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...ion pathways of the excitation, this measurement is performed at different time delays. .../><ref>{{Citation|last1=Fauster|first1=Th.|title=Two-photon photoemission spectroscopy of image states|date=1995-01-01|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/ar ...

'''Transient grating spectroscopy''' is an [[Optics|optical]] technique used to measure [[quasiparticle]] pro ...ich creates an interference pattern on the sample,<ref>''Transient Grating Spectroscopy'' Hoffman Group, University of Oxford, https://hofmanngroup.org/research/tr ...

...with the internal [[electronic structure]], by analyzing the photoelectron spectroscopy one can realize the fundamental physical and chemical properties of the mat ...sensitivity, an alternative photon source for angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy is desirable. ...

...on [[GRENOUILLE]] can only measure one unknown ultrashort laser pulse at a time. Another version of FROG, called cross-correlation FROG (XFROG), also measu ...lve using two potentially different input laser pulses, for example, Raman spectroscopy, two-color pump-probe experiments, and non-degenerate four-wave mixing. In ...

{{Short description|Generalization of laser spectroscopy in quantum optics}} '''Quantum-optical spectroscopy'''<ref name="KiraKoch2006">Kira, M.; Koch, S. (2006). ...

...(ARPES), [[X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy]] (XPS) and [[Auger electron spectroscopy]] (AES)<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Roy|first1=D.|last2=Tremblay|first2=D.|dat ...lyzer applied to multichannel energy detection|journal=Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena|year=1985|volume=36|issue=3|pages=227|doi=10.1016/036 ...

...pproach, employing a [[Monte Carlo integration]] of the wavepacket overlap time evolution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|authorlink2=Mario Barbatti| vauthor Consider an ensemble of molecules [[Absorption spectroscopy|absorbing radiation in the UV/vis]]. Initially, all molecules are in the gr ...

...5=Cubeddu|first5=Rinaldo|date=2003|title=In vivo absorption and scattering spectroscopy of biological tissues|journal=Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences|volu ...oton arrival times are converted into the histogram of the distribution of time-of-flight (DTOF) of photons or temporal point spread function. This DTOF is ...

{{short description|Surface-sensitive spectroscopy technique}} ...nformation complementary to [[Infrared spectroscopy|infrared]] and [[Raman spectroscopy]].<ref name="shen">Shen, Y.R.;"Surface properties probed by 2nd harmonic an ...

[[File:strychnine_ecosy.png|thumb|262px|right|250 MHz [[Exclusive correlation spectroscopy|ECOSY]] NMR spectrum of [[strychnine]] alkaloid simulated using ''Spinach'' ...the [[density matrix]] <math>\mathbf{\rho }\left( t \right)</math> in the time domain:<ref name="first_paper" /> ...

...macro-sized polysilicon grains on wafers using spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy|journal=Scripta Materialia|language=en|volume=140|pages=67–70|doi=10.1016/j | image1 = SRAS time-domain signal.png ...

'''Time resolved microwave conductivity''' ('''TRMC''') is an experimental technique used to ...Microwave Conductivity System.png|thumb|Schematic diagram of example time resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) system. Red arrows denote the direction of mi ...

===Spectroscopy=== Different [[spectroscopy]] methods make use of or can measure band bending: ...

...denosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP): A time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS) study|journal=Inorganica Chimica Acta|volume=358|issue=7|page=2275| ...|first5=S.|last6=Bernhard|first6=G.|title=Time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy study on the interaction of curium(III) with Desulfovibrio äspöensis DSM 10 ...

...chnique]], which is used to detect transient fluorescence with a very high time-resolution. More recently, the term has been used to describe the sequentia ...ontrollable time-delay. The most striking characteristic of FU is that the time resolution is only limited by the laser pulse duration, which today easily ...

...se]], vibronic transitions are also accompanied by changes in [[rotational spectroscopy|rotational]] energy. ...ollas, p. 211.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Parsons|first=M. L. |title=Flame Spectroscopy : Atlas of Spectral Lines|date=1971|publisher=Springer|isbn=9780306651564}} ...

...0128098943 }}</ref> Experimentally, it uses [[angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy]] (ARPES) to obtain constant binding energy [[photoemission]] angular distr ...ibelman |first1=Peter J. |last2=Eastman |first2=D. E. |title=Photoemission spectroscopy—Correspondence between quantum theory and experimental phenomenology |journ ...

...ourt |first2=A |last3=Viénot |first3=J Ch |title=Time impulse response and time frequency response of optical pupils.:Experimental confirmations and applic ...e the electric fields of the unknown and reference pulse respectively, the time delay can be expressed as a phase factor <math> e^{-i\omega \tau} </math> f ...

...]] of the [[complex logarithm]]. The ambiguity regarding its result can be resolved by taking the [[Group delay and phase delay|group delay]] into account.<ref * [[Fourier-transform spectroscopy]] ...

...338}}</ref> which explained peaks observed in early [[Electron energy loss spectroscopy|electron energy-loss spectra]] of solids.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Pines |f ...f high-resolution [[Electron energy loss spectroscopy|electron energy-loss spectroscopy]]. ...