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...Chemical Equilibrium''': The gas is assumed to be in [[Thermal equilibrium|thermal]] and [[chemical equilibrium]], meaning the energy modes (translational, ro ...encountered during atmospheric entry and for designing appropriate thermal protection measures. ...

{{Short description|Solar thermal collector systems}} ...ating temperature]]. Various measures are taken for '''optical overheating protection'''. ...

...a) + \frac{1}{2\alpha}\eta f'(\eta) = 0</math>If a simple model of thermal protection system sizing is assumed, where decomposition, [[pyrolysis]] gas flow, and ...

The MKER-1000 has a thermal power output of 3000 [[MWth]] and an electrical output of 1,068 MW. There a ...ve material into the atmosphere can withstand internal pressures of 2 bar. Protection from external damage is provided by an outer concrete wall. The two structu ...

...iDAR, [[Radar]] and [[Sonar]]. Examples of passive sensors are cameras and thermal sensors.<ref name=":2">{{Cite journal |last1=Yasin |first1=Jawad N |last2=M ...y visual or infrared cameras. Visual cameras operate in visible light, and thermal cameras operate in infrared light (wavelength of 700 [[nanometre]]s to 14 [ ...

...st1=Frosch |first1=C. J. |last2=Derick |first2=L |date=1957 |title=Surface Protection and Selective Masking during Diffusion in Silicon |url=https://iopscience.i ...al Society]] |isbn=978-1566771931 |page=183 |chapter=Highlights Of Silicon Thermal Oxidation Technology |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cr8FPGk ...

...provincial) [[United States Environmental Protection Agency|environmental protection]] and [[United States Occupational Safety and Health Administration|occupat Many environmental protection agencies have issued regulations that limit the concentration of pollutants ...

...ogy|headspace]] analysis is described by the [[United States Environmental Protection Agency]] (USEPA). Originally developed by the R.S. Kerr USEPA Laboratory in ...ed. Individual components (gases) are separated and detected by either a [[thermal conductivity detector]] (TCD), a [[flame ionization detector]] (FID), or an ...

...n Handbook |publisher=[[National Fire Protection Association|National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)]] |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-87765-758-3 |editor-last=Cote | ...evant to Boilover: Heat Balance Integral Solutions and Analysis |journal=[[Thermal Science]] |volume=11 |issue=2 |pages=141–160 |arxiv=1012.2534 |doi=10.2298/ ...

...ng (AC), refrigeration systems, and potentially other applications such as thermal insulating foam. It is calculated as the sum of ''direct'', ''indirect, and ...irchild|first2=Patrick|last3=Hughes|first3=Phil|publisher=US Environmental Protection Agency|year=1991|location=Washington, DC}}</ref> and Life Cycle Warming Imp ...

...ay_Protection__the_Swedish_ABB_Relay_History.pdf|title= 100 years of relay protection, the Swedish ABB relay history|access-date= 30 December 2015|publisher= ABB ...ld. Important transmission lines and generators have cubicles dedicated to protection, with many individual electromechanical devices, or one or two microprocess ...

...x_definitions&dts=mcs |work=energystar.gov |publisher=[[U.S. Environmental Protection Agency]] |accessdate=26 March 2013 |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web ...accessdate=26 March 2013}}</ref> Generally, the EF number represents the [[thermal efficiency]] of the water heater as a percentage, since it is an average of ...

...be caused by wind, ice, excess sag due to [[Creep (deformation)|creep]] or thermal expansion due to sustained heavy loading, or by contact with animals or obj ...rned.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web |last=Department of Consumer and Employment Protection Government of Western Australia |date=2005-05-20 |title=ELECTRICAL INCIDENT ...

...e needs of [[Space Race|aerospace programs]]. Among the various methods of thermal plasma generation, induction plasma (or [[inductively coupled plasma]]) tak ...andidate material will possess good [[thermal conductivity]] and excellent thermal shock resistance. For the time being, silicon nitride (Si₃N<sub> ...

...mal control widow coatings, [[optical filter]]s, total reflectors, poultry protection and warming coatings, [[Light-emitting diode|light emitting diodes]], [[sol ...

...endent set of field instrumentation (for example infrared radiometers or [[thermal camera]]s, vapor sensors, acoustic microphones or fiber-optic cables) to mo ...ting an oil leak from a valve at 50 feet and 150 feet in heavy rain.|thumb|Thermal camera system with video analysis software detecting an oil leak from a val ...

...MA |author2=T Benezech |author3=F Chopard |author4=M Berthou | title = Thermal Performance of a Flat Ohmic Cell Under Non-fouling and Whey Protein Fouling ...es such as stainless steel. A biofilm's enclosing polymeric matrix offers protection to its microbes, increasing their resistance to detergents and cleaning age ...

...rst4=K. B. | title=Relaxation dynamics of the toric code in contact with a thermal reservoir: Finite-size scaling in a low-temperature regime | journal=Physic ...math>, but since arbitrary increases of this coupling are unrealistic, the protection given by the Hamiltonian still has its limits. ...

...the transmission or distribution system as well as the power quality".<ref>Thermal Working Group .(2004). Ancillary Services Unbundling Electricity Products – * system protection ...

...] steel developed by [[Carnegie Steel]] in 1910 and commonly used for deck protection, with modifications in carbon and nickel and the addition of [[molybdenum]] ...ldment will be directly related to the composition of the material and the thermal cycle(s) it has endured, which will vary across the base material, Heat Aff ...