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{{Infobox spacecraft instrument | Began = <!--date operations began (single instruments only)--> ...

...b|right|Helium vector magnetometer of [[Pioneer 10]] and [[Pioneer 11|11]] spacecraft]] ...lows the magnetometer to make observations with less interference from the spacecraft itself]] ...

== Relevance to spacecraft propulsion == ...river for generating rotating magnetic fields|journal=Review of Scientific Instruments|language=en|volume=71|issue=8|pages=3210–3213|doi=10.1063/1.1304873|bibcode ...

| instruments = [[Category:Spacecraft launched in 2017]] ...

...t attitude control''' is the process of controlling the orientation of a [[spacecraft]] (vehicle or satellite) with respect to an [[inertial frame of reference]] Before and during attitude control can be performed, '''spacecraft attitude determination''' must be performed, which requires [[sensor]]s for ...

[[File:Helios Dust1.jpg|thumb|Schematic view of the Helios spacecraft with the three photometers (P15, P30, and P90) of the Zodiacal light instru ...to the sensitive detector surface and characterized their composition. The instruments delivered radial profiles of their measured data. Comet or meteoroid stream ...

{{Infobox spacecraft instrument | Webpage = {{url|https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/mission/instruments/moxie/}} ...

...essibility|compressible]], but could nevertheless be observed with imaging instruments as periodic standing or propagating displacements of coronal structures, e. ...contrast with kink modes, torsional modes cannot be observed with imaging instruments, as they do not cause the displacement of either the structure axis or its ...

...|url=https://saemobilus.sae.org/papers/a-simplified-orbit-analysis-program-spacecraft-thermal-design-972540 |journal=Journal of Aerospace |series=SAE Technical P ...Beta angle can be controlled to keep a satellite as cool as possible (for instruments that require low temperatures, such as infrared cameras) by keeping the bet ...

...Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station]].<ref name="bicep_caltech" /> All three instruments have mapped the same part of the sky, around the [[south celestial pole]].< The institutions involved in the various instruments are [[Caltech]], [[Cardiff University]], [[University of Chicago]], [[Harva ...

...rl = https://web.archive.org/web/20100527144930/http://saturn.jpl.nasa.gov/spacecraft/safety/rhu.pdf|archive-date = May 27, 2010}}</ref> ...ological risk upon entering the human body (e.g. in the design of American spacecraft, plutonium dioxide exists in ceramic form to prevent inhalation or ingestio ...

...require new instruments. The proposed ''[[Whipple (spacecraft)|Whipple]]'' spacecraft mission is designed to determine the outer limit of the Kuiper belt and dir ...

...approach of the comet, allow for impacts on Mars, its moons, and orbiting spacecraft. Dust particles ejected from the nucleus of the comet, at more than double ...t.<ref name="NS-20131206" /> Studies in 2014 showed the threat to orbiting spacecraft to be minimal.<ref name="CIOC140802" /> The greatest threat would be about ...

...Ages and Cosmic Dawn remain beyond the observational reach of contemporary instruments.<ref name=nasadare/> The mission’s scientific apparatus, affixed to an RF-quiet spacecraft bus, comprises a three-part radiometer system featuring an electrically sho ...

...Optical Telescope|NOT]]/ALFOSC, [[Gran Telescopio Canarias|GTC]]/multiple instruments and [[Calar Alto Observatory|Calar Alto]]/Omega2000.<ref name="Lodieu et al ...sdT (or H/Z-dwarfs) might be discovered in the future with ESA's [[Euclid (spacecraft)|Euclid]] and the [[Vera C. Rubin Observatory|Rubin Observatory]].<ref name ...

...lar System]], as well as the potential hazards posed by these particles to spacecraft and other space-borne assets. The measurement of space dust requires the us Even sub-millimeter sized meteoroids hitting spacecraft at speeds around 300&nbsp;m/s (much faster than [[Muzzle velocity|bullets]] ...

...yond the [[Local Group]], Cepheids were too faint to observe with Hubble's instruments, so Hubble used the brightest stars as distance indicators. Many of Hubble' ...389510}}</ref> Secondly, measurements of [[parallax]] by the [[Hipparcos]] spacecraft in 1995 revised globular cluster distances upwards by 5-10 percent;<ref>{{c ...

...sensor and the imaged surface. Remote sensing satellites often carry other instruments which keep track of their location and measure atmospheric conditions. ...a SAR altimiter, multispectral spectrometer a radiometer and several other instruments on multiple satellites with alternating orbits providing exceptional tempor ...

...'''Alfvén radius'''. In 2018, the [[Parker Solar Probe]] became the first spacecraft that crossed Alfvén surface of the [[Sun]]. ...asured the solar wind plasma environment with its [[FIELDS]] and [[SWEAP]] instruments.<ref name=NASA/> This event was described by NASA as "touching the Sun".<re ...

...uch as [[ship]]s, [[aircraft]], [[submarine]]s, [[guided missile]]s, and [[spacecraft]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/e-1344.htm |title=NASA. ...ons including the navigation of aircraft, tactical and strategic missiles, spacecraft, submarines and ships. It is also embedded in some mobile phones for purpos ...