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{{Short description|Efficiency of energy transfer from one trophic level to next}} ...scribes the [[efficiency]] with which [[energy]] is transferred from one [[trophic level]] to the next. It is determined by a combination of efficiencies rela ...

...t1=Roger|title=How Species Interact: Altering the Standard View on Trophic Ecology|last2=Ginzburg|first2=Lev R.|publisher=Oxford University Press|year=2012|is ...r?|doi=10.1016/S0169-5347(00)01908-X|volume=15|issue = 8|journal=Trends in Ecology and Evolution|pages=337–341|year = 2000|last1 = Abrams|first1 = Peter A.|la ...

...or=Klaise J and Johnson S |year=2016 |title=From neurons to epidemics: How trophic coherence affects spreading processes |journal=[[Chaos (journal)|Chaos]] |v ...ng model'. The position of the nodes on the vertical axis represents their trophic level. The network on the left is maximally coherent (q=0), while the one o ...

}}</ref> They can be used to model direct competition and [[trophic network|trophic relationships]] between an arbitrary number of species. Their dynamics can ...rengths in Food Webs: Issues and Opportunities |journal= Journal of Animal Ecology|volume=73|issue=3|pages=585–598|date=2004|doi=10.1111/j.0021-8790.2004.0083 ...

...omon, M. E. "The Natural Control of Animal Populations." Journal of Animal Ecology. 19.1 (1949). 1-35</ref> It is associated with the [[functional response]], ..., L.R. 2012. ''How Species Interact: Altering the Standard View on Trophic Ecology''. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.</ref> ...

...food chains.<ref name=":6" /> Together, these application, among others in ecology, demonstrate the utility of stable isotopes as tracers of environmental pro ...o acids and ¹⁴C/¹²C-ANME cells in seafloor microbial ecology | journal = Scientific Reports | volume = 8 | issue = 1 | pages = 14070 | d ...

{{Short description|Concept in ecology}} ...area.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} Relative species [[abundance (ecology)|abundances]] tend to conform to specific patterns that are among the best- ...

...rson">Carson, Walter A. and Stefan A. Schnitzer. Tropical Forest Community Ecology. Blackwell Publishing: Hoboken, NJ, 2008.</ref><ref name="Gilbert2005">{{ci ...ed must natural enemies be to facilitate coexistence among plants?|journal=Ecology Letters|date=August 2013|volume=16|issue=8|pages=995–1003|doi=10.1111/ele.1 ...

.../linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0169534715001627 |journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution |language=en |volume=30 |issue=9 |pages=503–506 |doi=10.1016/j. ...e=2012 |title=Resilience: Easy to use but hard to define |journal=Ideas in Ecology and Evolution |volume=5 |issue=1 |doi=10.4033/iee.2012.5.11.c |issn=1918-31 ...

...in fisheries where the population is often measured in terms of [[Biomass (ecology)|biomass]]. In [[population ecology]] and [[economics]], the [[maximum sustainable yield]] or '''MSY''' is, the ...

...n many the purchaser enables development and life for other members of all trophic levels within his economic system through his purchasing power. The decisio ...lyzes current use of non-renewable and renewable resources. [[Energy flow (ecology)|Energy flow]]s and [[Efficiency of conversion]] show that food resources a ...

...stropods]], [[polychaetes]], shrimp, and crabs. It can occasionally be a [[Trophic level|tertiary consumer]].<ref name=AriopsisHill/> ...ae) in a tropical coastal ecosystem-Southern Gulf of Mexico|journal=Marine Ecology Progress Series|date=30 November 1988|volume=49|pages=215–230|doi=10.3354/m ...

...hese models can be interpreted as a quantitative description of a single [[trophic level]].<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Chase |first1=Jonathan M. |url=https://doi. ...sm |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-021-01535-8 |journal=Nature Ecology & Evolution |language=en |volume=5 |issue=10 |pages=1424–1434 |bibcode=2021 ...

...es diversity]] and stave-off [[competitive exclusion]] even among [[Guild (ecology)|similar species]] living in ecologically similar environments. Coexistence ...ity|last = Chesson|first = Peter|s2cid = 403954|journal = Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics|doi = 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.343|year = 2000|volume = ...

...://www.ecy.wa.gov/laws-rules/wac173333/p0407_cont_a.pdf|work=Department of Ecology|accessdate=6 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170209 ...vailable, it is possible to create a food web model which takes [[Food web|trophic webs]] into consideration.<ref name="Tox. II Book" /> This is especially pe ...

...methylotroph]]s, and alcoholotrophs.<ref>{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia of Ecology|vauthors=Barbera AC, Vymazal J, Maucieri C|date=2019|isbn=9780444641304|edi ...Lecoeuvre A, Ménez B, Cannat M, Chavagnac V, Gérard E | title = Microbial ecology of the newly discovered serpentinite-hosted Old City hydrothermal field (so ...

...{!}} Environmental Assessment Program {{!}} Washington State Department of Ecology|website=www.ecy.wa.gov|access-date=2017-11-04|url-status=dead|archive-url=h ...s of the Columbia river contribute up to 60 percent of nitrogen to other [[trophic level]]s.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Cederholm|first1=C. Jeff|last2=Kunze|fir ...

...012-02-01|title=Staying afloat in the sensor data deluge|journal=Trends in Ecology & Evolution|language=en|volume=27|issue=2|pages=121–129|doi=10.1016/j.tree. ...ergiadou|first10=Eva|last11=Šorf|first11=Michal|date=2019|title=Effects of trophic status, water level, and temperature on shallow lake metabolism and metabol ...

...lgae and other plant-like organisms known as [[phytoplankton]]. The second trophic level ([[primary consumer]]s) is occupied by [[zooplankton]] which feed off Habitats lead to variations in food webs. Networks of trophic interactions can also provide a lot of information about the functioning of ...

...for chemoautotrophs) and leaving as heat during the many transfers between trophic levels. However, the matter that makes up living organisms is conserved and ...|archive-date=2006-09-01 |access-date=2006-10-24}}</ref> The [[dead zone (ecology)|dead zone]] at the outlet of the [[Mississippi River]] is a consequence of ...