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..., debris content in the water, [[ice]] wall closure rates (governed by the ice thickness) and squeezing of fluidized sediment.<ref>van der Meer, Jaap JM, ...hen the channels are water-filled reflects their size and [[Fluid pressure|water pressure]]. He stated the equation ...

{{short description|Compression overlapping of floating ice cover in alternating overthrusts and underthrusts}} ...h others where it is the other way around. The lighter areas are where the ice thickness has doubled due to the overlapping process. This pattern is known ...

{{short description|Area of sea ice relative to the total area at a given point in the ocean}} '''Sea ice concentration''' is a useful variable for [[climatology|climate]] ...

...ver oceans than over ground by 15%–20%. By contrast, the difference in the ice particle size over land and oceans is much smaller (only 5%).<ref name = "2 *[[Liquid water content]] ...

...n to calculate the saturation [[vapour pressure of water]] over liquid and ice. It is named after its creator, O. Tetens who was an early German meteorol *[[Vapour pressure of water]] ...

...to establish an intuitive scale where 0°P represents the freezing point of water, and 100°P represents the average human body temperature. 0°P = 0°C = 32°F (freezing point of water) ...

...evel]] at the [[last glacial maximum]] due to the extensive formation of [[ice sheet]]s (which are solely freshwater), this represents a significant fract ...tion means that there is effectively a barrier to subduction of parcels of water; [[isopycnal]]s effectively do not outcrop at the surface and are parallel ...

...[[Pol-Ice 2007]] campaign included measurements over [[sea ice]] and open water from a fully polarimetric, aeroplane-mounted, L-band (1.4&nbsp;GHz) [[radio | title=L-Band Radiometry for Sea-Ice Applications ...

...=Principal component analysis of satellite passive microwave data over sea ice|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans|date=March 15, 1988|pages=2 ...<ref>{{cite journal|author=Josefino C. Comiso|date=2009|title=Enhanced Sea Ice Concentrations from Passive Microwave Data|url=https://nsidc.org/sites/nsid ...

...ge of the medium and hence an appearance of a [[phase transition]]: ice to water, liquid to crystal, buying to selling (assets), active to inactive (biology ...ain will be occupied by liquid water instead. The boundary formed from the ice/liquid interface is controlled dynamically by the solution of the PDE. ...

...e [[Barents Sea]], a shallow shelf sea north of [[Scandinavia]], where sea-ice is disappearing faster than in any other Arctic region, impacting the local ...S }}</ref> Under the Atlantic water layer is a deep layer of Arctic bottom water extending to the bottom of the ocean. ...

...] specialists, since the composition and microstructural properties of the ice affect how it reflects or absorbs sunlight. [[File:Sea ice microstructure.svg|thumb|A thin section of sea ice seen through cross-polarized light. All crystals (they have different inter ...

...melting]] 1&nbsp;kg of ice (at 0&nbsp;°C under a [[c:File:Phase diagram of water.svg|wide range of pressures]]), 333.55 kJ of energy is absorbed with no [[t ...ains constant at the freezing point while the water crystallizes. Once the water is completely frozen, its temperature continues to fall. ...

...on]], or an increase in load on the wedge due to emplacement of a sea or [[ice cap]]) change the shape of the wedge, the wedge will react by internally [[ ...(weight) of the wedge itself, the eventual load of an overlying column of water and the [[friction]]al resistance at the base of the wedge (this is the [[s ...

...[[Linus Pauling]] in 1935 to account for the [[residual entropy]] of water ice.<ref name="pauling"> |title=The Structure and Entropy of Ice and of Other Crystals with Some Randomness of Atomic Arrangement ...

...Tropical]], [[mesothermal]], [[microthermal]], [[taiga]], [[tundra]] and [[Ice cap climate|frost]].<ref name="encyclopedia" /><ref name="lotus" /> ...teua]]) describes a wet (B3), megathermal (A’) climate with a large summer water deficit (s2) and which more than 48% but less than 52% of the potential eva ...

Sea ice, on the other hand, moves and evolves quite slowly, so that | title = Following the Vapour Trail: a Study of Chaotic Mixing of Water Vapour in the Upper Troposphere ...

=== Water-ice transition === ...continues, each water molecule binds strongly to four others, forming the ice lattice, which is the emerging network. ...

...s, and has been successful explaining drug diffusion, water transport, and ice formation in tissues.<ref name="Biomed Experts">{{cite book| title=Oxygen T ...

...the boiler can be turned upside down, and the top end can be placed in ice water. The gaseous form of the liquid will condense in the cooled chamber. Since ...erman}} The Franklin tube or pulse hammer is illustrated by Fig. 2916; the water hammer is illustrated by Fig. 2917.</ref> ...