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== Thermodynamic relation across normal shocks == === Entropy change === ...

...2. ''Thermodynamics and molecular physics''. 2005</ref> as both specific [[entropy]] and [[specific volume]] do not change in second-order phase transitions. ...ee energy]] – in second-order phase transitions. If one considers specific entropy <math>s</math> as a function of [[temperature]] and [[pressure]], then its ...

...e rubber band experiment is often used as a simple example when explaining entropy and energy in high school physics classes. .../chem/facilserv/lecturedemo/EntropyofRubber-UWDept.ofChemistry.html |title=Entropy of a Rubber Band |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= <!--Not stated-->|website ...

{{Short description|Relation between thermodynamic states}} ...' determines if one [[Thermodynamic equilibrium|equilibrium state]] of a [[Thermodynamic system|system]] can transition to another solely through an [[adiabatic pro ...

[[File:Thermodynamic square.svg|thumb|The thermodynamic square with potentials highlighted in red.<br /> S = [[Entropy]]<br /> ...

In [[astrophysics]], what is referred to as "[[entropy]]" is actually the [[adiabatic invariant|adiabatic constant]] derived as fo ...units of [keV⋅cm²]. This quantity relates to the thermodynamic entropy as ...

{{Short description|Chart describing internal energy of thermodynamic systems}} [[File:HS-Wasserdampf engl.png|thumb|The Mollier enthalpy–entropy diagram for water and steam. The "dryness fraction", ''x'', gives the fract ...

== Thermodynamic properties == <!-- KEEP this header, it is linked to from the infobox on th | [[Standard entropy change of fusion|Std entropy change<br/>of fusion]], Δ_fus''S''^<s>o</s> ...

at constant temperature and pressure, the thermodynamic voltage (minimum voltage required to drive the reaction) is given by the [[ ...s the [[Gibbs energy]] and ''F'' is the [[Faraday constant]]. The standard thermodynamic voltage (i.e. at standard temperature and pressure) is given by: ...

...ity ratio|ratio of specific heat capacities]] remains the same since the [[thermodynamic system]] size-dependent quantities, whether on a per mass or per mole basis ...ersible]] way then, according to the [[second law of thermodynamics]], the entropy change of the system is given by: ...

{{Thermodynamics sidebar|cTopic=[[Thermodynamic system|Systems]]}} ...romagnet to paramagnet [[phase transition]]. It is also possible to derive thermodynamic quantities in a generalized form for an arbitrary magnetic system using the ...

where <math>X</math> is some [[List of thermodynamic properties|thermodynamic property]] at given temperature, volume and mole numbers, <math>X^{id}</mat ...cess property|excess properties]], which are defined as the deviation of a thermodynamic property from some reference system, that is typically not an ideal gas sys ...

...|fireball]] for [[high-energy particle]] collisions, while using [[Tsallis entropy|Tsallis non-extensive thermodynamics]].<ref name=depp1/> Fireballs lead to ==Non-extensive entropy for ideal quantum gas== ...

==Thermodynamic and kinetic effects== ...reaction has favorable [[enthalpy]] and the AB⁺ has favorable [[entropy]]. ...

...uent alteration of the interactions between molecules) that results in the thermodynamic properties of a mixture changing as its composition is altered. ...e substance) and properties of mixing (such as the [[heat of mixing]] or [[entropy of mixing]]). By definition, properties of mixing are related to those of t ...

{{Short description|Sculpture of a substance's thermodynamic properties}} ...enclose a rough sketch of the lines on Gibbs' surface, co-ordinates Volume Entropy Energy in an imaginary substance in which the principal features of known s ...

where <math>\Delta S_p</math> is the change of [[entropy]] during polymerization. The change of [[enthalpy]] during polymerization, ...merization to occur. At the ceiling temperature, the enthalpy term and the entropy term are equal, so that the rates of polymerization and depolymerization be ...

{{Short description|Thermodynamic law expression}} == Clausius–Duhem inequality in terms of the specific entropy == ...

...upon this foundation to discuss reversible processes, [[heat engine]]s, [[Thermodynamic potential|thermodynamics potentials]], [[Maxwell relations|Maxwell's relati ...thematical physics)|statistical ensembles]] are discussed from which the [[Thermodynamic potential|thermodynamics potentials]] are derived. [[Quantum fluid]]s and [ ...

[[Thermodynamic variable]]s, such as pressure, temperature, or [[entropy]], likewise undergo thermal fluctuations. For example, for a system that ha ...given macroscopic state. It is this quantity that Planck referred to as a 'thermodynamic' probability. It differs from a classical probability inasmuch as it cannot ...