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...predation has been the subject of much controversy, especially between the biologists [[Lev R. Ginzburg]] and Peter A. Abrams.<ref name=":1">{{cite journal|title ...

...mith, P.E.|title=Recent Applications of Kirkwood–Buff Theory to Biological Systems|journal=Cell Biochem Biophys|year=2008|volume=50|issue=1|pages=1–22|doi=10. ...

...ss principles can help understanding of the stability and risks of banking systems.<ref name="Haldane2011">{{cite journal |last1=Haldane |first1=A. G. |last2= ...=Lynch |first3=V. E. |last4=Newman |first4=D. E. |year=2007 |title=Complex systems analysis of series of blackouts: Cascading failure, critical points, and se ...

...le when measuring short-term changes in [[photosynthesis]] in gas exchange systems, but falls short when the light climate for plant growth has to be characte ...

|title= Stochastic and Spatial Structures of Dynamical Systems, Proceedings of the Royal Dutch Academy of Science (KNAW Verhandelingen) ...gmentation, resource exploitation, etc., poses a challenge to conservation biologists and agencies working to sustain the ecosystem services. Hence, there is a c ...

...mmittee (1999–2003), and helped to build an interdisciplinary community of biologists and computer scientists working together on genomics problems. Finally, in ...) was published in 2019. ''Integer Linear Programming in Computational and Systems Biology: An Entry-Level Text and Course'' (Cambridge University Press, 2019 ...

...et subterranean microhabitats. They are generally found along the drainage systems of caves.<ref name=Weigand/> ...

...}</math>If network flow is [[Laminar flow|smooth]] and [[leak]]-free, then systems that obey Murray's law minimize the resistance to flow through the network. Murray's law is observed in the [[Blood vessel|vascular]] and [[respiratory systems]] of animals, [[xylem]] in plants, and the respiratory system of insects. ...

...ome animals seem to use Rayleigh waves to communicate. In particular, some biologists theorize that [[elephant]]s may use vocalizations to generate Rayleigh wave ...is time, evidence for this is mostly anecdotal. Other animal early warning systems may rely on an ability to sense [[infrasound|infrasonic]] waves traveling t ...

...uencing theory is based on elements of [[mathematics]], [[biology]], and [[systems engineering]], so it is highly interdisciplinary. The subject may be studie Biologists have developed methods to filter highly-repetitive, essentially un-sequence ...

...ons ([[mutualism (biology)|mutualism]] and [[altruism]]) seen in microbial systems, as well as the benefits that might have driven the evolution of these comp ...ll outline the various forms of cooperative interactions seen in microbial systems, as well as the benefits that might have driven the evolution of these comp ...

...e/article/pii/B9780123706102500167 |work=Transport Phenomena in Multiphase Systems |pages=853–949 |editor-last=Faghri |editor-first=Amir |access-date=2023-07- ...AB2ADFEF0B97F2AEB112AA6F3A7862 |title=Van der Waals Forces: A Handbook for Biologists, Chemists, Engineers, and Physicists |date=2005 |publisher=Cambridge Univer ...

...tion of biochemical systems with molecular finite automata | journal = IET Systems Biology | volume = 4 | issue = 6 | pages = 453–66 | date = November 2010 | ...le = Fast Monte Carlo Simulation Methods for Biological Reaction-Diffusion Systems in Solution and on Surfaces | display-authors = 6 | journal = SIAM Journal ...

...or his work on [[dissipative system|dissipative structures]] and [[complex systems]] (1977 [[Nobel Prize for Chemistry]]), economists [[Simon Kuznets]] (1971 ...ta theory]], [[information theory]], [[theory of algorithms]], [[dynamical systems]], [[stochastic processes]], [[Integral|theory of integration]], [[classica ...

...tation and the issue of bycatch. Among [[Conservation biology|conservation biologists]] it is widely regarded as dangerous and misused.<ref name=Epitaph>{{cite j ...equation]]s used to describe the dynamics of [[Systems biology|biological systems]] in which two species interact, one a predator and one its prey. They were ...

...Signatures Database (MSigDB) hallmark gene set collection | journal = Cell Systems | volume = 1 | issue = 6 | pages = 417–425 | date = December 2015 | pmid = ...alize the results.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ma'ayan Laboratory - Computational Systems Biology - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai|url=http://labs.icahn.mss ...

...>H. G. Othmer, S. R. Dunbar, and W. Alt. Models of dispersal in biological systems. ''Journal of mathematical biology'', 26(3):263–298, 1988.</ref> [[ecology] ...f name="Kleinrock1976">{{cite book|author=Leonard Kleinrock|title=Queueing Systems: Theory|url=https://archive.org/details/queueingsystems01klei|url-access=re ...

==Biologists and paleontologists== {{main|Russian biologists}} ...

...individual phenotypes, arising from the inherent properties of developing systems, constitutes a powerful source of causation in evolutionary change" (p.&nbs ...08149 | bibcode=1984Pbio...10..146V | s2cid=86346683 |quote="Developmental biologists variously stress: (1) how indirect any genetic control is during certain st ...

...siderations also apply to coastal, lake, and [[Marine ecosystem|marine eco-systems]]. ...oke |first5=Steven J. |date=2012-07-30 |title=Fish stranding in freshwater systems: Sources, consequences, and mitigation |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/s ...