View source for Apportionment in the European Parliament

{{Short description|Allocation of legislative seats to EU member countries}}
{{EngvarB|date=January 2020}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2020}}
{{Politics of the European Union}}

The [[Apportionment (politics)|apportionment]] of seats within the [[European Parliament]] to each [[member state of the European Union]] is set out by the [[Treaties of the European Union|EU treaties]]. According to European Union treaties, the distribution of seats is "[[Degressive proportionality|degressively proportional]]" to the population of the member states, with negotiations and [[vote trading|agreements]] between member states playing a role.<ref>{{Cite conference |title="National Representation in European Democracy: Seat Apportionment in the European Parliament" |publisher=[[European Union Studies Association]]|url=https://www.eustudies.org/conference/papers/download/490}} [PDF file]</ref> Thus the allocation of seats is not strictly proportional to the size of a state's population, nor does it reflect any other automatically triggered or fixed mathematical formula. The process can be compared to the composition of the [[Electoral College (United States)|electoral college]] used to elect the President of the United States of America in that, ''pro rata'', the smaller state received more places in the electoral college than the more populous states.

After the [[Brexit|withdrawal of the United Kingdom]] from the EU in 2020, the number of MEPs, including the [[President of the European Parliament|president]], dropped to 705<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20200130IPR71407/redistribution-of-seats-in-the-european-parliament-after-brexit|title=Redistribution of seats in the European Parliament after Brexit|publisher=European Parliament|date=31 January 2020|access-date=2 February 2020}}</ref> but since the [[2024 European Parliament election|2024 election]], it increased to 720.<ref name=":1" /> The maximum number allowed by the [[Lisbon Treaty]] is 751.

==Background==
When the Parliament was established in 1952 as the 78-member "Common Assembly of the [[European Coal and Steel Community]]" the then-three smaller states ([[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], and the [[Netherlands]]) were concerned about being under-represented and hence they were granted more seats than their population would have allowed. Membership increased to 142 with the Assembly expanded to cover the [[European Economic Community|Economic]] and [[Euratom|Atomic Energy Communities]].<ref name="ENA COMP">{{cite web |title=Composition of the European Parliament |publisher=European NAvigator |url=http://www.ena.lu?lang=2&doc=3999 |access-date=12 June 2007}}</ref> It then grew further with each [[Enlargement of the European Union|enlargement]], which each time allowing smaller nations to have greater proportion of seats relative to larger states.

;; Relative influence of voters from different EU member states (2024 - 2029)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/debatte/0,1518,268111,00.html|title=Europäische Verfassung: Das Demokratiedefizit|date=2 October 2003|work=Der Spiegel|access-date=13 January 2012}}</ref>
Influence is proportional to [[seats-to-votes ratio]] and inversely proportional to Inhabitants to MEPs ratio.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Member state of the European Union|Member&nbsp;state]]
!Population
![[Member of the European Parliament|MEPs]]
!Inhabitants<br>per MEP
!Influence<ref>It's based on the medium value 622,761 Inhabitants/MEPs. Formula: <math>{622,761 \over (Inhabitants/MEPs)_{Memberstate}}</math></ref>
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{AUT}}
|9,104,772
|20
|455,239
|1,37
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{BEL}}
|11,754,004
|22
|534,273
|1,17
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{BGR}}
|6,447,710
|17
|379,277
|1,64
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{HRV}}
|3,850,894
|12
|320,908
|1,94
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{CYP}}
|920,701
|6
|153,450
|4,06
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{CZE}}
|10,827,529
|21
|515,597
|1,21
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{DNK}}
|5,932,654
|15
|395,510
|1,57
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{EST}}
|1,365,884
|7
|195,126
|3,19
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{FIN}}
|5,563,970
|15
|370,931
|1,68
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{FRA}}
|68,070,697
|81
|840,379
|0,74
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{DEU}}
|84,358,845
|96
|878,738
|0,71
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{GRC}}
|10,394,055
|21
|494,955
|1,26
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{HUN}}
|9,597,085
|21
|457,004
|1,36
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{IRL}}
|5,194,336
|14
|371,024
|1,68
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{ITA}}
|58,850,717
|76
|774,352
|0,80
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{LVA}}
|1,883,008
|9
|209,223
|2,98
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{LTU}}
|2,857,279
|11
|259,753
|2,40
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{LUX}}
|660,809
|6
|110,135
|5,65
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{MLT}}
|542,051
|6
|90,342
|6,89
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{NLD}}
|17,811,291
|31
|574,558
|1,08
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{POL}}
|36,753,736
|53
|693,467
|0,90
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{PRT}}
|10,476,366
|21
|498,446
|1,25
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{ROU}}
|19,051,562
|33
|577,320
|1,08
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{SVK}}
|5,428,792
|15
|361,919
|1,72
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{SVN}}
|2,116,792
|9
|235,199
|2,65
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{ESP}}
|48,059,777
|61
|787,865
|0,79
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{SWE}}
|10,521,556
|21
|501,026
|1,24
|-
!{{EU}}
!448,387,872
!720
!622,761
!1.00
|}

==Nice system (2003 – 2009)==
[[File:Pop2SeatNice2007.PNG|right|thumb|400px|Number of seats plotted against the population of each State (Nice 2007)]]
The [[Treaty of Nice|Nice Treaty]] provided for a maximum of 736 seats. In 2009, with about 500 million EU citizens, this meant that there were on average 670,000 citizens represented by each MEP. Some states divide the electorate for their allocated MEPs into sub-national [[Constituency|constituencies]]. However, they may not be divided in such a way that the system would no longer be proportional.

The [[2004 European Parliament election]] was the first conducted under the [[Treaty of Nice|Nice Treaty]], with 732 seats for the 25 member states.

The [[2009 European Parliament election]] was conducted under the rules included in the [[Treaty of Nice|Nice Treaty]] which provided for a maximum number of 736, although that figure had been breached on the accession of new members to the EU, these states being allowed parliamentary representation without a corresponding reduction in the number of MEPs allotted to other member states. This happened in 2007 on the accession of Romania and Bulgaria, when the number of seats temporarily increased to 785. It subsequently returned to 736 in the 2009 election.<ref name="ENA COMP"/>

==Lisbon system (2009 – present)==
Under the [[Lisbon Treaty]], which first applied to the [[2014 European Parliament election]], the cap on the number of seats was raised to 750, with a maximum of 96 and a minimum of 6 seats per state. They continue to be distributed "degressively proportional" to the populations of the EU's member states.<ref>{{cite web |title=Distribution of EP seats: Constitutional Affairs Committee approvals proposal |date=2 October 2007 |publisher=Europa (web portal) |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/expert/infopress_page/001-11037-274-10-40-901-20071001IPR11035-01-10-2007-2007-false/default_en.htm |access-date=10 October 2001}}</ref>

{{Apportionment in the European Parliament Nice versus Lisbon}}

There was controversy over the fact that the population figures are based on residents, not citizens, resulting in countries with larger disenfranchised immigrant populations gaining more under Lisbon than those with smaller ones.<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldirova |first=Renata |title=Italy seeks to delay MEP seats decision |date=12 October 2007 |publisher=EU Observer |url=http://euobserver.com/9/24947 |access-date=12 October 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016045551/http://euobserver.com/9/24947 |archive-date=16 October 2007 |url-status=live }}</ref> Italy would have been the greatest loser under the Lisbon system and sought the same number of MEPs as France and the United Kingdom. Italy raised the issue during [[Treaty of Lisbon|treaty negotiations]] and succeeded in gaining one extra MEP (giving it the same as the UK) while the [[President of the European Parliament]] would not be counted as a lawmaker hence keeping the number of MEPs to the 750-seat limit.<ref>{{cite web|last=Goldirova|first=Renata|title =EU agrees new 'Lisbon Treaty'|date=19 October 2007|publisher=EU Observer|url=http://euobserver.com/9/25001|access-date = 19 October 2007| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20071021034120/http://euobserver.com/9/25001| archive-date= 21 October 2007 | url-status= live}}</ref>

===2011 amendment===
In 2011 an amendment, which came into force on 1 December, temporarily increased the Lisbon limit to 754.<ref>{{cite web|title=18 new MEPs take their seats|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/headlines/content/20120103MUN34829/html/18-new-MEPs-take-their-seats|publisher=European Parliament|access-date=25 March 2013|date=10 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Ratification of Parliament's 18 additional MEPs completed|url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?type=IM-PRESS&reference=20100223BKG69359&language=EN|publisher=European Parliament|access-date=25 March 2013|date=29 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=18 new MEPs to arrive next month |date=14 November 2011 |newspaper=EUobserver |author=Philip Ebels |url=http://euobserver.com/843/114270 |access-date=13 January 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.consilium.europa.eu/App/accords/Default.aspx?command=details&id=297&lang=EN&aid=2010057&doclang=EN |title=Ratification details |access-date=20 September 2011 |archive-date=25 May 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120525113731/http://www.consilium.europa.eu/policies/agreements/search-the-agreements-database?lang=en&command=details&id=297&lang=en&aid=2010057&doclang=en |url-status=dead }}</ref> This allowed member states who gained seats under Lisbon to take them before the 2014 election, while allowing Germany which lost seats under Lisbon to retain them until the 2014 election. This amendment, in effect, institutes a transitional manner of distributing MEPs to take account of the fact that the 2009 European Parliamentary elections took place under the rules contained in the [[Nice Treaty]] and not in the [[Lisbon Treaty]]. That result means that member state that are to gain seats in parliament under the Lisbon rules may take them, but that Germany which loses three seats under the Lisbon rules keeps those seats until the next elections, due in 2014.<ref>Protocol Amending the Protocol on Transitional Provisions annexed to the Treaty on European Union, to the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union and to the Treaty Establishing the European Atomic Energy Community ([http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:C:2010:263:0001:0010:EN:PDF OJ 29.9.2010, C 263, p. 1]).</ref> As a result, Germany temporarily exceeds the maximum number of MEPs allocatable to a member state under the Lisbon Treaty by having 99 MEPs, three above the intended limit.

===2013 amendment===
Following the [[Accession of Croatia to the European Union|accession of Croatia]] on 1 July 2013 with 12 extra seats, the apportionment was amended for the [[2014 European Parliament election|2014 elections]],<ref name="seats-2014" /> when 12 countries lost one seat (including Croatia itself).

===2014 election===
[[File:Number of seats in EP 2014-2019 versus number of inhabitants per country.jpg|thumb|Number of seats in EP 2014–2019 versus number of inhabitants, showing difference with proportionality.]]
From October 2008,<ref>Euractiv, [http://www.euractiv.com/eu-elections/mep-radical-electoral-reform-badly-needed-2014/article-176273 MEP: 'Radical' electoral reform 'badly needed' for 2014] 13 October 2008</ref> MEP [[Andrew Duff]] ([[Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe|ALDE]], UK) has advocated within the European Parliament for a reform of EU electoral law for the 2014 elections, including the creation of a single constituency of 25 seats in which each European citizen would be entitled to vote on the basis of pan-European lists. He has been nominated rapporteur, as the European Parliament has the right of initiative in this field ruled by unanimity in the Council. After the 2009 election, Duff proposed a new version of his report,<ref>Europolitics, Célia Sampol, [http://www.europolitics.info/institutions/andrew-duff-proposes-creation-of-transnational-list-art270042-46.html European elections: Andrew Duff proposes creation of transnational list] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131202230619/http://www.europolitics.info/institutions/andrew-duff-proposes-creation-of-transnational-list-art270042-46.html |date=2 December 2013 }} 26 April 2010</ref> which was adopted by the parliamentary Committee on Constitutional Affairs (AFCO) in April 2011. However, the plenary session of the Parliament referred the report back to the AFCO committee in July 2011. A third version of the report<ref>Legislative observatory of the European Parliament, [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/oeil/popups/ficheprocedure.do?reference=2009/2134(INI)&l=en Procedure files on the Proposal for a modification of the Act concerning the election of the Members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage of 20 September 1976]</ref> was published in September 2011 and adopted by the AFCO committee in January 2012, but was withdrawn before being discussed in plenary in March 2012 for fear that it would likely be turned down.

On 13 March 2013 the [[European Parliament]] voted a new proposal updating seat assignments per country for 2014,<ref name="seats-2014" /> taking into account demographic changes and bringing the total number of seats back to the nominal 751 enshrined in the [[Lisbon Treaty]]. The same document suggests the creation of a formal process "based on objective criteria to be applied in a pragmatic manner" for apportioning seats in future elections.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
|+ Apportionment in the European Parliament
! rowspan="2" | Constituency
! rowspan="2" | 2007
! rowspan="2" | 2009
! rowspan="2" | Dec. 
2011<ref>[http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/10/st00/st00011.en10.pdf Amendments to the protocol on transitional provisions annexed to the EU treaties] ratified on 1 December 2011, according to the European Parliament [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/news-room/content/20100223BKG69359/html/Ratification-of-Parliament%27s-18-additional-MEPs-completed Press release on the ratification of Parliament's 18 additional MEPs], 1 December 2011</ref>
! rowspan="2" | 1 July <br />2013<ref>Accession of Croatia to the EU in compliance with the [http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/11/st14/st14409.en11.pdf Treaty concerning the accession of the Republic of Croatia] signed on 9 December 2011</ref>
! rowspan="2" | A. Duff's <br />1st prop.<br />for 2014<ref>First proposal by Member of European Parliament Andrew Duff in his draft report entitled [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2004_2009/documents/pr/741/741998/741998en.pdf Proposal for a modification of the Act concerning the election of the Members of the European Parliament by direct universal suffrage of 20 September 1976], published on 4 November 2010</ref><ref>Report of the European Parliament staff, [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/activities/committees/studies/download.do?language=fr&file=35051 The allocation between the EU member states of seats in the European Parliament – Cambridge Compromise] March 2011</ref>
! colspan="3" | A. Duff's 2nd prop.<ref>Euractiv, [http://www.euractiv.com/future-eu/countries-set-lose-meps-populati-news-514708 Countries set to lose MEPs as their population shrinks], 11 September 2012</ref>
! rowspan="2" | European<br />Council<br />Decision<br />2014<ref>Official Journal of the European Union, [http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexplus!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=32013D0312 2013/312/EU: European Council Decision of 28 June 2013 establishing the composition of the European Parliament], 28 June 2013</ref>
! rowspan="2" | Population<br />in 2013<ref>[http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&init=1&language=en&pcode=tps00001&plugin=1 Eurostat, as of 1 January 2013]; numbers in ''italic'' are provisional.</ref>
! rowspan="2" | Population<br />per MEPs
|-
! | 2014
! | 2019
! | 2024
|-
! text-align:left" | Pan-European 
| text-align:right" | –
| text-align:right" | –
| text-align:right" | –
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | –
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 25
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | –
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | –
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | –
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | –
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | –
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | –
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Germany|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 99
| text-align:right" | 99
| text-align:right" | 99
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 99
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 96
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 96
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 96
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 96
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 96
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 80,523,746
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 838,789
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|France|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 78
| text-align:right" | 72
| text-align:right" | 74
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 74
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 83
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 79
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 83
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 83
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 74
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 65,633,194
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 886,935
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|United Kingdom|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 78
| text-align:right" | 72
| text-align:right" | 73
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 73
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 80
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 76
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 79
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 80
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 73
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 63,896,071
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 875,289
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Italy|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 78
| text-align:right" | 72
| text-align:right" | 73
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 73
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 78
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 75
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 78
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 78
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 73
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 59,685,227
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 817,606
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Spain|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 54
| text-align:right" | 50
| text-align:right" | 54
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 54
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 61
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 58
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 61
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 61
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 54
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 46,704,308
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 864,895
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Poland|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 54
| text-align:right" | 50
| text-align:right" | 51
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 51
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 51
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 51
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 51
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 51
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 51
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 38,533,299
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 755,555
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Romania|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 35
| text-align:right" | 33
| text-align:right" | 33
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 33
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 31
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 31
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 31
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 31
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 32
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 20,020,074
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 625,627
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Netherlands|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 27
| text-align:right" | 25
| text-align:right" | 26
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 26
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 25
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 25
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 25
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 25
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 26
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 16,779,575
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 645,368
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Belgium|state|size=13px}}
| text-align:right" | 24
| text-align:right" | 22
| text-align:right" | 22
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 22
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 20
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 19
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 19
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 21
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11,161,642
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 531,507
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Greece|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 24
| text-align:right" | 22
| text-align:right" | 22
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 22
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 19
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 20
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 19
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 19
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 21
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11,062,508
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 526,786
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Czech Republic|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 24
| text-align:right" | 22
| text-align:right" | 22
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 22
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 20
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 21
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 10,516,125
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 500,768
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Portugal|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 24
| text-align:right" | 22
| text-align:right" | 22
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 22
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 20
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 21
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 10,487,289
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 499,395
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Hungary|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 24
| text-align:right" | 22
| text-align:right" | 22
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 22
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 17
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 20
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 17
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 21
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 9,908,798
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 471,848
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Sweden|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 19
| text-align:right" | 18
| text-align:right" | 20
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 20
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 17
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 17
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 17
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 20
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 9,555,893
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 477,795
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Austria|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 18
| text-align:right" | 17
| text-align:right" | 19
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 19
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 16
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 17
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 16
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 16
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8,451,860
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 469,548
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Bulgaria|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 18
| text-align:right" | 17
| text-align:right" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 18
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 15
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 16
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 14
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 14
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 17
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 7,284,552
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 428,503
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Denmark|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 14
| text-align:right" | 13
| text-align:right" | 13
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 13
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 13
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 5,602,628
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 430,971
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Finland|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 14
| text-align:right" | 13
| text-align:right" | 13
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 13
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 13
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 5,426,674
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 417,436
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Slovakia|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 14
| text-align:right" | 13
| text-align:right" | 13
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 13
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 13
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 5,410,836
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 416,218
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Ireland|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 13
| text-align:right" | 12
| text-align:right" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 4,591,087
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 417,372
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Croatia|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | —
| text-align:right" | —
| text-align:right" | —
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 4,262,140
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 387,467
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Lithuania|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 13
| text-align:right" | 12
| text-align:right" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 12
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 9
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 10
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 9
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 9
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" |11
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 2,971,905
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 270,173
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Slovenia|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 7
| text-align:right" | 7
| text-align:right" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 2,058,821
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 257,353
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Latvia|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 9
| text-align:right" | 8
| text-align:right" | 9
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 9
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 8
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 2,023,825
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 252,978
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Estonia|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 6
| text-align:right" | 6
| text-align:right" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 7
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 7
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 7
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 7
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 1,324,814
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 220,802
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Cyprus|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 6
| text-align:right" | 6
| text-align:right" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 865,878
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 144,313
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Luxembourg|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 6
| text-align:right" | 6
| text-align:right" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 537,039
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 89,507
|-
! text-align:left" | {{flag|Malta|size=15px}}
| text-align:right" | 5
| text-align:right" | 5
| text-align:right" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 6
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 421,364
| text-align:right; font-weight:bold" | 70,227
|-
! text-align:left" | total
! text-align:right" | 785
! text-align:right" | 736
! text-align:right" | 754
! text-align:right" | 766
! text-align:right" | 776
! text-align:right" | 751
! text-align:right" | 751
! text-align:right" | 751
! text-align:right" | 751
! text-align:right" | 505,701,172
! text-align:right" | 673,370
|}

===2019 election===
The EU needed to revise the apportionment of seats in time for the next European Parliament election, expected to be held in May 2019, when the United Kingdom's 73 MEPs may have vacated their seats following [[Brexit]]. In April 2017, a group of European lawmakers discussed what should be done about the vacated seats. One plan, supported by [[Enrico Letta]], [[Gianni Pittella]] and [[Emmanuel Macron]], was to replace the 73 seats with a pan-European constituency list. Other options which were considered include dropping the British seats without replacement and reassigning some or all of the existing seats from other countries to reduce inequality of representation.<ref name="politicomep">{{cite news|url=http://www.politico.eu/article/meps-debate-who-inherits-british-seats/|title=MEPs debate who inherits British seats|access-date=12 April 2017|publisher=politico.eu}}</ref> A plan to reduce the number of seats to 705 was approved by the Parliament in February 2018. It involves redistributing 27 seats to under-represented members and reserving the remaining 46 for future EU expansions. A proposal by the Constitutional Affairs Committee to create a pan-member constituency was rejected by the Parliament at the same time.<ref name="feb-2018-shrink-europarl">{{cite press release |url=http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20180202IPR97025/size-of-parliament-to-shrink-after-brexit |title=Size of Parliament to shrink after Brexit |publisher=[[European Parliament]] |date=7 February 2018 |access-date=28 May 2018}}</ref>
The proposed redistribution did not occur due to the [[Brexit negotiations in 2019|Brexit extension until 31 October]], and the allocation used was the same as in 2014. After Brexit took legal effect, the seat distribution was decided by the European Council. Those countries which were allocated additional seats elected MEPs who only took office after Brexit had taken effect.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
|+ Apportionment in the European Parliament
! rowspan=3 | Country
! rowspan=3 | 2007
! rowspan=3 | 2009
! rowspan=3 | Dec. 
2011<ref>[http://register.consilium.europa.eu/pdf/en/10/st00/st00011.en10.pdf Amendments to the protocol on transitional provisions annexed to the EU treaties] ratified on 1 December 2011, according to the European Parliament [http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/pressroom/content/20100223BKG69359/html/Ratification-of-Parliament%27s-18-additional-MEPs-completed Press release on the ratification of Parliament's 18 additional MEPs], 1 December 2011</ref>
! rowspan=3 | July <br/> 2013
! rowspan=3 | 2014
! colspan=4 | Proposals for 2019 after the<br />removal of UK seats<ref name="politicomep"/><ref name="bruegel">[http://bruegel.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/PC-2017_02-Euro-Parl-310117.pdf "Is Brexit an opportunity to reform the European Parliament?" &#91;pdf&#93;]</ref>
! colspan=2 | Population
|-
! colspan=2 | Cambridge Compromise
! rowspan=2 | Decision <br/>(Feb 2018)
! rowspan=2 | Change <br/> from 2014
! rowspan=2 | 2017<ref>{{cite web |url=http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1 |title=Population on 1 January |publisher=[[Eurostat]] |access-date=29 May 2018}}</ref>
! rowspan=2 | Thousands <br/> per MEP
|-
! Minimizing <br/> Gini{{refn|The [[Gini coefficient]] defines how equal (or unequal) is the distribution of seats among member states represented in the parliament. According to ref.,<ref name="bruegel"/> the Gini coefficient of the European Parliament, before changes coming from brexit, is 17.5%, making it very unequal; as a point of comparison, the US House of representative scores a 2.2%, the German Bundestag 3.4%.}}
! Minimizing <br/> malapportionment
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Germany|size=15px}}
| 99
| 99
| 99
| 99
| 96
| 96
| 96
| style="font-weight:bold" | 96
| {{nochange}}
| 82,521,653
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:82521653 / 96000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|France|size=15px}}
| 78
| 72
| 74
| 74
| 74
| 79
| 96
| style="font-weight:bold" | 79
| {{up}} +5
| 66,989,083
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:66989083 / 79000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|United Kingdom|size=15px}}
| 78
| 72
| 73
| 73
| 73
| –
| –
| style="font-weight:bold" | –
| {{down}} -73
| –
| –
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Italy|size=15px}}
| 78
| 72
| 73
| 73
| 73
| 73
| 89
| style="font-weight:bold" | 76
| {{up}} +3
| 60,589,445
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:60589445 / 76000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Spain|size=15px}}
| 54
| 50
| 54
| 54
| 54
| 57
| 70
| style="font-weight:bold" | 59
| {{up}} +5
| 46,528,024
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:46528024 / 59000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Poland|size=15px}}
| 54
| 50
| 51
| 51
| 51
| 47
| 58
| style="font-weight:bold" | 52
| {{up}} +1
| 37,972,964
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:37972964 / 52000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Romania|size=15px}}
| 35
| 33
| 33
| 33
| 32
| 27
| 33
| style="font-weight:bold" | 33
| {{up}} +1
| 19,644,350
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:19644350 / 33000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Netherlands|size=15px}}
| 27
| 25
| 26
| 26
| 26
| 24
| 29
| style="font-weight:bold" | 29
| {{up}} +3
| 17,081,507
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:17081507 / 29000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Belgium|size=15px}}
| 24
| 22
| 22
| 22
| 21
| 18
| 21
| style="font-weight:bold" | 21
| {{nochange}}
| 11,351,727
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:11351727 / 21000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Greece|size=15px}}
| 24
| 22
| 22
| 22
| 21
| 17
| 20
| style="font-weight:bold" | 21
| {{nochange}}
| 10,768,193
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:10768193 / 21000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Czech Republic|size=15px}}
| 24
| 22
| 22
| 22
| 21
| 17
| 20
| style="font-weight:bold" | 21
| {{nochange}}
| 10,578,820
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:10578820 / 21000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Hungary|size=15px}}
| 24
| 22
| 22
| 22
| 21
| 16
| 19
| style="font-weight:bold" | 21
| {{nochange}}
| 9,797,561
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:9797561 / 21000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Portugal|size=15px}}
| 24
| 22
| 22
| 22
| 21
| 17
| 20
| style="font-weight:bold" | 21
| {{nochange}}
| 10,309,573
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:10309573 / 21000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Sweden|size=15px}}
| 19
| 18
| 20
| 20
| 20
| 16
| 19
| style="font-weight:bold" | 21
| {{up}} +1
| 9,995,153
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:9995153 / 21000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Austria|size=15px}}
| 18
| 17
| 19
| 19
| 18
| 15
| 18
| style="font-weight:bold" | 19
| {{up}} +1
| 8,772,865
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:8772865 / 19000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Bulgaria|size=15px}}
| 18
| 17
| 18
| 18
| 17
| 13
| 15
| style="font-weight:bold" | 17
| {{nochange}}
| 7,101,859
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:7101859 / 17000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Denmark|size=15px}}
| 14
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 12
| 13
| style="font-weight:bold" | 14
| {{up}} +1
| 5,748,769
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:5748769 / 14000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Finland|size=15px}}
| 14
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 12
| 13
| style="font-weight:bold" | 14
| {{up}} +1
| 5,503,297
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:5503297 / 14000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Slovakia|size=15px}}
| 14
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 12
| 13
| style="font-weight:bold" | 14
| {{up}} +1
| 5,435,343
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:5435343 / 14000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Ireland|size=15px}}
| 13
| 12
| 12
| 12
| 11
| 11
| 12
| style="font-weight:bold" | 13
| {{up}} +2
| 4,784,383
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:4784383 / 13000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Croatia|size=15px}}
| –
| –
| –
| 12
| 11
| 10
| 11
| style="font-weight:bold" | 12
| {{up}} +1
| 4,154,213
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:4154213 / 12000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Lithuania|size=15px}}
| 13
| 12
| 12
| 12
| 11
| 9
| 9
| style="font-weight:bold" | 11
| {{nochange}}
| 2,847,904
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:2847904 / 11000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Latvia|size=15px}}
| 9
| 8
| 9
| 9
| 8
| 8
| 8
| style="font-weight:bold" | 8
| {{nochange}}
| 1,950,116
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:1950116 / 8000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Slovenia|size=15px}}
| 7
| 7
| 8
| 8
| 8
| 8
| 8
| style="font-weight:bold" | 8
| {{nochange}}
| 2,065,895
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:2065895 / 8000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Estonia|size=15px}}
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 7
| 7
| style="font-weight:bold" | 7
| {{up}} +1
| 1,315,635
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:1315635 / 7000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Cyprus|size=15px}}
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 7
| style="font-weight:bold" | 6
| {{nochange}}
| 854,802
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:854802 / 6000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Luxembourg|size=15px}}
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| style="font-weight:bold" | 6
| {{nochange}}
| 590,667
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:590667 / 6000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | {{flag|Malta|size=15px}}
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| style="font-weight:bold" | 6
| {{nochange}}
| 460,297
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:460297 / 6000}}|0}}
|-
! style="text-align:left" | Total
! 785
! 736
! 754
! 766
! 751
! 639
! 736
! 705
! {{down}} –46
| 445,714,098{{refn|Population of the EU without the United Kingdom}}
| {{Rnd|{{#expr:445714098 / 705000}}|0}}
|}

===2024 election===

In February 2023, the [[European Parliament Committee on Constitutional Affairs|AFCO]] committee of the European Parliament released a draft report (whose rapporteurs are [[Lóránt Vincze]] and [[Sandro Gozi]]) on the necessary changes to the composition of the European Parliament in order to respect the principle of degressive proportionality (enshrined in the [[Treaty on European Union|TEU]]). The draft report suggested a new apportionnement which aimed at respecting the degressive proportionality while also resulting in no loss of seats for any Member State, therefore leading to an expansion in the number of MEPs, from 705 to 716.<ref>{{cite web|title=Draft report on the composition of the European Parliament (2021/2229(INL) – 2023/0900(NLE))|url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/AFCO-PR-730188_EN.pdf|publisher=European Parliament|date=February 2023|access-date=14 May 2023}}</ref> On 12 June 2023, the report was approved by the AFCO committee, with the apportionment being unchanged compared to the draft report.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-12-06 |title=MEPs propose new seat distribution for the next legislative term {{!}} News {{!}} European Parliament |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230612IPR96903/meps-propose-new-seat-distribution-for-the-next-legislative-term |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref> On 15 June 2023 the report was approved by the EP plenary.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-15 |title=European elections 2024: Parliament proposes more seats for nine EU countries {{!}} News {{!}} European Parliament |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230609IPR96213/european-elections-2024-parliament-proposes-more-seats-for-nine-eu-countries |access-date=2023-06-15 |website=www.europarl.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref>

In July 2023, the [[Council of the European Union|European Council]] put forward its own proposed apportionment for the tenth European Parliament, which would add 15 new MEPs and thus take the number of seats from 705 to 720.<ref>{{cite web |title=European Parliament set to grow by 15 MEPs in 2024 |url=https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-parliament-mep-election-2024/? |access-date=28 July 2023}}</ref> In this proposal, no Member State would lose any spots in the hemicycle and the countries gaining new seats would be as indicated in the table below under '''New allocation of seats (final decision for 2024)'''.

On 15 September 2023, the European Parliament approved the apportionment proposed by the Council, with 515 votes in favor, 74 against and 44 abstentions.<ref name=":1">{{cite web |title=2024 European elections: 15 additional seats divided between 12 countries |url=https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230911IPR04910/2024-european-elections-15-additional-seats-divided-between-12-countries |access-date=19 September 2023}}</ref>

Furthermore, this decision envisages the future (before the 2029-2034 parliamentary term) definition of "''an objective, fair, durable and transparent seat distribution method implementing the principle of degressive proportionality, without prejudice to the institutions’ prerogatives under the Treaties".'' <ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=EUR-Lex - 32023D2061 - EN - EUR-Lex |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2023/2061/oj |access-date=2023-10-29 |website=eur-lex.europa.eu |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.foederalist.eu/2024/02/degressive-proportionality.html |title=Degressive proportionality: EU enlargement will increase European electoral inequality – but the problem can be solved |date=2024-02-02 |website=Der Föderalist |last=Müller |first=Manuel}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
! style="text-align: left;" |[[Member state of the European Union|Member&nbsp;state]]
!Population (2023)
![[Member of the European Parliament|MEPs]]
!ratio population/seats 
!New allocation of seats (AFCO draft)
!Change from 2022 (AFCO draft)
!New ratio population/seats (AFCO draft)
!New allocation of seats (final decision for 2024)<ref name=":0" />
!Change from 2022 (final decision for 2024)
!New ratio population/seats (final decision for 2024)
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{DEU}}
|84,358,845
|96
|878,738
|96
| {{nochange}}
|878,738
|96
|{{nochange}}
|878,738
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{FRA}}
|68,070,697
|79
|858,767
|79
| {{nochange}}
|861,654
|81
|{{up}} +2
|840,379
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{ITA}}
|58,850,717
|76
|774,352
|76
| {{nochange}}
|774,352
|76
|{{nochange}}
|774,352
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{ESP}}
|48,059,777
|59
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |814,572
|61
| {{up}} +2
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |787,865
|61
|{{up}} +2
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |787,865
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{POL}}
|36,753,736
|52
|706,803
|52
| {{nochange}}
|706,803
|53
|{{up}} +1
|693,467
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{ROU}}
|19,051,562
|33
|577,320
|33
| {{nochange}}
|577,320
|33
|{{nochange}}
|577,320
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{NLD}}
|17,811,291
|29
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |614,182
|31 
| {{up}} +2
|574,558
|31
|{{up}} +2
|574,558
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{BEL}}
|11,754,004
|21
|559,714
|21
| {{nochange}}
|559,714
|22
|{{up}} +1
|534,273
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{CZE}}
|10,827,529
|21
|515,597
|21
| {{nochange}}
|515,597
|21
|{{nochange}}
|515,597
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{SWE}}
|10,521,556
|21
|501,026
|21
| {{nochange}}
|501,026
|21
|{{nochange}}
|501,026
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{PRT}}
|10,467,366
|21
|498,446
|21
| {{nochange}}
|498,446
|21
|{{nochange}}
|498,446
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{GRC}}
|10,394,055
|21
|494,955
|21
| {{nochange}}
|494,955
|21
|{{nochange}}
|494,955
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{HUN}}
|9,597,085
|21
|457,004
|21
| {{nochange}}
|457,004
|21
|{{nochange}}
|457,004
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{AUT}}
|9,104,772
|19
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |479,199
|20 
| {{up}} +1
|455,239
|20
|{{up}} +1
|455,239
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{BGR}}
|6,447,710
|17
|379,277
|17
| {{nochange}}
|379,277
|17
|{{nochange}}
|379,277
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{DNK}}
|5,932,654
|14
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |423,761
|15 
| {{up}} +1
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |395,510
|15
|{{up}} +1
|style="background:#FFC7C7" |395,510
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{FIN}}
|5,563,970
|14
|397,426
|15 
| {{up}} +1
|370,931
|15
|{{up}} +1
|370,931
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{SVK}}
|5,428,792
|14
|387,771
|15
| {{up}} +1
|361,919
|15
|{{up}} +1
|361,919
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{IRL}}
|5,194,336
|13
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |399,564
|14
| {{up}} +1
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |371,024
|14
|{{up}} +1
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |371,024
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{HRV}}
|3,850,894
|12
|320,908
|12
| {{nochange}}
|320,908
|12
|{{nochange}}
|320,908
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{LTU}}
|2,857,279
|11
|259,753
|11
| {{nochange}}
|259,753
|11
|{{nochange}}
|259,753
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{SVN}}
|2,116,792
|8
| style="background:#FFC7C7" |264,599
|9
| {{up}} +1
|235,199
|9
|{{up}} +1
|235,199
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{LVA}}
|1,883,008
|8
|235,376
|9
| {{up}} +1
|209,223
|9
|{{up}} +1
|209,223
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{EST}}
|1,365,884
|7
|195,126
|7
| {{nochange}}
|195,126
|7
|{{nochange}}
|195,126
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{CYP}}
|920,701
|6
|153,450
|6
| {{nochange}}
|153,450
|6
|{{nochange}}
|153,450
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{LUX}}
|660,809
|6
|110,135
|6
| {{nochange}}
|110,135
|6
|{{nochange}}
|110,135
|-
! style="text-align: left;" |{{MLT}}
|542,051
|6
|90,342
|6
| {{nochange}}
|90,342
|6
|{{nochange}}
|90,342
|-
!{{EU}}
!448,387,872
!705
!636,011
!716
! {{up}} +11
!626,240
!720
!{{up}} +15
!622,761
|}

{{color box|#FFC7C7}} Degressive proportionality breached.

== Changes in membership ==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"
! align=left style="width:9em;"|State
! Joined<br />
! Population<br />2006
! Population<br />2017
! class="unsortable"|Sep<br />[[European Parliament#Consultative assembly|1952]]
! class="unsortable"|Mar<br />[[Treaty of Rome|1957]]
! class="unsortable"|Jan<br />[[Enlargement of the European Union#First enlargement|1973]]
! class="unsortable"|Jun<br />[[1979 European Parliament election|1979]]
! class="unsortable"|Jan<br />[[Enlargement of the European Union#Mediterranean enlargements|1981]]
! class="unsortable"|Jan<br />[[Enlargement of the European Union#Mediterranean enlargements|1986]]
! class="unsortable"|Jun<br />[[1994 European Parliament election|1994]]
! class="unsortable"|Jan<br />[[1995 enlargement of the European Union|1995]]
! class="unsortable"|May<br />[[2004 enlargement of the European Union|2004]]
! class="unsortable"|Jun<br />[[2004 European Parliament election|2004]]
! class="unsortable"|Jan<br />[[2007 enlargement of the European Union|2007]]
! class="unsortable"|Jun<br />[[2009 European Parliament election|2009]]
! class="unsortable"|Dec<br />[[#2011 amendment|2011]]
! class="unsortable"|Jul<br />[[Accession of Croatia to the European Union|2013]]
! class="unsortable"|Jun<br />[[2014 European Parliament election|2014]]
! class="unsortable"|Feb<br />[[2019 European Parliament election|2020]]
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{DEU}}'''
| 1951
| 82,428,000
| 82,521,653
| 18
| 36
| 36
| 81
| 81
| 81
| 99
| 99
| 99
| 99
| 99
| 99
| 99
| 99
| 96
| 96
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{FRA}}'''
| 1951
| 62,886,000
| 66,989,083
| 18
| 36
| 36
| 81
| 81
| 81
| 87
| 87
| 87
| 78
| 78
| 72
| 74
| 74
| 74
| 79
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{UK}}'''
| 1973
| 60,422,000
| 65,808,573
! colspan="2" |&nbsp;
| 36
| 81
| 81
| 81
| 87
| 87
| 87
| 78
| 78
| 72
| 73
| 73
| 73
!&nbsp;
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{ITA}}'''
| 1951
| 58,752,000
| 60,589,445
| 18
| 36
| 36
| 81
| 81
| 81
| 87
| 87
| 87
| 78
| 78
| 72
| 73
| 73
| 73
| 76
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{ESP}}'''
| 1986
| 43,758,000
| 46,528,024
! colspan="5" |&nbsp;
| 60
| 64
| 64
| 64
| 54
| 54
| 50
| 54
| 54
| 54
| 59
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{POL}}'''
| 2004
| 38,157,000
| 37,972,964
! colspan="8" |&nbsp;
| 54
| 54
| 54
| 50
| 51
| 51
| 51
| 52
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{ROU}}'''
| 2007
| 21,610,000
| 19,644,350
! colspan="10" |&nbsp;
| 35
| 33
| 33
| 33
| 32
| 33
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{NLD}}'''
| 1951
| 16,334,000
| 17,081,507
| 10
| 14
| 14
| 25
| 25
| 25
| 31
| 31
| 31
| 27
| 27
| 25
| 26
| 26
| 26
| 29
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{BEL}}'''
| 1951
| 10,511,000
| 11,351,727
| 10
| 14
| 14
| 24
| 24
| 24
| 25
| 25
| 25
| 24
| 24
| 22
| 22
| 22
| 21
| 21
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{GRE}}'''
| 1981
| 11,125,000
| 10,768,193
! colspan="4" |&nbsp;
| 24
| 24
| 25
| 25
| 25
| 24
| 24
| 22
| 22
| 22
| 21
| 21
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{CZE}}'''
| 2004
| 10,251,000
| 10,578,820
! colspan="8" |&nbsp;
| 24
| 24
| 24
| 22
| 22
| 22
| 21
| 21
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{POR}}'''
| 1986
| 10,570,000
| 10,309,573
! colspan="5" |&nbsp;
| 24
| 25
| 25
| 25
| 24
| 24
| 22
| 22
| 22
| 21
| 21
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{SWE}}'''
| 1995
| 9,048,000
| 9,995,153
! colspan="7" |&nbsp;
| 22
| 22
| 19
| 19
| 18
| 20
| 20
| 20
| 21
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{HUN}}'''
| 2004
| 10,077,000
| 9,797,561
! colspan="8" |&nbsp;
| 24
| 24
| 24
| 22
| 22
| 22
| 21
| 21
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{AUT}}'''
| 1995
| 8,266,000
| 8,772,865
! colspan="7" |&nbsp;
| 21
| 21
| 18
| 18
| 17
| 19
| 19
| 18
| 19
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{BUL}}'''
| 2007
| 7,719,000
| 7,101,859
! colspan="10" |&nbsp;
| 18
| 17
| 18
| 18
| 17
| 17
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{DEN}}'''
| 1973
| 5,428,000
| 5,748,769
! colspan="2" |&nbsp;
| 10
| 16
| 16
| 16
| 16
| 16
| 16
| 14
| 14
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 14
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{FIN}}'''
| 1995
| 5,256,000
| 5,503,297
! colspan="7" |&nbsp;
| 16
| 16
| 14
| 14
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 14
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{SVK}}'''
| 2004
| 5,389,000
| 5,435,343
! colspan="8" |&nbsp;
| 14
| 14
| 14
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 14
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{IRL}}'''
| 1973
| 4,209,000
| 4,784,383
! colspan="2" |&nbsp;
| 10
| 15
| 15
| 15
| 15
| 15
| 15
| 13
| 13
| 12
| 12
| 12
| 11
| 13
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{HRV}}'''
| 2013
| 4,443,000
| 4,154,213
! colspan="13" |&nbsp;
| 12
| 11
| 12
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{LTU}}'''
| 2004
| 3,403,000
| 2,847,904
! colspan="8" |&nbsp;
| 13
| 13
| 13
| 12
| 12
| 12
| 11
| 11
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{SVN}}'''
| 2004
| 2,003,000
| 2,065,895
! colspan="8" |&nbsp;
| 7
| 7
| 7
| 7
| 8
| 8
| 8
| 8
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{LAT}}'''
| 2004
| 2,295,000
| 1,950,116
! colspan="8" |&nbsp;
| 9
| 9
| 9
| 8
| 9
| 9
| 8
| 8
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{EST}}'''
| 2004
| 1,344,000
| 1,315,635
! colspan="8" |&nbsp;
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 7
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{CYP}}'''
| 2004
| 766,000
| 854,802
! colspan="8" |&nbsp;
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{LUX}}'''
| 1951
| 460,000
| 590,667
| 4
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
|-
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left"|'''{{MLT}}'''
| 2004
| 404,000
| 460,297
! colspan="8" |&nbsp;
| 5
| 5
| 5
| 5
| 6
| 6
| 6
| 6
|-class="sortbottom"
| style="background:#F2F2F2; text-align:left" colspan=2|'''Total'''
! 494,070,000
! 511,522,671
! 78
! 142
! 198
! 410
! 434
! 518
! 567
! 626
! 788
! 732
! 785
! 736
! 754
! 766
! 751
! 705
|}
<small>Source for MEP figures 1952–2004: European Navigator. Source for population figures and MEP figures for 2007 and 2009: European Parliament, full population figures [http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/tgm/table.do?tab=table&language=en&pcode=tps00001&tableSelection=1&footnotes=yes&labeling=labels&plugin=1]. December 2011 figures reflect the members added to the European Parliament by the Protocol Amending the Protocol on Transitional Provisions (OJ 29.9.2010, C 263, p.&nbsp;1) which came into force on 1 December 2011. Figures for 2019 follow parliamentary decision of February 2018.[http://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20180202IPR97025/size-of-parliament-to-shrink-after-brexit][http://www.europarl.europa.eu/resources/library/media/20180123RES92302/20180123RES92302.pdf]</small>

==See also==
* [[United States congressional apportionment]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Europarl}}

[[Category:European Parliament apportionment]]
[[Category:Numbering in politics]]