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=== Transparent conductors === ...displays, [[solar cells]], and [[Touchscreen|touchscreens]] require highly transparent materials with low [[sheet resistance]], ''R''_s. For a thin film ...

{{short description|Optically transparent and electrically conductive material}} ...humb| Figure 1. Cross-section of thin film polycrystalline solar cell. The transparent conducting coating contacts the n-type semiconductor to draw current.]] ...

...are made to both the n-type and p-type sides of the solar cell, and the [[electrodes]] connected to an external load. Electrons that are created on the n-type s === Transparent conducting electrodes === ...

...be and the homogeneous field inside the ion mirror are separated by highly transparent (~95%) metal grid. The grid position is then referred as the entrance (exit ...tion (oa) TOF MS. "Classical" (i.e., Mamyrin's) design includes two highly transparent conductive grids separating regions with homogeneous fields. ...

...as on flexible material. ITO allows the capacitive sensor to be up to 90% transparent (for one layer solutions, such as touch phone screens). Size and spacing of ...ive|capacitive stylus]]) alters the mutual coupling between row and column electrodes, which are scanned sequentially;<ref>e.g. U.S. Pat. No. 4,736,191</ref> and ...

...| title = Nanoscale Networked Single-Walled Carbon-Nanotube Electrodes for Transparent Flexible Nanogenerators| url = http://dchoi.khu.ac.kr/2010%2001%2012%20pape ...-dimensional configuration consisting of three main parts: the metal plate electrodes, the vertically grown piezoelectric nanostructure, and the polymer matrix, ...

...fect of Sb on the growth and photoelectrochemical response of AgIn5S8 Film Electrodes Created by Solution Growth Technique|journal=Chemical Engineering Science|d ...pectroscopic transmittance, ''T''(''λ''), applicable when the substrate is transparent. Spectroscopic reflectance of a thin film on a substrate represents the rat ...

As the pressure increases, the distance between the electrodes must decrease to achieve the same breakdown voltage. This law is proven to ...in which the microplasma is generated increases, the distance between the electrodes must decrease to maintain the same breakdown voltage. In such microhollow c ...

| listtitlestyle = background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center; ...method for modeling electrical brain stimulation with voltage and current electrodes |journal=Journal of Neural Engineering |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=0460d4 |b ...

...rption and collection efficiencies of a solar cell depend on the design of transparent conductors and active layer thickness.<ref name=kumar2017 />]] ...title=Predicting efficiency of solar cells based on transparent conducting electrodes|journal=Journal of Applied Physics|volume=121|issue=1|pages=014502|doi=10.1 ...

...e journal|doi=10.1016/j.solmat.2011.12.022|title=Polymer- and carbon-based electrodes for polymer solar cells: Toward low-cost, continuous fabrication over large ...opposite direction as in a normal device because the positive and negative electrodes are reversed. Inverted cells can utilize cathodes out of a more suitable ma ...

...7=Wilhelm|date=2013-06-01|title=Slot-die processing of lithium-ion battery electrodes—Coating window characterization|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar * [[Solid-state battery|Solid state]] and next-gen batteries, to produce electrodes, [[Solid-state electrolyte|solid electrolytes]], ion selective [[Membrane|m ...

...e Josephson junctions, the idealized difference in [[voltage]] between the electrodes is given by<ref name="Boris2004">{{cite book|title=The SQUID Handbook|edito where ''R'' is the [[Electrical resistance|resistance]] between the electrodes, ''I'' is the [[Electric current|current]], ''I''₀ is the maximu ...

...rounding obstacles limit access to the channel or pipe. Since they require electrodes to be inserted into the fluid, their use is limited to applications at temp ...flowmeters are to be developed. If the liquid and the wall of the pipe are transparent and the liquid contains tracer particles, optical measurement techniques,<r ...

...n two electrodes, in which PV properties rely heavily on the nature of the electrodes. In addition, single layer PV devices notoriously have a poor [[Fill factor ...ration of a [[photocurrent]] after illumination when he submerged platinum electrodes within an aqueous solution of either [[silver chloride]] or [[silver bromid ...

...bove the upper tolerance for most buffer layer materials. As a result, the electrodes are composed of a low curing temperature silver paste, or uncommonly<ref na ...st10=Ding |first10=Kaining |date=2021-06-01 |title=Copper metallization of electrodes for silicon heterojunction solar cells: Process, reliability and challenges ...

...ce an asymmetric diode response regardless of the work function of the two electrodes. By using layers of [[alumina|Al₂O₃]] and [[Hafnium(I * High transparency: Ideally, the top electrode layers should be transparent to allow incoming light to reach the MWCNT antennae. ...

...oposed cell was a [[p-n junction|two-junction]] pnp structure with contact electrodes attached to two opposite edges. .... 1. p-layers (2-2') diffused on three sides of a bulk n-type silicon (1). Electrodes on both edges connect the p (4) and n (3) regions to the electric circuit. ...

...|title=Perovskite solar cells with atomically coherent interlayers on SnO2 electrodes |journal=Nature|date=21 October 2021|volume=598|issue=7881|pages=444–450 |d ...g Yan|title=Efficient Semitransparent Perovskite Solar Cells with Graphene Electrodes |journal=Advanced Materials|year=2015|volume=27 |issue=24|pages=3632–3638|d ...

...) with a black [[Rotor (electric)|rotor sprocket]] and connected white and transparent gears (right). These gears control the movement of the second, minute and h ..., and the crystal plane on which the quartz is cut. The positions at which electrodes are placed can slightly change the tuning as well. If the crystal is accura ...