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...t labor cost''' is a part of wage-bill or payroll that can be specifically and consistently assigned to or associated with the manufacture of a product, a ...wald, P. F., McLaren, T. S. ''Cost Analysis and Estimating for Engineering and Management'', Prentice Hall, 2004, {{ISBN|978-0-13-142127-1}}</ref>- ...

...through [[constant of motion|integrals of motion]] in the given potential, and conversely any function of the integrals is a steady-state solution. ...ite book|last=Merritt|first=David|author-link=David Merritt|title=Dynamics and Evolution of Galactic Nuclei|date=2013|publisher=[[Princeton University Pre ...

...ed for it are 'activity sampling', 'occurrence sampling', and 'ratio delay study'.<ref name="Sheth" /> ...the observations must be taken at random times during the period of study, and the period must be representative of the types of activities performed by t ...

...m of the density in integral representation and a connection to [[Brownian motion|Brownian]] exponential functionals, came from [[Marc Yor]].<ref name="Yor"> ...which satisfy the following relationship between the [[Laplace transform]] and the [[Bessel's differential equation#Modified Bessel functions|modified Bes ...

...Engelbert<ref>{{MathGenealogy|id=29366|title=Hans-Jürgen Engelbert}}</ref> and the probabilist Wolfgang Schmidt<ref>{{MathGenealogy|id=90300|title=Wolfgan Let <math>\mathcal{F}</math> be a [[σ-algebra]] and let <math>F = (\mathcal{F}_t)_{t \ge 0}</math> be an increasing family of s ...

.... It is an extension of the [[variational Monte Carlo]] method, in which a time-dependent [[pure quantum state]] is encoded by some variational [[wave func ...optimal parameters for the evolution satisfy at each time the equation of motion ...

...l vertical [[spring-mass system]] with gravity, cf. also [[Simple harmonic motion#Mass on a spring]]}} ...different frequencies (a composite of the vibrations of a simple pendulum and a spring pendulum)]] ...

...d out by [[Ernest Courant]], [[M. Stanley Livingston|Milton S.Livingston]] and [[Hartland Snyder]] that lead to the revolution in high energy accelerators ...r linearization of all the fields one will come to the linear equations of motion which are a pair of [[Hill differential equation|Hill equations]]:<ref name ...

...[[pseudospectral optimal control]] theory.<ref name = "ross-2">Ross, I. M. and Karpenko, M. "A Review of Pseudospectral Optimal Control: From Theory to F ...aturally<ref name ="clarke-1">Clarke, F. H., Ledyaev, Y. S., Stern, R. J., and Wolenski, P. R., ...

...R. |date=2002 |title=What is the General Form of the Explicit Equations of Motion for Constrained Mechanical Systems? |journal=Journal of Applied Mechanics | The Udwadia–Kalaba equation was developed in 1992 and describes the motion of a constrained mechanical system that is subjected to equality constraint ...

...d | first = Abraham | title = Sequential analysis | publisher = John Wiley and Sons | edition = 1st | date = 1945}}</ref> Wald's martingale can be seen as discrete-time equivalent of the [[Doléans-Dade exponential]]. ...

...is the rich phenomenology associated to this field. [[Collective motion]] and [[Swarm behaviour|swarming]] are among the most studied phenomena. Within t ...their neighbours' one in presence of noise. Such a model shows collective motion at high density of particles or low noise on the alignment. ...

...f the [[Paris Observatory]]. He received the [[CNRS Silver Medal]] in 1994 and the [[Milutin Milankovic Medal]] in 2019. Since 2003, he is a member of the == Education and early teaching career == ...

{{short description|Collection of matter whose mass varies with time}} ...mass entering or leaving the system. The general equation of variable-mass motion is written as ...

...s, with one walk starting from each point of the integer lattice Z at each time. == History and Basic Description == ...

...ne sources bounded by conical surfaces. The Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics, 73(1), 24-35.</ref> however, was never applied to flow ...and <math>f'(\xi)</math> (blue lines) for various values of <math>K</math> and <math>\xi_w=0</math> (<math>\alpha=\pi/2</math>). Dashed lines correspond t ...

...rbolas.svg|thumb|right|The unit hyperbola is blue, its conjugate is green, and the asymptotes are red.]] ...that satisfy the [[implicit equation]] <math>x^2 - y^2 = 1 .</math> In the study of [[indefinite orthogonal group]]s, the unit hyperbola forms the basis for ...

...astic analysis (the extension of [[calculus]] to [[stochastic process]]es) and of [[differential geometry]]. ...ethod of characteristics|characteristic curves]] of the operator, Brownian motion can be seen as a stochastic counterpart of a flow to a second-order partial ...

...cs]]. It shares many features with the subjects of [[quantum decoherence]] and [[quantum theory of measurement]]. ...both systems are coupled depends on the details of the microscopic model, and hence, the description of the bath. To include an irreversible flow of ener ...

...he [[gyroradius]] and frequencies much lower than the particle [[Cyclotron motion|cyclotron frequencies]].<ref>X. Garbet, M. Lesur. Gyrokinetics. hal-0397498 ...l, 2 velocity, and time) rather than the seven (3 spatial, 3 velocity, and time). Because of this simplification, gyrokinetics governs the evolution of cha ...