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{{Short description|1861 physics paper by James Clerk Maxwell}} ...Physical Lines of Force'''" is a four-part paper written by [[James Clerk Maxwell]], published in 1861.<ref> ...

| image1 = Maxwell's_thermodynamic_surface,_commentary_book_figures_1,2.jpg | image2 = Maxwell's_thermodynamic_surface,_commentary_book_figures_3,4.jpg ...

...=Zhong |first2=Zheng |last3=Weng |first3=George J. |date=2017-06-01 |title=Maxwell–Wagner–Sillars mechanism in the frequency dependence of electrical conducti Maxwell-Wagner polarization processes should be taken into account during the inves ...

[[File:Maxwell's_demon.svg|right|thumb|340x340px|Fig.1 Schematic figure of Maxwell's demon thought experiment. The demon distinguishes fast-moving molecules f ...itle=The Scientific Papers of James Clerk Maxwell|last=Maxwell|first=James Clerk|editor1-first=W. D|editor1-last=Niven|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge Univers ...

...enne-Jules Marey]]. In a letter to his wife, Katherine Mary Clerk Maxwell, Maxwell wrote, "There is a tradition in Trinity that when I was here I discovered a ...otational motion]] at the start of its descent, the cat was not "cheating" by using the cat handler's hand as a [[Lever|fulcrum]]. This in itself posed a ...

{{For|current versions of Maxwell's equations|Maxwell's equations}} [[File:James Clerk Maxwell.png|thumb|right|James Clerk Maxwell]] ...

...ded [[Maxwell's Equations|Maxwell electrodynamics]] and was replaced by it by the end of the 19th century.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Baumgartel|first=C|aut ...= 1867 | page = 617}}</ref> He postulated that the electric force exerted by a point charge <math>q_2</math> on another point charge <math>q_1</math> de ...

...eriments of [[Heinrich Hertz]] confirmed this, making [[radio]] possible. Maxwell also postulated, correctly, that [[light]] was a form of electromagnetic wa ...rent carrying [[Electrical conductor|conductors]]. In such circuits, even Maxwell's equations can be dispensed with and simpler formulations used. On the ot ...

...certain models of [[phase transition]]s. Named for physicist [[James Clerk Maxwell]], it considers areas of regions on [[phase diagram]]s. ...tinue to move and the gas to expand until it reaches the state represented by the maximum of the isotherm. Vice versa, if we add ever so little to the lo ...

...s a charge, indicating that the ball induces charge in the metal container by [[electrostatic induction]]. An opposite charge is induced on the inside su ...[[electrostatics]] [[Scientific experiment|experiment]] performed in 1843 by British scientist [[Michael Faraday]]<ref name="Faraday1">{{cite journal ...

...tivates the development of approximate techniques such as the one provided by Chapman–Enskog theory. ...gas state over macroscopic lengths. Typically, their values are determined by initial/boundary conditions and/or external fields. This separation of scal ...

{{short description|Blackboard used by Albert Einstein on 16 May 1931 lectures at the University of Oxford}} ...ww.hsm.ox.ac.uk/blackboard-used-by-albert-einstein | title=Blackboard Used by Albert Einstein: Relic of a secular saint | publisher=History of Science Mu ...

...lain [[electrical phenomena]] in familiar mechanical terms. [[James Clerk Maxwell]] introduced analogies of this sort in the 19th century. However, as [[Net ...ypically be domain-crossing transducers. A given system being represented by an electrical analogy may conceivably have no electrical parts at all. For ...

...ergy]] in transfer between a [[thermodynamic system]] and its surroundings by modes other than [[thermodynamic work]] and transfer of matter. Such modes ...elted or by change in [[temperature]] of a body.<ref>[[James Clerk Maxwell|Maxwell, J.C.]] (1871), Chapter III.</ref> ...

In [[physics]], [[time]] is defined by its [[operational definition|measurement]]: time is what a [[clock]] reads. ...istic physics, it is a [[scalar (physics)|scalar]] quantity (often denoted by the symbol <math>t</math>) and, like [[length]], [[mass]], and [[electric c ...

...ion_Shepherd_TH.jpg|alt=|thumb|330x330px|Painting of the Royal Institution by Thomas Hosmer Shepherd circa 1838.]] ...al purpose of the Institution faded away. It became increasingly dominated by research in basic science.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Baigrie |first=Brian |titl ...

...cess=free }}</ref> but a shorter and more conceptual proof was found later by [[Elliott Lieb]] and [[Walter Thirring]] in 1975 using the [[Lieb–Thirring ...ind or thermodynamically stable when the free energy is bounded from below by a linear function of <math>N</math>. Upper bounds are usually easy to show ...

...tric and imperial systems (2019).svg|thumb|400x400px|Units in everyday use by country as of 2019]] ...e metric system, the metrication of France and much of Europe was complete by the 1850s. ...

...heavy weights off it. In fact, it was a logical demonstration described by Galileo in ''[[Two New Sciences|Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche]]'' (1 ...m, say, the papers of [[Hendrik Lorentz|Lorentz]] or [[James Clerk Maxwell|Maxwell]]. This included his use of thought experiments.<ref name=Isaacson2007/>{{r ...

...o avoid the wound components (i.e. inductors, transformers, etc.) required by passive topology. ...vide the theory for more complex filters and progress was further hampered by a general failure to understand the [[frequency domain]] nature of signals. ...