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...scription|Ratio of a slightly volatile element, potassium (K), to a highly refractory element, uranium (U).}} ...htly volatile [[Chemical element|element]], [[potassium ]](K), to a highly refractory element, [[uranium]] (U). It is a useful way to measure the presence of vol ...

[[Category:Refractory materials]] [[Category:Superhard materials]] ...

...fusion bonding method is widely used in the joining of high-strength and [[refractory metals]] within the aerospace<ref name=":3" /> and nuclear industries.{{cit ...substrate.<ref>{{Cite book|title = Manufacturing Processes for Engineering Materials (5th Ed.)|last = Kalpakjian|first = Serope|publisher = Prentice Hall|year = ...

{{Short description|Analytical technique used in materials science}} ...ion microscopy''' ('''FEM''') is an analytical technique that is used in [[materials science]] to study the surfaces of needle apexes.<ref>{{cite web |title=Int ...

...ty]] through low density solids ([[polymer]]s and [[Cellulose|cellulosic]] materials predominantly) thus interfering with the measurement of solid volume. In su ...etroleum Coke by Helium Pycnometer</ref> [[cement]] and other construction materials,<ref>C. Hall "Water Transport in Brick, Stone and Concrete", Taylor & Franc ...

...el used to describe sliding wear and is based on the theory of [[asperity (materials science)|asperity]] contact.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Archard |first=J. F. The resistance of materials and structures to abrasion can be measured by a variety of [[test method]]s ...

...discharge. In the 1980s, there was increasing interest in high-performance materials and other scientific issues, and in induction plasma for industrial-scale a ...al, high power plasma applications (30~250&nbsp;kW), tubes made of ceramic materials are typically used.<ref>United States Patent 5200595</ref> The ideal candid ...

...un |date=2024 |title=A clean and green technology for iron extraction from refractory siderite ore via fluidization self-magnetization roasting |url=https://www. ...f iron ore is improved, making it the most effective method for separating refractory iron ores. Additionally, the roasting process can eliminate harmful impurit ...

* [[Refractory]] (high-temperature component for heat insulation) 2. ''Vignes, J-L. Mazerolle, L., Michel, D.'' Key Engineering Materials 132-136 (1997): 432 – 435. ...

...in later years, the dating method is made applicable to date diverse earth materials.<ref name=":4"/> The Lu–Hf system is now a common tool in geological studie ...u.<ref name=":1"/> When ¹⁷⁶Lu atoms are incorporated into earth materials, such as rocks and minerals, they began to be "trapped" while starting to d ...

...ies are formed, which interact with the contaminants and degrade them. The refractory compounds are thus converted into reaction intermediates and, ultimately, i ...of the azo dyes at Si/BDD thin film electrodes|journal=Diamond and Related Materials|language=en|volume=39|pages=82–88|doi=10.1016/j.diamond.2013.08.004|bibcode ...

...on of metal-alloy catalyzed whisker growth depicting the pathway of source materials through the droplet to the growing interface.]] The materials system used, as well as the cleanliness of the vacuum system and therefore ...

...rl=http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7209-3 |journal=Springer Series in Materials Science |volume=264 |doi=10.1007/978-981-10-7209-3 |isbn=978-981-10-7208-6 ...ösler, Harald Harders, Martin Bäker, ''Mechanical Behaviour of Engineering Materials'', Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2007, p 396. {{ISBN|978-3-540-73446-8 ...

...a planet undergoes [[Planetary differentiation|differentiation]] the dense materials, particularly iron, separate from lighter components and sink to the interi ...51S}}</ref> Hafnium and tungsten are both [[Refractory (planetary science)|refractory elements]] so there is not expected to be any [[fractionation]] between haf ...

...lid Acid Fuel Cells by Platinum Deposition on CsH2PO4|journal=Chemistry of Materials|volume=23|issue=7|pages=1659–1667|doi=10.1021/cm101147y|issn=0897-4756|url= ...es=77–92 |doi=10.1016/j.jpowsour.2016.05.021 |issn=0378-7753}}</ref> These materials are based on oxyanion groups such as SO₄^2-, PO<sub>4< ...

...|nuclear]] [[fusion power]] research, the '''plasma-facing material''' (or materials) ('''PFM''') is any material used to construct the '''plasma-facing compone Plasma-facing materials for fusion reactor designs must support the overall steps for energy genera ...

...hydrated states |journal=Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials |date=February 2019 |volume=90 |pages=350–364 |doi=10.1016/j.jmbbm.2018.09. ...al materials |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/nmat4089 |journal=Nature Materials |language=en |volume=14 |issue=1 |pages=23–36 |doi=10.1038/nmat4089 |pmid=2 ...

...s |url=http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41578-019-0121-4 |journal=Nature Reviews Materials |volume=4 |issue=8 |pages=515–534 |doi=10.1038/s41578-019-0121-4 |bibcode=2 These alloys are currently the focus of significant attention in [[materials science]] and engineering because they have potentially desirable propertie ...

...called [[ballast mineral|ballast]] to settle gravitationally in the ocean. Materials that may serve as ballast include [[biogenic opal]] (hereinafter "[[opal]]" ...for microbes to break down, decomposes in the upper layer, and relatively refractory POC is transported to the ocean interior in low-latitude areas.<ref name="F ...

In [[materials science]] '''ceramic matrix composites''' ('''CMCs''') are a subgroup of [[ ...trand fibers has drastically increased the crack resistance, [[elongation (materials science)|elongation]] and [[thermal shock]] resistance, and resulted in sev ...