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"Normal shocks" are a fundamental type of [[shock wave]]. The waves, which are perpendicular to the flow, are called "normal" shocks. Normal sh Note that the Mach numbers are given in the reference frame of the shock. ...

...Mechanics Pergaman.</ref><ref>Whitham, G. B. (2011). Linear and nonlinear waves (Vol. 42). John Wiley & Sons.</ref> ...und waves]]) are also simple waves up to second-order approximation in the shock strength. ...

...ith entropy perturbations.<ref>Clavin, P., & Searby, G. (2016). Combustion waves and fronts in flows: flames, shocks, detonations, ablation fronts and explo ...e the [[acoustic wave]], which can propagate upstream and can catch up the shock wave. As such, they are useful in understanding many highspeed flows and ar ...

...nnes Alfvén|Alfvén]] and [[Ernst Mach|Mach]] were physicists who studied [[shock wave]]s. ...u |first2=Dongsu |title=Diffusive Shock Acceleration at Cosmological Shock Waves |journal=The Astrophysical Journal |date=2013 |volume=764 |issue=1 |pages=9 ...

...n (1887) [https://books.google.com/books?id=Q84-AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA409 "On ship waves,"] ''Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Proceedings'', '''38''' : 409–34 ...(of total opening 39° as indicated above) is filled with transverse curved waves, each of which resembles an arc of a circle centered at a point lying on th ...

...h problem''' describes the time evolution of converging [[Shock wave|shock waves]]. The problem was discussed by G. Guderley in 1942<ref>Guderley, K. G. (19 ...corresponds to the region <math>r\sim R\ll R_0</math>, that is to say, the shock wave has travelled enough to forget about the initial condition. ...

| title = Supersonic flow and shock waves a manual on the mathematical theory of non-linear wave motion ...

...in the same year [[G. I. Taylor]] solved the whole problem for weak shock waves by taking both viscosity and heat conductivity into account.<ref name="tayl In a frame fixed with a planar shock wave, the shock wave is steady. In this frame, the steady [[Navier–Stokes equations]] for a ...

{{short description|Non-local model for non-linear dispersive waves}} ==Water waves== ...

...t]]. They were first obtained by [[Bernhard Riemann]] in his work on plane waves in gas dynamics.<ref> |title=Linear and Nonlinear Waves ...

{{short description|Waves created by the redirection of supersonic flow along a curved surface}} ...where {{mvar|M}} is the Mach number immediately before the wave. Expansion waves are divergent because as the flow expands the value of Mach number increase ...

...iscontinuities in the weak solutions of [[conservation law]]s called shock waves.<ref name="Smoller"/> <ref name="Smoller">{{cite book | last=Smoller | first=Joel | title=Shock Waves and Reaction—Diffusion Equations | publisher=Springer New York, NY | editio ...

...]] in 1981 for the study of interactions in the combustion theory of shock waves and explosive chemical reactions.<ref>{{cite journal|author=Majda, Andrew|t ...tle=Spectral and nonlinear stability of viscous strong and weak detonation waves in Majda's qualitative model|year=2015|url=http://www.icders.org/ICDERS2015 ...

...rst by Sedov in 1946.<ref>Sedov, L. I. (1946). Propagation of strong shock waves. Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, 10, 241-250.</ref> von Neuma ...en; only the energy released <math>E</math> will have influence on how the shock wave evolves. To a very high degree of accuracy, then it can be assumed tha ...

..., which converts the kinetic energy of the moving body into outgoing sound waves behind the body.{{r|landau}} ...l be nearly parallel to the <math>x</math>-axis everywhere since the shock waves formed (one at the leading edge and one at the trailing edge) will be weak; ...

{{Short description|Technique used to reduce the influence of waves upon lifting and drilling operations}} ...]] compensation is a technique used to reduce the influence of [[Wind wave|waves]] upon lifting and drilling operations.<ref>Passive and Active heave Compen ...

...[Lev Landau]] who introduced it in 1942,<ref> 1942, Landau, L.D. "On shock waves" J. Phys. USSR 6 229-230.</ref><ref>Thompson, P. A. (1971). A fundamental d ...

.../ref><ref>Daganzo, Carlos F. 2005. "A variational formulation of kinematic waves: basic theory and complex boundary conditions". Transportation Research. Pa ...nrestricted and traffic past downstream detector (D) is restricted so that waves from both boundaries point into the (t,x) solution space (see Figure 2). ...

...ScI...77h3108S }}</ref> In recent years PDV has achieved popularity in the shock physics community as an adjunct or replacement for [[velocity interferomete ...echanism of PDV is the interference pattern created by two electromagnetic waves with a small difference in frequency. Since most PDV systems are constructe ...

...=1956 |title=The motion of a gas under the action of a short term pressure shock |journal=Akust. Zh |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=28–38 }}</ref> An independent ...