https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA951936.pdf retrieved on June 13, 2024 at 11:43 AM PST.</ref><br />'''Queenstone Grey''' '''L'''<br />1.43<br />1.41<br />1.40<br />1.33<br />List1.43<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />'''Generic Limestone R*'''<br />''Air in Pores''<br />Solidity = 1.0: K = 2.67*<br />Solidity = 0.9: K = 2.17<br />Solidity = 0.8: K = 1.72<br />Solidity = 0.7: K = 1.32<br /><br />''Water in Pores''<br />Solidity = 1.0: K = 2.97<br />Solidity = 0.9: K = 2.52<br />Solidity = 0.8: K = 2.12<br />Solidity = 0.7: K = 1.77<br />List: Robertson formula 6 and page 10&16.<ref name="Robertson" />
| ----<br /><br />472<br />553<br />683<br />813<br />952<br />1013<br />1075<br />1181<br />1253<br />1324<br /><br /><br />395.9<br />450.4<br />527.6<br />605.4<br /><br />300<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
|
| Mostly [[Calcium carbonate|CaCO<sub>3</sub>]] and the "Indiana Limestone" is 98.4% [[Calcium carbonate|CaCO<sub>3</sub>]], 1% quartz and 0.6% hematite.<ref name="TPRC1" /><br />By comparison Queenstone Grey is a mixture of dolomite and calcite containing 22% MgCO<sub>2</sub>.  Density=2.675 g cm<sup>−3</sup>.  Niven, C.D., Can J. Research, '''A18''', 132–7, 1940, TPRC pages 821 and 1170.<ref name="TPRC2G" />

* Generic Limestone R is relatively pure polycrystaline calcite, solidity is the quotient of the solid grain volume divided by the bulk volume and K is thermal conductivity in W⋅m<sup>−1</sup>⋅K<sup>−1</sup>.

|-
| {{rh}}|[[Manganese]]
| {{Ntsh|7.81}}7.81<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
| 
|
| lowest thermal conductivity of any pure metal
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Marble]]
| {{Ntsh|2.505}}2.07<ref name="Marble-Institute"/>-2.08<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-2.94<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Marble-Institute"/>
| {{Nts|298}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|  
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Methane]]
| {{Ntsh|.031405}}0.030<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-0.03281<ref name="AirLiquide-41">{{cite web|url=http://encyclopedia.airliquide.com/Encyclopedia.asp?GasID=41|title=Methane|date=10 July 2018}}</ref>
| {{Ntsh|285.5}}298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-273<ref name="AirLiquide-41"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Mineral wool|Mineral wool insulation]]
| {{Nts|0.04}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="HyperPhysics"/>
| {{Ntsh|295.5}}293<ref name="Hukseflux"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Nickel]]
| {{Ntsh|90.95}}90.9<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/>-91<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
| {{Nts|298}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Nitrogen]], pure
| {{Ntsh|.025046}}0.0234<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-0.024<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-0.02583<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/>-0.026<ref name="EngineersEdge-Gases"/><ref name="CRC"/>
| {{Ntsh|298.2}}293<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-300<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="EngineersEdge-Gases"/><ref name="CRC"/>
|
|([[Nitrogen|N]]<sub>2</sub>) (1 atm)
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Norite]]
| {{Nts}}2.7 ± 0.4<br />List: Misener and others in Robertson page 31.<ref name="Robertson" />
| 300
|
| This summary came from five samples in 1951.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Oxygen]], pure (gas)
| {{Ntsh|.02517}}0.0238<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-0.024<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-0.0263<ref name="EngineersEdge-Gases"/>-0.02658<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/>
| {{Ntsh|297.75}}293<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-300<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="EngineersEdge-Gases"/>
|
| ([[Oxygen|O]]<sub>2</sub>) (1 atm)
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Oil]]
| {{Nts}}'''Transformer Oil'''<br />''CRC Oil''<br />Regular<br />0.177<br />Light Heat<br />0.132<br />List<ref>Weast, R. C., Editor-in Chief, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 48th Edition, 1967-68, Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Co., 1967, page E-5.</ref><br />''Yarwood and Castle''<br />0.135<ref name="YACG">Yarwood and Castle''Physical and Mathematical Tables'' 3rd edition, Glasgow UK: The University Press 1970</ref>
| {{Nts}}<br /><br /><br />343.15 — 373.15<br /><br />303.15 — 373.15<br /><br /><br />273.15
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}Yarwood and Castle have their transformer oil on page 37.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Paper]]
| {{Nts}}'''Ordinary Paper'''<br />''Engineeringtoolbox''<br />0.05<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><br />''Yarwood and Castle''<br />0.125<ref name="YACG" /><br />'''Oil Impregnated Paper'''<br />0.180 — 0.186<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Nts}}<br /><br />298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><br /><br />291.15<br /><br />294.7 — 385.2
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}The oil-impregnated paper was about 0.05 inches thick and it was loaded under about 2 PSI.  TPRC Volume 2, page 1127.<br /><br />Yarwood and Castle has the thermal conductivity of their paper on page 36
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Perlite]], (1 atm)
| {{Nts|0.031}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
| {{Nts|298}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Perlite]] in partial [[vacuum]]
| {{Nts|0.00137}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
| {{Nts|298}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Pine]]
| {{Ntsh|0.1}} 0.0886<br />0.0913<br />0.0939<br />0.0966<br />0.0994<br />0.102<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|222.0<br />238.7<br />255.4<br />272.2<br />288.9<br />305.5<br /><br />
|
|Density=0.386 g cm<sup>−3</sup>.  Rowley, F. B., Jordan, R. C. and Lander, R. M., Refrigeration Engineering, '''53''', 35–9, 1947, TPRC pages 1083 and 1161.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Fiber-reinforced plastic|Plastic, fiber-reinforced]]
| {{Ntsh|.66333}}0.23<ref name="GoodFellow">{{cite web |url=http://www.goodfellow.com/Home.aspx?LangType=2057 |title=Goodfellow |access-date=2009-12-29 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091221222736/http://www.goodfellow.com/Home.aspx?LangType=2057 |archive-date=21 December 2009 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> - 0.7<ref name="GoodFellow"/> - 1.06<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
| {{Ntsh|294.5}}293<ref name="Hukseflux"/> - 296<ref name="GoodFellow"/>
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:10^-7.5}}}}10<sup>−15</sup><ref name="GoodFellow"/> - 10<sup>0</sup><ref name="GoodFellow"/>
| 10-40%[[Fiberglass|GF]] or [[Carbon fiber|CF]]
|-
|{{rh}}|[[Polyethylene]], high-density
| {{Ntsh|.465}}0.42<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/> - 0.51<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
| {{Nts|298}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Polymer]], high-density
| {{Ntsh|.425}}0.33<ref name="GoodFellow"/> - 0.52<ref name="GoodFellow"/>
| {{Nts|296}}<ref name="GoodFellow"/>
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:10^-7}}}}10<sup>−16</sup><ref name="GoodFellow"/> - 10<sup>2</sup><ref name="GoodFellow"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Polymer]], low-density
| {{Ntsh|.195}}0.04<ref name="GoodFellow"/> - 0.16<ref name="Hukseflux"/> - 0.25<ref name="Hukseflux"/> - 0.33<ref name="GoodFellow"/>
| {{Ntsh|294.5}}293<ref name="Hukseflux"/> - 296<ref name="GoodFellow"/>
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:10^-8.5}}}}10<sup>−17</sup><ref name="GoodFellow"/> - 10<sup>0</sup><ref name="GoodFellow"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Polyurethane]] foam
| {{Nts|0.03}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
| {{Nts|298}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Porcelain]], electrical porcelain
| {{Nts}}'''1940s Values'''<br />''Sample 1''<br />1.90 — 2.27<br />''Sample 2''<br />1.40 — 2.15<br />''Sample 3''<br />1.84 — 2.24
| {{Nts}}<br /><br />388.2 — 1418.2<br /><br />395.2 — 1456.2<br /><br />385.2 — 1396.2
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}Starting material was 19.0 flint, 37.0 feldspar, 7.0 Edgar plastic kaolin, 22.0 Edgar Nocarb clay, and 15.0 Kentucky old mine No. 4 ball clay, ball milled for 15 hours, slip cast and fired to 1250&nbsp;°C; 25% open pores; bulk density 2.5 g ⋅ cm<sup>−3</sup>.  Norton, F.H. and Kingery, W.D., USAEC Rept. NYO — 601, 1 — 52, 1943 in TPRC Vol. 2 page 937<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Propylene glycol]]
| {{Nts|0.2007}}<ref name="Weast" />
| {{Nts}}293.15 — 353.15
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}This hearsay value is posted in the 48th Edition of the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics on page E-4.<ref name="Weast" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Pyroxenite]]
| 4.3 ± 0.1<br />List: Birch and Clark in Robertson, page 31.<ref name="Robertson" />
| 300
|
| This summary came from 2 samples in 1940.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Silica|Quartz, single crystal]]
| {{Ntsh|9.4}}12<ref name="CRC"/> <math>\parallel</math> to ''c'' axis, 06.8<ref name="CRC"/> <math>\perp</math> to ''c'' axis<br />'''Rutgers University'''<br />11.1 <math>\parallel</math> to ''c'' axis, 5.88 <math>\perp</math> to ''c'' axis<br />9.34 <math>\parallel</math> to ''c'' axis, 5.19 <math>\perp</math> to ''c'' axis<br />8.68 <math>\parallel</math> to ''c'' axis, 4.50 <math>\perp</math> to ''c'' axis<br />List<ref name="Weast5">[Engineering Research Bulletin No. 40, Rutgers University (1958) quoted by Weast, R.C., Editor-in-Chief, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 48th edition, Cleveland: The Chemical Rubber Publishing Co. 1967-1968, page E-5.]</ref><br />'''NBS'''<br />6.00 <math>\parallel</math> to ''c'' axis, 3.90 <math>\perp</math> to ''c'' axis<br />5.00 <math>\parallel</math> to ''c'' axis, 3.41 <math>\perp</math> to ''c'' axis<br />4.47 <math>\parallel</math> to ''c'' axis, 3.12 <math>\perp</math> to ''c'' axis<br />4.19 <math>\parallel</math> to ''c'' axis, 3.04 <math>\perp</math> to ''c'' axis<br />List<ref name="P 99" />
| {{Nts|300}}<br /><br />311<br />366<br />422<br /><br /><br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br /><br />
|
|The noted authorities have reported some values in three digits as cited here in metric translation but they have not demonstrated three digit measurement.<ref>R.W.Powell, C.Y.Ho and P.E.Liley, Thermal Conductivity of Selected Materials, NSRDS-NBS 8, Issued 25 November 1966, pages 69, 99>[https://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS-8.pdf Link Text]</ref><br /><br />''Errata:''  The numbered references in the NSRDS-NBS-8 pdf are found near the end of the TPRC Data Book Volume 2 and not somewhere in Volume 3 like it says.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Fused quartz|Quartz, fused]], or vitreous silica, or fused silica
| {{Ntsh|1.95333}}1.46<ref name="GoodFellow-Quartz-Fused">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Quartz-Fused.html|title=Quartz - Fused - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>-3<ref name="Hukseflux"/><br />1.4<ref name="CRC"/><br />'''England'''<br /> 0.84<br />1.05<br />1.20<br />1.32<br />1.41<br />1.48<br />List<ref name="Ratcliffe">[Ratcliffe, E.H., National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex, England, quoted by Weast, R.C. Editor-in-Chief, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 48th edition, 1967-1968, Cleveland: Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., page E6.]</ref><br />'''America'''<br /> 0.52<br />1.13<br />1.23<br />1.40<br />1.42<br />1.50<br />1.53<br />1.59<br />1.73<br />1.92<br />2.17<br />2.48<br />2.87<br />3.34<br />4.00<br />4.80<br />6.18<br />List<ref name="P 99">R.W.Powell, C.Y.Ho and P.E.Liley, Thermal Conductivity of Selected Materials, NSRDS-NBS 8, Issued 25 November 1966, page 99>[https://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS-8.pdf Link Text]</ref>
| {{Ntsh|303}}293<ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Quartz-Fused"/><br />323<ref name="CRC"/><br /><br />123<br />173<br />223<br />273<br />323<br />373<br /><br /><br />100<br />200<br />223<br />293<br />323<br />373<br />400<br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br />900<br />1000<br />1100<br />1200<br />1300<br />1400<br /><br />
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(7/6)*10^-17}}}}{{#expr:(75*10^16)^-1 round 21}}<ref name="serway"/> - 10<sup>−16</sup><ref name="GoodFellow-Quartz-Fused"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Fused quartz|Quartz, powdered]]
| {{Ntsh|0.178}} '''Kozak 1952'''<br />0.184<br />0.209<br />0.230<br />0.259<br /> '''Sinel'nikov 1958'''<br />0.0289<br />0.0335<br />0.0356<br />0.041<br/>0.0448<br/>0.0515<br />0.0669<br />0.0753<br />0.0812<br />0.0837<br />List: TPRC '''II''' pages 177-180<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Nts|373.2}}<br />483.2<br />588.2<br />673.2<br /><br />313.2<br />373.2<br />473.2<br />571.2<br />617.2<br />667.2<br />713.2<br />811.2<br />863.2<br />868.2
|
|Kozak grain sizes ranged from 0.3 to 1&nbsp;mm diameter and the density was 0.54 grams ⋅ cm<sup>−3</sup>.  Kozak, M.I. Zhur. Tekh. Fiz., ''22'' (1), 73–6, 1952.  By comparison Sinel'nikov powder is a powder in a vacuum, gran sizes range from 100 to 200 micrometers, the powder density is 1.35 g per cm<sup>−3</sup>.  Sinel'nikov, N.N. and Filipovich, V.N., Soviet Phys. Tech., ''3'', 193–6, 1958.  The TPRC record is blurred up some on the Sinel'nikov vacuum which looks like it is probably 5 ⋅ 10<sup>−5</sup> mmHg. 
TPRC pages 177–180, Volume 2, curves 62 and 65, Reference numbers 326 and 327 respectively.<ref name="TPRC2G">Touloukian, Y.S., Powell, R.W., Ho, C.Y. and Klemens, P.G. Thermophysical and Electronic Properties Information and Analysis Center Lafayette In, TPRC Data Series Volume 2, (1971)>PDF at https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951936.pdf retrieved on February 2, 2019 at 5:23 AM EST.</ref>
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Fused quartz|Quartz, slip-cast]] 
| {{Ntsh|0.63}} '''First Run'''<br />0.34<br />0.39<br />0.45<br />0.51<br />0.62<br /> '''Second Run'''<br />0.63<br />0.66<br />0.69<br />List<ref name="Mason">Mason, C.R., Walton, J.D., Bowen, M.D. and Teague, W.T. (1959) in R.W.Powell, C.Y.Ho and P.E.Liley, Thermal Conductivity of Selected Materials, NSRDS-NBS 8, Issued 25 November 1966, pages 99, 103>[https://www.nist.gov/data/nsrds/NSRDS-NBS-8.pdf Link Text]</ref>
| {{Nts|500}}<br />700<br />900<br />1100<br />1300<br /><br />900<br />1000<br />1100
|
|This material which must have started out like unfired pottery was slip cast from fused silica.  Then it was dried four days at 333 K before being tested.  It was 9 inches in diameter and 1 inch thick, density 1.78 ⋅ cm<sup>−3</sup>.  The first run went to 1317K and then on the second run the same insulator proved to be more conductive.  1959.<ref name="Mason" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Redwood|Redwood bark]]
| {{Ntsh|0.035}} '''Whole: Density=0.0641 g cm<sup>−3</sup>''' '''L'''<br />0.0286<br />0.0307<br />0.0330<br />0.0356<br />0.0379<br />0.0407<br />'''Shredded: Density=0.0625 g cm<sup>−3</sup>''' '''L'''<br /> 0.0107<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|222.2<br />239.2<br />255.5<br />272.1<br />288.8<br />305.3<br /><br />318.7
|
|'''Whole:'''  Rowley, F. B., Jordan, R. C. and Lander, R. M., Refrig. Eng., '''50''', 541–4, 1945, TPRC pages 1084 & 1172.<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />'''Shredded:'''  Wilkes, G. B., Refrig. Eng., '''52''', 37–42, 1946, TPRC pages 1084 & 1162.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Rice hulls|Rice hulls (ash)]]
| {{Nts|0.062}}<ref name="Rice-Hull-House2">{{cite web|url=http://esrla.com/pdf/ricehullhouse.pdf |title=Data |website=esrla.com }}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Rice hulls|Rice hulls (whole)]]
| {{Nts|0.0359}}<ref name="Rice-Hull-House2"/>
|
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Rock (geology)|Rock, felsic igneous]]
| {{Nts}}'''Air in Pores, 5 MPa*'''<br /><br />''Solidity* = 1''<br /><br />20%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 2.21<br />40%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 2.97<br />60%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 3.72<br /><br />''Solidity = 0.9''<br /><br />20%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 1.80<br />40%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 2.41<br />60%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 3.02<br /><br />'''Water in Pores, 5 MPa'''<br /><br />''Solidity = 1''<br /><br />20%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 2.83<br />40%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 4.14<br />60%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 5.46<br /><br />''Solidity = 0.9''<br /><br />20%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 2.41<br />40%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 3.47<br />60%<sub>v</sub> Quartz: 4.54<br />List: Formula values (6), page 10, Robertson.<ref name="Robertson" /> 
| {{Nts}}300
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}*5 MPa is 5 ⋅ 10<sup>6</sup> Pascals or 5 ⋅ 10<sup>6</sup> Newtons per meter<sup>2</sup> or about fifty atmospheres pressure.<br /><br /><br />*Solidity ≡ the ratio of the volume of solid to the bulk volume, or the ratio of bulk density to solid grain density d<sub>B</sub>/d<sub>G</sub>.<br /><br /><br />Symbols: %<sub>v</sub> is percent by volume. 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Rock (geology)|Rock, mafic igneous]]
| {{Nts}}'''Air in Pores, 5 MPa'''<br /><br />''Solidity = 1''<br /><br />0 %<sub>v</sub> OPA*: 1.50<br />5 %<sub>v</sub> OPA : 1.58<br />10%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 1.65<br />20%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 1.80<br />30%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 1.95<br /><br />''Solidity = 0.9''<br /><br />0 %<sub>v</sub> OPA : 1.25<br />5 %<sub>v</sub> OPA : 1.31<br />10%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 1.37<br />20%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 1.49<br />30%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 1.62<br /><br />'''Water in Pores, 5 MPa'''<br /><br />''Solidity = 1''<br /><br />0 %<sub>v</sub> OPA : 1.84<br />5 %<sub>v</sub> OPA : 1.96<br />10%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 2.09<br />20%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 2.34<br />30%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 2.59<br /><br />''Solidity = 0.9''<br /><br />0 %<sub>v</sub> OPA : 1.63<br />5 %<sub>v</sub> OPA : 1.73<br />10%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 1.83<br />20%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 2.04<br />30%<sub>v</sub> OPA: 2.24<br />List: Formula values (6), page 10, Robertson.<ref name="Robertson" /> 
| {{Nts}}300
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}*OPA is olivine, pyroxene and/or amphibole in any proportions.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Rubber]] 
| {{Nts|}}'''CRC Rubber, 92%, nd'''<br />0.16<ref name="CRC"/><br /><br />'''Griffiths Natural Rubber 1923'''<br /><br />0.134<br /><br />'''Hayes Synthetic Rubbers 1960'''<br /><br />''Thiokel ST''<br /><br />0.268<br /><br />''Kel-F 3700''<br /><br />0.117<br />0.113<br />0.113<br />0.113<br /><br />''Carboxy Rubber, Firestone butaprene T''<br /><br />0.255<br />0.238<br />0.197<br />List Griffiths and Hayes curves 11, 41, 43 & 56 in TPRC '''II''' pp 981–984<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Nts|}}<br /><br /><br />303<ref name="CRC"/><br /><br /><br /><br />298.2<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />310.9<br /><br /><br /><br />310.9<br />422.1<br />477.6<br />533.2<br /><br /><br /><br />310.9<br />422.1<br />477.6<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
| {{Nts|{{#expr:10^-13}}}}~<ref name="serway"/>
| {{Nts}}The Listed Synthetic Rubbers and more of them in the data collection are credited to Hayes, R.A., Smith, F.M., Kidder, G.A., Henning, J.C., Rigby, J.D. and Hall, G.L., WADC TR 56-331 (Pt.4), 1–157, 1960 [AD 240 212].<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Sand]], Hudson River
| {{Nts|0.27}}<br />List: Robertson page 58<ref name="Robertson" />
| 303.15
|
|This sample has a density of 1.36 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Sandstone]]
| {{Ntsh|2.365}}1.83<ref name="Marble-Institute"/> - 2.90<ref name="Marble-Institute"/><br />2.1<ref name="FuchsFörster2010">{{cite web|url=http://edoc.gfz-potsdam.de/gfz/get/15306/0/69070f5918278d63d23cfce5cbad024a/15306.pdf |title=Information |website=edoc.gfz-potsdam.de }}</ref> - 3.9<ref name="FuchsFörster2010"/>
|
|
| ~95-71%[[Silicon dioxide|SiO<sub>2</sub>]]<br />~98-48%[[Silicon dioxide|SiO<sub>2</sub>]], ~16-30% [[Effective porosity|Porosity]]
|-
| {{rh}}|Silica [[aerogel]]
| {{Ntsh|0.003}}0.003<ref name="CRC"/> (carbon black9%~0.0042<ref name="Silica-Aerogels">{{cite web |url=http://energy.lbl.gov/ECS/aerogels/sa-thermal.html |title=Thermal Properties : Silica Aerogels |access-date=2014-02-27 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140321182712/http://energy.lbl.gov/ECS/aerogels/sa-thermal.html |archive-date=21 March 2014 |df=dmy-all }} Thermal Properties - Silica Aerogels</ref>)-0.008<ref name="Silica-Aerogels"/>-0.017<ref name="Silica-Aerogels"/>-0.02<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-0.03<ref name="CRC"/>
| {{Ntsh|231.333}}98<ref name="CRC"/> - 298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="CRC"/>
|
| [[Foam]]ed [[glass]]
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Silver]], pure
| {{Ntsh|422.66667}}406<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-407<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-418<ref name="EngineersEdge"/><br />427<ref name="ElectroIQ"/>-429<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="CRC"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Silver">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Silver.html|title=Silver - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>-430<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><br />'''1970s values:'''<br />''TPRC''<br />3940<br />7830<br />17200<br />16800<br />5100<br />1930<br />1050<br />700<br />550<br />497<br />471<br />460<br />450<br />432<br />430<br />428<br />427<br />420<br />413<br />405<br />397<br />389<br />382<br />List<ref name="TPRC1G" /><br />'''The Soviet Union'''<br />429<ref name="GSE593" />
| {{Ntsh|297.14286}}293<ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><br />298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Silver"/>-300<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="CRC"/><br /><br /><br />1<br />2<br />5<br />10<br />20<br />30<br />40<br />50<br />60<br />70<br />80<br />90<br />100<br />150<br />200<br />273.2<br />300<br />400<br />500<br />600<br />700<br />800<br />900<br /><br /><br />273.15
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(1.6085*10^-8)^-1}}}}{{formatnum:{{#expr:(1.63*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Silver"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(1.587*10^-8)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="Wikipedia-El"/>
| Highest ''electrical'' conductivity of any metal<br /><br />''TPRC'' recommended values are for well annealed 99.999% pure silver with residual electrical resistivity of ρ<sub>0</sub>=0.000620 ''μ''Ω⋅cm.  TPRC Data Series volume 1 page 348 (1970).<ref name="TPRC1G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Sterling silver|Silver, sterling]]
| {{Ntsh|361.4}}361<ref name="Vandana2002">{{Cite book|author=S. Vandana|title=Alternative Energy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=IDyC8tM_EGMC&pg=PA45|date=1 December 2002|publisher=APH |isbn=978-81-7648-349-0|page=45}}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Snow]], dry
| {{Ntsh|.136667}}0.05<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-0.11<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-0.25<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
| {{Nts|273}}<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Sodium chloride]]
| {{Ntsh|35.1}}35.1 - 6.5 - 4.85<ref name="almazoptics.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.almazoptics.com/NaCl.htm|title=Sodium Chloride, Sodium Chloride properties, NaCl -- Almaz Optics, Inc.|website=www.almazoptics.com}}</ref>
| 80 - 289 - 400<ref name="almazoptics.com"/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Soil]], dry with organic matter
| {{Ntsh|1.1}}0.15<ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="Soil-SciJournals">[http://soil.scijournals.org/cgi/content/figsonly/64/4/1285 Soil Sci Journals] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070128064845/http://soil.scijournals.org/cgi/content/figsonly/64/4/1285 |date=28 January 2007 }}</ref>-1.15<ref name="Soil-SciJournals"/>-2<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
|
| composition may vary
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Soil]], saturated
| {{Ntsh|2.3}}0.6<ref name="Hukseflux"/>-4<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
| {{Nts|293}}<ref name="Hukseflux"/>
|
| composition may vary
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Soils]], temperate
| {{Ntsh|0.2}} '''Andersland Soils'''<br /><br />''Sandy Soils''<br /><br />''Dry Density''= 1200&nbsp;kg ⋅ meter<sup>−3</sup><br> 20% Saturation: K= 0.90 W ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup><br>40% Saturation: K= 1.05<br> 60% Saturation: K= 1.15 <br> 80% Saturation: K= 1.20<br /><br />''Dry Density''= 1400&nbsp;kg ⋅ meter<sup>−3</sup><br> 20% Saturation: K= 1.09<br> 40% Saturation: K= 1.30<br> 60% Saturation: K= 1.44<br> 80% Saturation: K= 1.54<br /><br />''Dry Density''= 1600&nbsp;kg ⋅ meter<sup>−3</sup><br> 20% Saturation: K= 1.29<br> 40% Saturation: K= 1.58<br> 60% Saturation: K= 1.76<br> 80% Saturation: K= 1.88<br /><br />''Dry Density''= 1800&nbsp;kg ⋅ meter<sup>−3</sup><br> 20% Saturation: K= 1.50<br> 40% Saturation: K= 1.90<br> 60% Saturation: K= 2.15<br > 80% Saturation: K= 2.31<br /><br />''Silt and Clay Soils''<br /><br />''Dry Density''= 1200&nbsp;kg ⋅ meter<sup>−3</sup><br>20% Saturation: K= 0.54 W ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup><br>40% Saturation: K= 0.76<br> 60% Saturation: K= 0.90<br> 80% Saturation: K= 1.00<br /><br />''Dry Density''= 1400&nbsp;kg ⋅ meter<sup>−3</sup><br> 20% Saturation: K= 0.59<br> 40% Saturation: K= 0.86<br> 60% Saturation: K= 1.04<br> 80% Saturation: K= 1.15<br /><br />''Dry Density''= 1600&nbsp;kg ⋅ meter<sup>−3</sup><br> 20% Saturation: K= 0.61<br> 40% Saturation: K= 1.00<br> 60% Saturation: K= 1.23<br> 80% Saturation: K= 1.39<br /><br />''Dry Density''= 1800&nbsp;kg ⋅ meter<sup>−3</sup><br>20% Saturation: K= 0.65<br> 40% Saturation: K= 1.08<br> 60% Saturation: K= 1.39<br> 80% Saturation: K= 1.62<br /><br />Charts: Andersland and Anderson in Farouki, figures 152 page 106 and 148 on page 104<ref name="Farouki">Farouki, Omar T., ''Thermal Properties of Soils'', CRREL Monograph 81-1, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover New Hampshire, December 1981 at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210018605970;view=1up;seq=3 retrieved January 28, 2019 at 2:19 AM EST.</ref><br /><br />'''de Vries Soils'''<br /><br />Mineral; density 2.65 g cm<sup>−3</sup>: K = 2.93<br />Organic; density 1.3 g cm<sup>−3</sup>: K = 0.251<br />Soil, mineral, dry; density 1.50 g cm<sup>−3</sup>: K = 0.209<br />Soil, mineral, saturated; density 1.93 g cm<sup>−3</sup>: K = 2.09<br />Soil, organic, dry; density 0.13 g cm<sup>−3</sup>: K = 0.033<br />Soil, organic, sat.; density 1.03 g cm<sup>−3</sup>: K = 0.502<br />List<ref name="dV">de Vries, D. A. and Peck, A. J., "On the Cylindrical Probe Method of Measuring Thermal Conductivity With Special Reference to Soils. I. Extension of Theory and Discussion of Probe Characteristics," ''Australian Journal of Physics'', '''11''' (2), [pp 255-71] page 262, 1958> http://www.publish.csiro.au/?act=view_file&file_id=PH580255.pdf.  Retrieved 29 March 2016 at 9:17 PM (UTC).</ref><br /><br />'''Higashi Soil With Water r'''*<br />''Loose Packed''<br />'''r''' = 0.0: K= 0.255 W ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup><br />'''r''' = 0.2: K= 0.534<br />'''r''' = 0.4: K= 0.883<br />'''r''' = 0.6: K= 1.162<br /><br />''Close Packed''<br />'''r''' = 0.0: K= 0.372<br />'''r''' = 0.2: K= 0.697<br />'''r''' = 0.4: K= 1.127<br />'''r''' = 0.6: K= 1.627<br />List: Higashi, Akira; Hokkaido University Library<ref>Higashi, Akira, ''On the Thermal Conductivity of Soil'', Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 2, Physics, 4_P21-28, 1951-02 at https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/34185/1/4_P21-28.pdf retrieved January 26, 2019 at 12:08 AM, EST.</ref><br /><br />'''Kersten Soils'''<br /><br />''Silt-Clay Soils''<br />1.28 grams ⋅ cm<sup>−3</sup> dry<br />50% Saturation: K = 0.89 W ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup><br />100% Saturation: K = 1.1<br />1.44 grams ⋅ cm<sup>−3</sup> dry<br />50% Saturation: K = 1.0<br />100% Saturation: K = 1.3<br />1.60 grams ⋅ cm<sup>−3</sup>dry<br />50% Saturation: K = 1.2<br />100% Saturation: K = 1.5<br /><br />''Sandy Soil''<br />1.60 grams ⋅ cm<sup>−3</sup> dry<br />50% Saturation: K = 1.7 W ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup><br />100% Saturation: K = 2.0<br />List: Kersten in Farouki, figures 146 & 150, pp.&nbsp;103 & 105<ref name="Farouki">Farouki, Omar T., ''Thermal Properties of Soils'', CRREL Monograph 81-1, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover New Hampshire, December 1981 at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31210018605970;view=1up;seq=3 retrieved January 28, 2019 at 2:19 AM EST.</ref>
|293.2<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />277.59<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
|
|The cited Andersland Charts include corresponding water content percentages for easy measurements.<br /><br /><br />The TPRC Data Book has been quoting de Vries with values of 0.0251 and 0.0109 W⋅cm<sup>−3</sup>⋅Kelvin<sup>−1</sup> for the thermal conductivities of organic and dry mineral soils respectively but the original article is free at the website of their cited journal.  Errors:  TPRC Volume 2 pages 847 and 1159.<ref name="TPRC2G" /> Journal archives.<ref name="dV" /><br /><br />Also some de Vries authorities include John Webb, "Thermal Conductivity of Soil" November 1956, ''Nature'' Volume 178, pages 1074–1075, and M.W. Makowski, "Thermal Conductivity of Soil" April 1957, ''Nature'' Volume 179, pages 778-779 and more recent notables include Nan Zhang Phd and Zhaoyu Wang PhD "Review of soil thermal conductivity and predictive models" July 2017, ''International Journal of Thermal Sciences'' Volume 117 pages 172–183.

*'''r''' ≡ The ratio of the water mass to the dried soil mass.  Higashi Soil.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Soils]], frozen, below saturation
| {{Nts}}'''Higashi Soils'''<br /> ''Soil '''A''', Black cultivated, 0 — 10 cm deep''<br /><br />Dry: K = 0.488 W ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup><br />Saturated: K = 3.151<br /><br />''Soil '''B''', Brown subsoil, 25 — 30 cm deep''<br /><br />Dry: K = 0.232<br />Saturated: K = 2.604<br /><br />''Soil '''C''', Yellow brown subsoil, 50 — 60 cm deep''<br /><br />Dry: K = 0.290<br />Saturated: K = 2.279<br /><br />List: Higashi, Hokkaido University Library<ref name="Higashi">Higashi, Akira, ''Thermal Conductivity of Frozen Soil'', Journal of the Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Series 2, Physics 4_P95-106, 1952-3 at https://eprints.lib.hokudai.ac.jp/dspace/bitstream/2115/34198/1/4_P95-106.pdf retrieved January 26, 2019 at 12:12 AM EST.</ref><br /><br />'''Kersten Soils'''<br /><br />''Sandy Soil''<br /><br />1.60 grams ⋅ cm<sup>−3</sup> dry<br /><br />50% Saturation: K = 1.7 W ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup><br />100% Saturation: K > 3.17<br />List: Kersten in Farouki, figure 151 page 105.<ref name="Farouki" /> 
| {{Nts}}268.15 ± 2K<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />269.26
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}''Higashi anomalies:'' The very high c values that are labeled as thermal conductivities in table III on page 100 would roughly fit the thesis of the paper if they came with lower orders of magnitude.  The way that the dry soils get a lot lighter between Table I on page 99 and table IV on pages 102-3 is eventually explained by the fact that Table I has pycnometer densities.

For those who may already see reasons to learn more about the thermal conductivities of the soils it is free from the Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.  The whole thing is on the Farouki reference footnote<ref name="Farouki" /> and it comes with graphs and with formulas.

To make it easier a lb/ft<sup>3</sup> is about 0.01601846 grams/cm<sup>3</sup> and a Btu in./ft<sup>2</sup> hr °F is about 0.14413139 W ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup>.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Soils]], frozen, above saturation
| {{Nts}}'''Higashi Soils'''<br />''Soil A''<br />'''r'''* = 0.7: K = 3.953 W ⋅ m<sup>−1</sup> ⋅ K<sup>−1</sup><br />''Soil B''<br />'''r''' = 0.8: K = 3.348<br />List<ref name="Higashi" /> 
| {{Nts}}268.15 ± 2K
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}In this sample of two there is one very dirty kind of ice that conducts heat at nearly twice the rate of plain ice.  *'''r''' ≡ The ratio of the water mass to the dried mass.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Solder]], [[Tin|Sn]]/63% [[Lead|Pb]]/37%
| {{Ntsh|50}}50<ref name=ec>{{cite web|url=http://electronics-cooling.com/2006/08/thermal-conductivity-of-solders/ | title=Thermal Conductivity-of Solders| date=9 August 2006}}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Lead-free solder]], {{nowrap|[[Tin|Sn]]/95.6% [[Silver|Ag]]/3.5% [[Copper|Cu]]/0.9%}}, {{nowrap|[[Tin|Sn]]/95.5% [[Silver|Ag]]/3.8% [[Copper|Cu]]/0.7%}} (SAC)
| {{Ntsh|60}}~60<ref name=ec/>
|
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Carbon steel|Steel, carbon]]
| {{Ntsh|46.74286}}36<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><ref name="EngineersEdge"/>-43<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/> 50.2<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-54<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/><ref name="EngineersEdge"/><br /><br />'''Intermediate British Steels, 1933'''<br /><br />''CS 81: 0.1% C, 0.34% Mn''<br />67.4<br />66.1<br />64.9<br /><br />''CS 91: 0.26% C, 0.61% Mn''<br />56.1<br />55.2<br />54.4<br /><br />''CS 92: 0.44% C, 0.67% Mn''<br />54.0<br />52.7<br />51.9<br />List: Naeser, G. in TPRC '''I''' pp 1186–90, curves 81, 91 and 92<ref name="TPRC1G" /><br /><br />'''Tool Steel, 1.41% C, 0.23% Mn, 0.158% Si''' '''L'''<br /><br />''Water Quenched''<br />30.5<br />31.0<br />31.8<br /><br />''Tempered at 150°C and air cooled''<br />32.2<br />32.2<br />32.8<br /><br />''Tempered at 200°C and air cooled''<br />33.1<br />33.9<br />33.5<br /><br />''Tempered at 250°C and air cooled''<br />36.8<br />36.4<br />37.2<br /><br />''Tempered at 300°C and air cooled''<br />37.7<br />38.5<br />38.1<br /><br />''Tempered at 350°C and air cooled''<br />38.1<br />38.5<br />38.9<br />List: Hattori, D., J. Iron Steel Inst. (London) '''129''' (1), 189–306, 1934 in TPRC '''I''' pp 1115–1120 curves 61-66<ref name="TPRC1G" /> 
| {{Ntsh|295}}293<ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />373.2<br />473.2<br />573.2<br /><br /><br />373.2<br />473.2<br />573.2<br /><br /><br />373.2<br />473.2<br />573.2<br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />355.70<br />374.20<br />390.20<br /><br /><br />360.70<br />376.70<br />389.70<br /><br /><br />366.20<br />401.70<br />427.20<br /><br /><br />364.20<br />395.70<br />424.70<br /><br /><br />365.70<br />393.20<br />427.20<br /><br /><br />369.20<br />390.70<br />432.20<br /><br /><br />
|
| ([[Iron|Fe]]+(1.5-0.5)%[[Carbon|C]])
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Stainless steel|Steel, stainless]]
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(6*16.3+16.7+18+24)/9}}}}16.3<ref name="EngineersEdge"/><ref name="GoodFellow-StainlessSteel-3xx">http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-302.html<br />http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-304.html<br />http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-310.html<br />http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-316.html<br />http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-321.html</ref>-16.7<ref name="GoodFellow-StainlessSteel-17-7PH">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-17-7PH.html|title=Stainless Steel - 17-7PH - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>-18<ref name="GoodFellow-StainlessSteel-410">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Stainless-Steel-AISI-410.html|title=Stainless Steel - AISI 410 - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>-24<ref name="GoodFellow-StainlessSteel-410"/>
| {{Nts|296}}<ref name="GoodFellow-StainlessSteel-3xx"/><ref name="GoodFellow-StainlessSteel-17-7PH"/><ref name="GoodFellow-StainlessSteel-410"/>
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(70.5*10^-8)^-1}}}}{{formatnum:{{#expr:(85*10^-8)^-1 round -3}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-StainlessSteel-17-7PH"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(56*10^-8)^-1 round -3}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-StainlessSteel-410"/>
| ([[Iron|Fe]], [[Chromium|Cr]]12.5-25%, [[Nickel|Ni]]0-20%, [[Molybdenum|Mo]]0-3%, [[Titanium|Ti]]0-trace)
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Styrofoam|Styrofoam-expanded polystyrene]]
|{{Ntsh|0.036}} '''Dow Chemical''' 0.033-0.036<ref name="Dow">{{cite web |url=http://building.dow.com/eu/gbr/en/products/styrofoam/thermalresistance.htm |title=STYROFOAM : Declared Thermal Resistance |publisher=Dow}}</ref><br />'''K. T. Yucel''' et al. 0.036-0.046<ref name="Yucel">{{cite web |url=http://zenonpanel.com.mk/al/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/Thermal-Insulation-properties.PDF |title=Thermal Insulation Properties of Expanded Polystyrene as Construction and Insulating Materials |publisher=Demirel University |access-date=17 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150131235720/http://zenonpanel.com.mk/al/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/Thermal-Insulation-properties.PDF |archive-date=31 January 2015 |url-status=dead |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Syenite]]
| {{Nts|2.18}}<br />List: Birch and Clark in Robertson page 58<ref name="Robertson" />
| 300
|
| This summary came from one sample in 1940.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Thermal grease]]
| {{Nts|0.4}} - 3.0 {{citation needed|date=January 2016}}
|
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|Thermal tape
| {{Nts|0.60}}<ref>{{cite web|title=3M™ Thermally Conductive Adhesive Transfer Tape 8805|url=http://solutions.3m.com/wps/portal/3M/en_US/Electronics_NA/Electronics/Products/Electronics_Product_Catalog/~/3M-Thermally-Conductive-Adhesive-Transfer-Tape-8805?N=8704987+3294001801&rt=rud|date=2015|publisher=3M}}</ref>
|
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Thorium dioxide]]
| {{Ntsh|3.68}} 3.68<br />3.12<br />2.84<br />2.66<br />2.54<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|1000<br />1200<br />1400<br />1600<br />1800<br /><br />
|
|Recommended values, TPRC, Polycrystaline, 99.5% pure, 98% dense, page 198<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Tin]]
| {{Ntsh|70}} '''TPRC'''<br />20400<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 14200 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, 18300 P*<br />36000<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 25000 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, 32300 P<br />33100<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 23000 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, 29700 P<br />20200<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 14000 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, 18100 P<br /><br />13000<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 9000 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (11700) P<br /><br />8500<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 5900 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (7600) P<br />5800<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 4000 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (5200) P<br />4000<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 2800 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (3600) P<br />2900<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 2010 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (2600) P<br /><br />2150 <math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 1490 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (1930) P<br /><br />1650<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 1140<math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (1480) P<br />1290<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 900 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (1160) P<br />1040<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 20 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (930) P<br />850 <math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 590 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (760) P<br /><br />700 <math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 490 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (630) P<br /><br />590 <math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 410 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (530) P<br />450 <math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 310 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (400) P<br />360 <math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 250 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (320) P<br />250 <math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 172 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (222) P<br /><br />200 <math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 136* <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (176) P<br /><br />167 <math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 116 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (150) P<br />(150)<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, (104) <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (133) P<br />(137)<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, (95) <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (123) P<br />(128)<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, (89) <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (115) P<br /><br />(107)<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, (74) <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (96) P<br />(98.0)<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, (68.0) <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (88.0) P<br />(95.0)<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, (66.0) <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (85.0) P<br />(86.7)<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, (60.2) <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (77.9) P<br /><br />(81.6)<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, (56.7) <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, (73.3) P<br /><br />(75.9)<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, (52.7) <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, 68.2 P<br />(74.2)<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, (51.5) <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, 66.6 P<br />69.3<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 48.1 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, 62.2 P<br />66.4<math>\perp</math>to the c axis, 46.1 <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis, 59.6 P<br />List<ref name="TPRC1G" /><br /><br />'''The Soviet Union'''<br />68.2<ref name="GSE593" />
| {{Nts}}<br />1<br />2<br />3<br />4<br /><br />5<br /><br />6<br />7<br />8<br />9<br /><br />10<br /><br />11<br />12<br />13<br />14<br /><br />15<br /><br />16<br />18<br />20<br />25<br /><br />30<br /><br />35<br />40<br />45<br />50<br /><br />70<br />90<br />100<br />150<br /><br />200<br /><br />273.2<br />300<br />400<br />500<br /><br /><br /><br />273.15
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}*The P Conductivity is the conductivity of polycrystalline Tin.<br /><br />TPRC Tin is well annealed 99.999+% pure white tin with residual electrical resistivity ρ<sub>0</sub>=0.000120, 0.0001272 & 0.000133 ''μ''Ω cm respectively for the single crystal along directions perpendicular <math>\perp</math> and parallel <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis and for polycrystalline tin P.  The recommended values are thought to be accurate to within 3% near room temperature and 3 to [unintelligible] at other temperatures.  Values in parentheses are extrapolated, interpolated, or estimated.<br /><br />*It happens that the online record has the thermal conductivity at 30 Kelvins and <math>\parallel</math> to the c axis posted at 1.36 W⋅cm<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> and 78.0 Btu hr<sup>−1</sup> ft<sup>−1</sup> F<sup>−1</sup> which is incorrect.  Also the copy is blurred up enough to give you the impression that maybe what it really means is 1.36 W<sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup> and 78.6 Btu hr<sup>−1</sup> ft<sup>−1</sup> F<sup>−1</sup> and a type-head that got overdue for its cleaning since the secretary had a tall heap of papers on her desk and if that is the case then the multilingual expression is perfectly consistent.  TPRC Data Series Volume 1, page 408.<ref name="TPRC1G" /><br /><br />This material is superconductive (electrical) at temperatures below 3.722 Kelvins.  Weast page E-75.<ref name="Weast" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Titanium]], pure
| {{Ntsh|20.18}}15.6<ref name="EngineersEdge"/>-19.0<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-21.9<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Titanium">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Titanium.html|title=Titanium - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>-22.5<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>
| {{Ntsh|296.5}}293<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-858"/>-300<ref name="Wikipedia-Th"/><ref name="GoodFellow-Titanium"/>
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:(48*10^-8)^-1}}}}{{formatnum:{{#expr:(54*10^-8)^-1 round -3}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Titanium"/> - {{formatnum:{{#expr:(42*10^-8)^-1 round -3}}}}<ref name="Wikipedia-El"/>
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Titanium]] [[alloy]]
| {{Nts|5.8}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Titanium-Aluminium-Vanadium">{{cite web|url=http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Titanium-Aluminium-Vanadium.html|title=Titanium/Aluminium/Vanadium - online catalogue source - supplier of research materials in small quantities - Goodfellow|last=www.goodfellow.com|website=www.goodfellow.com}}</ref>
| {{Nts|296}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Titanium-Aluminium-Vanadium"/>
| {{Nts|{{#expr:(168*10^-8)^-1 round -2}}}}<ref name="GoodFellow-Titanium-Aluminium-Vanadium"/>
| ([[Titanium|Ti]]+6%[[Aluminium|Al]]+4%[[Vanadium|V]])
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Tungsten]], pure
| {{Nts|173}} 1440<br />9710<br />208<br />{{Nts|173}}<ref name="Tungsten">[[Tungsten]]</ref><br />118<br />98<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.efunda.com/materials/elements/TC_Table.cfm?Element_ID=W |title=Thermal Conductivity: Tungsten |author=eFunda Inc. |website=www.efunda.com |access-date=10 February 2025 }}</ref>
| 1<br />10<br />100<br />{{Nts|293}}<ref name="Tungsten"/><br />1000<br />2000
| {{Nts|{{#expr:(52.8*10^-9)^-1 round -4}}}}<ref name="Tungsten"/>
| 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Wallboard|Wallboard (1929)]]
| {{Ntsh|0.06}} 0.0640<br />0.0581<br />0.0633<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|322.8
|
|Stiles, H., Chem. Met. Eng.,'''36''', 625–6, 1929, TPRC Volume 2 pages 1131 and 1172.  This is commercial wallboard in three samples of it at the same mean temperature.<ref name="TPRC2G" /> 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Water]]
| {{Ntsh|.5936}}0.563<ref name="SeaWater">{{cite web |url=http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_7/2_7_9.html |title=2.7.9 Physical properties of sea water |publisher=www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/ - www.npl.co.uk/ |access-date=25 January 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170804042836/http://www.kayelaby.npl.co.uk/general_physics/2_7/2_7_9.html |archive-date=4 August 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>-0.596<ref name="SeaWater"/>-0.6<ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-0.609<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1260"/><br /><br />[[Deionized water|Deionized ultra-filtered water]]<br />0.598<ref>{{cite web|url=https://thermtest.se/thermal-conductivity-of-water|title=Thermal Conductivity of Water|last=Dr. Cederkrantz|first=Daniel|website=www.thermtest.se|date=11 February 2021 }}</ref><br /><br />'''TPRC'''<br />0.5225*<br />0.5551*<br />0.5818<br />0.5918<br />0.6084<br />0.6233<br />0.6367<br />0.6485<br />0.6587<br />0.6673<br />0.6797<br />0.6864<br />0.6727<br />0.6348<br />0.5708<br />List<ref name="TPRC3G">Touloukian, Powell, Ho and Klemens, Purdue Research Foundation, TPRC Data Series Volume 3 (1970)https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951937.pdf retrieved on February 2, 2019 at 5:34 AM EST.</ref><br /><br />'''The Soviet Union'''<br />0.599<ref name="GSE593" />
| {{Ntsh|290.4}}273<ref name="SeaWater"/>-293<ref name="Hukseflux"/><ref name="HyperPhysics"/><ref name="SeaWater"/>-300<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-1260"/><br /><br /><br />293.15<br /><br /><br />250<br />270<br />280<br />290<br />300<br />310<br />320<br />330<br />340<br />350<br />370<br />400<br />450<br />500<br />550<br /><br /><br /><br />293.15
| {{Ntsh|{{#expr:5*10^-3}}}}5×[[Deionized water|Pure]]10<sup>−6</sup><ref name="Wikipedia"/>-[[Drinking water|Sweet]]10<sup>−3±1</sup><ref name="Wikipedia"/>-[[Sea water|Sea]]1<ref name="SeaWater"/>
| <4<ref name="SeaWater"/>%[[Sodium chloride|(NaCl]]+[[Magnesium chloride|MgCl<sub>2</sub>]]+[[Calcium chloride|CaCl<sub>2</sub>)]]<br /><br />*The TPRC Estimates for water at 250K and 270K are for supercooled liquid.  Of course the values for 400K and above are for water under steam pressure.<ref name="TPRC3G" />

|-
| {{rh}}|[[Water vapor]]
| {{Ntsh|.020395}}0.016<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-0.02479 (101.3 kPa)<ref name=crc84.6-4>"Thermal conductivity of saturated H<sub>2</sub>O and D<sub>2</sub>O", ''CRC Handbook'', p. 6–4.</ref><br />0.0471 (1 bar)<ref name=crc84.6-195>"Thermal conductivity of gases", ''CRC Handbook'', p. 6–195.</ref>
| {{Ntsh|295.5}}293<ref name=crc84.6-4/>-398<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><br />600<ref name=crc84.6-195/>
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Wood]], moist
| {{Ntsh|.21523}}+>=12% water:  0.09091<ref name="Wood">{{cite web|url=http://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/fplgtr/fplgtr113/ch03.pdf |title=Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood }}</ref>-0.16<ref name="CRC"/>-0.21<ref name="Wood"/>-0.4<ref name="Hukseflux"/><br />'''The Royal Society:'''<br /><br />'''Fir''' '''L'''<br />''Specific gravity=0.6''<br />15% moisture<br />⊥ to the grain '''U'''*:  0.117<br />'''Mahogany''' '''L'''<br />''Specific gravity=0.70''<br />15% m & ⊥ to the grain '''R'''*:  0.167<br />15% m & ⊥ to the grain '''T'''*:  0.155<br />15% m & <math>\parallel</math> to the grain: 0.310<br />'''Oak''' '''L'''<br />''Specific gravity=0.60''<br />14% m & ⊥ to the grain '''T''':  0.117<br />'''Spruce:''' '''L'''<br />''Electric Oven''<br />3.40% m & ⊥ to the grain '''R''':  0.122<br />5.80% m & ⊥ to the grain '''R''':  0.126<br />7.70% m & ⊥ to the grain '''R''':  0.129<br />9.95% m & ⊥ to the grain '''R''':  0.133<br />17.0% m & ⊥ to the grain '''R''':  0.142<br />''Specific gravity=0.041<br />''16% m & ⊥ to the grain '''R''': 0.121<br />16% m & ⊥ to the grain '''T''': 0.105<br />16% m & <math>\parallel</math> to the grain: 0.222<br />'''Teak''' '''L'''<br />''Specific gravity=0.72''<br />10% m & ⊥ to the grain '''T''': 0.138<br />'''Walnut''' '''L'''<br />''Specific gravity=0.65''<br />12.1% m & ⊥ to the grain '''R''': 0.145<br />11.3% m & ⊥ to the grain '''T''': 0.136<br />11.8% m & <math>\parallel</math> to the grain: 0.332<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" />
| {{Ntsh|295.5}}298<ref name="CRC"/>-293<ref name="Hukseflux"/><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />293.2<br /><br /><br />293.2<br />293.2<br />293.2<br /><br /><br />293.2<br /><br /><br />373.2<br />373.2<br />373.2<br />373.2<br />373.2<br /><br />293.2<br />293.2<br />293.2<br /><br /><br />293.2<br /><br /><br />293.2<br />293.2<br />293.2<br />
| {{Nts}}
| {{Nts}}Species-Variable<ref name="Wood"/><br /><br />The Royal Society:  Griffiths, E. and Kaye, G. W. C., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), '''A104''', 71–98, 1923, TPRC Volume 2, pages 1073, 1080, 1082, 1086 and 1162.<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br /><br />*The '''R''' conductivity is the thermal conductivity radial to the annual rings, '''T''' is tangential to those rings and '''U''' is unspecified.  Mahogany: page 1080, Oak: page 1082, Spruce: page 1086, Teak: page 1087, Walnut: page 1089.

Method: Longitudinal Heat Flow, TPRC '''1''', page 24a.<ref name="TPRC1G" />

Note: all the percentages refer to moisture.  The Fir was measured at 15%, Mahogany, 15%, Oak, 14%, Spruce, 3.40%, 5.80%, 7.70%, 9.95%, 17.0% and 16%.  Teak was measured at 10% and Walnut was measured at 12.1%, 11.3% and 11.8% moisture.
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Wood]], unspecified
| {{Ntsh|.10532}}0.04<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-0.055<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-0.07692<ref name="Wood"/>-0.12<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-0.17<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><ref name="Wood"/><br /><br />'''The Royal Society'''<br />''Walnut'' '''L'''<br />⊥ to the grain & tangent to the annual rings, various pressures and thicknesses all 0.137 ± 0.001 twelve times over.  Griffiths, E. and Kaye, G. W. C., Proc. Roy. Soc. (London), '''A104''', 71–98, 1923 in TPRC '''2''' page 1089.<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br /><br />'''Various'''<br />Pine, see Pine.<br />Redwood Bark, see Redwood Bark. 
| {{Ntsh|295.5}}293<ref name="HyperPhysics"/>-298<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/><br /><br /><br /><br /><br /><br />293.2<br /><br /><br /><br /><br />
|
| [[Balsa]]<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>-[[Cedar wood|Cedar]]<ref name="Wood"/>-[[Hickory]]<ref name="Wood"/>/[[Oak]]<ref name="EngineeringToolbox-429"/>
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Angora wool|Wool]], Angora wool
| {{Nts|0.0464}}<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|293.2<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|
|Bettini, T. M., Ric. Sci. '''20''' (4), 464–6, 1950, TPRC pages 1092 and 1172<ref name="TPRC2G" /> 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Wool|Wool felt]]
| {{Nts|0.0623}}<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />0.0732<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|313.2<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br />343.2<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|
|Taylor, T. S., Mech. Eng., '''42''', 8–10, 1920, TPRC pages 1133 and 1161.<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Zinc]], pure
| {{Ntsh|116}}116<ref name="Wikipedia"/>
| {{Ntsh|293}}293<ref name="Wikipedia"/>
| {{Ntsh|16,950,000}}16,950,000<ref name="Wikipedia"/>
| 
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Zinc oxide]]
| {{Nts|21}}<ref name="ElectroIQ"/>
|
|
|
|-
| {{rh}}|[[Zirconia|Zirconium dioxide]]
| {{Ntsh|1.9}} '''Slip Cast, first run (1950)''' <br />2.03<br />1.98<br />1.96<br />1.91<br />1.91<br />1.90<br />'''Second Run (1950)''' <br />1.81<br />1.80<br />1.92<br />1.90<br />1.95<br />1.92<br />1.97<br />1.98<br />2.04<br />2.29<br />'''CaO stabilized (1964)''' <br />1.54<br />1.64<br />1.64<br />1.76<br />1.62<br />1.79<br />1.80<br />2.46<br />2.33<br />2.80<br />2.56<br />2.70<br />List<ref name="TPRC2G" />
|766.2<br />899.2<br />1006.2<br />1090.2<br />1171.2<br />1233.2<br /><br />386.2<br />470.2<br />553.2<br />632.2<br />734.2<br />839.2<br />961.2<br />1076.2<br />1163.2<br />1203.2<br /><br />1343.2<br />1513.2<br />1593.2<br />1663.2<br />1743.2<br />2003.2<br />2103.2<br />2323.2<br />2413.2<br />2413.2<br />2493.2<br />2523.2
|
|'''First Run:''' Density=5.35 g cm<sup>−3</sup>.  Norton, F. H., Kingery, W. D., Fellows, D. M., Adams, M., McQuarrie, M. C. and Coble, R. L. USAEC Rept. NYO-596, 1–9, 1950, TPRC pages 247 and 1160<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br /><br />'''Second Run:''' Same Specimen, same USAEC Report.<ref name="TPRC2G" /><br /><br />'''CaO stabilized:''' Density=4.046 g cm<sup>−3</sup> (66.3% of theoretical).  Feith, A. D., Gen. Elec. Co., Adv. Tech. Service, USAEC Rept. GEMP-296, 1-25, 1964, TPRC pages 247 and 1165.<ref name="TPRC2G" />

Some recent developments include Zirconia fibrous thermal insulation for temperatures up to about 2000 Kelvins. Various conductivities less than 0.4 w m<sup>−1</sup> K<sup>−1</sup>.  Zircar Zirconia, Inc.<ref>https://zircarzirconia.com/technical-documents/thermal-conductivity-zircar-zirconia-fibrous-insulation/ retrieved January 19, 2019 at 4:49 AM EST.</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Tables/thrcn.html |title=Thermal Conductivity |website=hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu |access-date=2025-01-18}}</ref>
|- class="sortbottom"
! Material
! Thermal conductivity &#91;[[Watt|W]]·[[Metre|m]]<sup>−1</sup>·[[Kelvin|K]]<sup>−1</sup>&#93;
! [[Temperature]] [K]
! [[Electrical conductivity]] @ 293&nbsp;K &#91;[[Ohm|Ω]]<sup>−1</sup>·m<sup>−1</sup>&#93;
! Notes
|}

== See also ==
* [[Laser flash analysis]]
* [[List of insulation materials]]
* [[R-value (insulation)]]
* [[Thermal transmittance]]
* [[Specific heat capacity]]
* [[Thermal conductivity]]
* [[Thermal conductivities of the elements (data page)]]
* [[Thermal diffusivity]]
* [[Thermodynamics]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|editor=David R. Lide|title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q2qJId5TKOkC|edition=84th|year=2003|publisher=CRC Press|location=Boca Raton, FL|isbn=978-0-8493-0484-2}}

==External links==
* [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/heatcond.html#c1 Heat Conduction Calculator]
* [http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/thermal-conductivity-calculator-d_857.html Thermal Conductivity Online Converter - An online thermal conductivity calculator]
* [http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2006/08/thermal-conductivity-of-solders/ Thermal Conductivities of Solders]
* Thermal conductivity of air as a function of temperature can be found at [https://web.archive.org/web/20070306020819/http://users.wpi.edu/~ierardi/PDF/air_k_plot.PDF James Ierardi's Fire Protection Engineering Site]
* '''Non-Metallic Solids''':  The thermal conductivities of non-metallic solids are found in about 1286 pages in the TPRC Data Series volume 2 at the PDF link here (Identifier ADA951936):  http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA951936 with full text link https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951936.pdf retrieved February 2, 2019 at 10:15 PM EST.
* '''Gasses and Liquids''':  The thermal conductivities of gasses and liquids are found in the TPRC Data Series volume 3 at the PDF link here (Identifier ADA951937):  http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA951937 with full text link https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951937.pdf retrieved February 2, 2019 at 10:19 PM EST.
* '''Metals and Alloys''':  The thermal conductivities of metals are found in about 1595 pages in the TPRC Data Series volume 1 at the PDF link here: http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA951935 with full text link https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951935.pdf retrieved February 2, 2019 at 10:20 PM EST.
* '''Specific Heat and Thermal Radiation''':  Primary sources are found in the TPRC data series volumes 4 — 9, links: https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951938.pdf, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951939.pdf, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951940.pdf, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951941.pdf, https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951942.pdf and https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a951943.pdf retrieved at various times February 2 and 3, 2019.
* '''Vacuums''':  Vacuums and various levels of vacuums and the thermal conductivities of air at reduced pressures are known at http://www.electronics-cooling.com/2002/11/the-thermal-conductivity-of-air-at-reduced-pressures-and-length-scales/ retrieved February 2, 2019 at 10:44 PM EST.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thermal conductivities}}
[[Category:Chemical properties]]
[[Category:Physical quantities]]
[[Category:Heat conduction]]
[[Category:Technology-related lists]]
[[Category:Heat transfer]]
[[Category:Thermodynamics]]