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...s" of a molecule. [[Druglikeness]] referiss to the likelihood that a small molecule possesses favorable properties that make it suitable for development as a d ...integrates a variety of molecular properties that are known to influence a molecule's suitability as a drug candidate, including: ...

...role in ''de novo'' purine biosynthesis makes it a target for anti-cancer drugs<ref name="pmid23869564">{{cite journal | vauthors = Connelly S, DeMartino J ...s inhibition by small molecules has led to the discovery of antineoplastic drugs. The folate-binding loop has been shown to change conformation depending on ...

...rough the capillary lining. The blood brain barrier restricts diffusion to small hydrophobic molecules, making drug diffusion difficult to achieve. ...inuous capillaries the endothelial cells are tightly spaced, allowing only small molecules like ions or water to diffuse through the intercellular clefts (t ...

'''Forced diffusion''' refers to the movement of particles, ions, or [[molecule]]s through a medium, driven by external forces rather than concentration gr In practice, these methods discretize the system into small elements or time steps, and the equations are solved iteratively to track h ...

...f surface area with which to contact the surface and thus do not desorb as small molecules are likely to do. This means that adsorbed layers of polyelectro ...humb|300px|right|Representation of the effect of salt on a polyelectrolyte molecule in solution. Also, good solvents produce effects on polymers similar to the ...

...al cavity by inhalation. The principles of initial [[adsorption]] of small molecule adsorbates can be described by [[DLVO theory]].<ref name=smart /> ...tive and repulsive forces. This theory can be applied to the adsorption of small molecules like mucoadhesive polymers, on surfaces, like mucus layers. Parti ...

...membrane]]. The large surface area also has a large affinity for drugs and small molecules, like ligands or antibodies, for targeting and controlled release ...bib.nih.gov/science-education/science-topics/drug-delivery-systems-getting-drugs-their-targets-controlled-manner.</ref> ...

...ite its simplicity, has found widespread use. This is due in large part to small increases in accuracy provided by the use of more complicated methods, and ...kinetic approach is that it treats the gel as essentially one giant, rigid molecule, and cannot actively simulate characteristic structures of gels such as ela ...

...ocedure, which relies on the binding of [[ligand (biochemistry)|ligand]] [[molecule]]s to [[receptor (biochemistry)|receptors]], [[antibody|antibodies]] or oth ...ter]]s, [[pharmacologist]]s utilize assays in order to create [[medication|drugs]] that are selective, or mimic, the endogenously found cellular components. ...

...ot stated--> |date=12 March 2020 |publisher=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction |access-date=31 August 2020 |archive-date=17 November 20 ...blications/2273/TDXD16022ENC_4.pdf |website=European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction |pages=1–82 |date=2016 |isbn=978-92-9168-856-2 |location ...

...d [[biochemistry|biological chemist]]s studying the relationship between a molecule's [[chemical structure]] and ways that it [[chemical reactivity|reacts]], f ...iastereomer]]s) needed in the construction of complex natural products and drugs. ...

...ime become permeated with tiny seed crystals. It is believed that seeds as small as a few million molecules (about <math>10^{-15}</math> grams) is sufficien ...lawsuit that hinged on such a pair of polymorphs, and multiple life-saving drugs, such as [[ritonavir]], have been recalled due to unexpected polymorphism.< ...

...hort-circuiting fluid within the reactor would appear in an RTD curve as a small pulse of concentrated tracer that reaches the outlet shortly after injectio This method required the introduction of a very small volume of concentrated tracer at the inlet of the reactor, such that it app ...

...r purification|purifying]] water or metal deposits.<ref name=":0" /> Their small size allows them to move quickly through substances, like water or blood, e ...]al shape, which allows them to have a cavity inside which can fit other [[molecule]]s. This useful structure allows them to act as drug carriers in the body, ...

...causes atoms to sputter from the sample surface, and of these atoms only a small amount will undergo ionization. These become secondary ions, which are then ...to low detection limit, two iodine atoms of ¹²⁷I in amiodarone molecule enables a label-free imaging by NanoSIMS. Iodine and phosphorus imaging alo ...

...rent membranes. These membranes can also filter out particles that are too small for conventional systems which can lead to better water purification techni .... This facilitates the flow of water through the tubes as well as making a molecule pulled forward by the one in front of it. The water can also flow down the ...

...armaceutical chemistry tasked with designing and synthesizing molecules on small scale in the early drug discovery phase. ...d manufacturing processes associated with the production of small molecule drugs. [[Biologics|Biological medical products]] (more commonly called “biologics ...

...third order Raman susceptibility <math>\chi ^{(3)} _{Raman}</math> of the molecule:<ref name=":5" /> ...045-2322|pmc=4302291|pmid=25608867|bibcode=2015NatSR...5.7930L}}</ref> and drugs<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal|last1=Fu|first1=Dan|last2=Zhou|first2=Jing|las ...

...reaction is one in which a substrate reacts with water, splitting a water molecule into hydroxide and hydrogen ions. In this case the hydroxide ion then forms ...complexes. 4-membered rings are subject to internal strain because of the small inter-bond angle is the ring. The chelate effect is also reduced with 7- an ...

...of the protonated water clusters and the gas-phase basicity of the analyte molecule are of crucial importance. However, since especially smaller protonated wat ...acidity, as it is the case e.g. for carboxylic acids.[[File:DART schematic small.png|thumb|upright=1.75|A direct analysis in real time (DART) metastable ion ...