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...eaction|extents of reaction]] are allowed, but [[thermodynamic equilibrium|thermodynamic equilibrium proper]] is not required.<ref>1. Fishtik, I.; Nagypál, I.; Gutm ...

{{short description|Field of chemistry which studies rates of electrochemical processes}} ...vestigation into electrochemical [[reaction mechanism]]s. Two accompanying processes are involved in the electrochemical reaction and influence the overall reac ...

{{Short description|Relation between thermodynamic states}} ...' determines if one [[Thermodynamic equilibrium|equilibrium state]] of a [[Thermodynamic system|system]] can transition to another solely through an [[adiabatic pro ...

...lism developed in 2007 by Hernando Quevedo to describe the properties of [[thermodynamic]] systems in terms of concepts of differential geometry.<ref name=quev07>{{ ...d others, whose components are calculated as the Hessian of a particular [[thermodynamic potential]]. ...

...94–98.</ref><ref name="LoC2">Vutthivithayarak, E.M. Braun, and F.K. Lu. On thermodynamic cycles for detonation engines. 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves, ...>Parvel V. Bulat and Konstantine N.Volkov. Detonation Jet Engine. Part 1 – Thermodynamic Cycle, 2016. VOL. 11, NO. 12, 5009-5019</ref><ref name="LoC6">Eric Wintenbe ...

{{short description|Extensive parameter used to describe a thermodynamic system's state}} {{Thermodynamics|cTopic=[[List of thermodynamic properties|System properties]]}} ...

...d substrates, which an enzyme converts into products. Almost all metabolic processes in the cell need enzyme catalysis in order to occur at rates fast enough to ...when developing computer models of [[Biochemical systems equation|cellular processes]] involving enzymes. ...

...scuss more advanced topics such as [[critical phenomena]] and irreversible processes. ...thematical physics)|statistical ensembles]] are discussed from which the [[Thermodynamic potential|thermodynamics potentials]] are derived. [[Quantum fluid]]s and [ ...

...es for a system that is initially and finally in its own internal state of thermodynamic equilibrium, with no flow. This is feasible also under some restrictions, i ...[enthalpy]], {{math|''H'' {{=}} ''U'' + ''PV''}}, permits us to use this [[thermodynamic potential]] to account jointly for internal energy {{math|''U''}} and {{mat ...

{{short description|Thermodynamic property of seawater that represents the heat content}} ...national thermodynamic equation of seawater – 2010: Calculation and use of thermodynamic properties |year=2010 |publisher=Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission ...

...ted.ucar.edu/tropical/textbook/ch6/moistprecip_6_2_3.html |title=Adiabatic Processes and Vertical Distribution of Moisture |work=Introduction to Tropical Meteor where C_p is the [[specific heat]] at constant pressure, T is the [[Thermodynamic temperature|absolute air temperature]], g is the [[Earth's gravity|gravitat ...

...ethod of thermodynamic optimization of finite-size systems and finite-time processes|date=1996|publisher=CRC Press|isbn=0-8493-9651-4|location=Boca Raton|oclc=3 The Gouy-Stodola theorem is often applied upon an open thermodynamic system, which can exchange heat with some [[Thermal reservoir|thermal reser ...

{{short description|Type of thermodynamic fluid effect}} A '''thermogravitational cycle''' is a reversible [[thermodynamic cycle]] using the gravitational [[Work (physics)|works]] of [[weight]] and ...

{{About|the purpose of thermodynamic modelling and the relevant procedure |the details of different models|Equat ...perties|thermodynamic properties]] of the system are specified. Generally, thermodynamic models are mathematical relations that relate different state properties to ...

...cular-resolution elucidation of the mechanisms underlying various physical processes.<ref name="Newman1994">{{cite journal|last=Newman|first=KE|title=Kirkwood–B ...erse-KB) theory, due to [[Arieh Ben-Naim]], derives molecular details from thermodynamic (bulk) measurements. This advancement allows the use of the KB formalism to ...

...ents for [[thermodynamic equilibrium]], but it can occur in the absence of thermodynamic equilibrium. There are various types of radiative equilibrium, which is its ...lakiston's Son and Co., Philadelphia, 1914.</ref> refers to a condition of thermodynamic equilibrium, in which "any two bodies or elements of bodies selected at ran ...

...Historically, thermodynamics developed out of the desire to increase the [[thermodynamic efficiency|efficiency]] of early [[steam engine]]s.<ref>{{cite book |last=C ...f state]]. Properties can be combined to express [[internal energy]] and [[thermodynamic potential]]s, which are useful for determining conditions for [[Dynamic equ ...

...ate of living cells, specifically monitoring and characterizing biological processes in real time using [[DNA transcription|transcriptional]] data. ...ems]], particularly of small systems, that are not seemingly applicable to thermodynamic reasoning.<ref name="Levine2005">{{cite book|last=Levine |first=Raphael D. ...

...ngle phase system.<ref name="PPD12"/> Inside it, only processes far from [[thermodynamic equilibrium]], such as [[physical vapor deposition]], will enable one to pr For binary solutions, the thermodynamic criterion which defines the spinodal curve is that the second derivative of ...

...t3=Sadao |date= 1957 |title= Statistical-Mechanical Theory of Irreversible Processes. II. Response to Thermal Disturbance |journal= J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. |volume= where <math>\beta=1/k_{\rm B}T</math> is the [[thermodynamic beta]], <math>\hat{\rho}_0 </math> is density operator, given by ...