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...|page=|pages=8}} Random variable A has lexicographic dominance over random variable B (denoted <math>A \succ_{ld} B</math>) if one of the following holds: ...6}}</ref> Random variable A has upward lexicographic dominance over random variable B (denoted <math>A \succ_{ul} B</math>) if one of the following holds: ...

...obabilistic graphical model]]s, such as [[Bayesian network]]s and [[Markov random field]]s.<ref name="zhang">Zhang, N.L., Poole, D.:A Simple Approach to Baye ...o large to handle as the complexity of this operation is exponential. Thus variable elimination becomes more feasible when computing factorized entities. ...

...es (probability distributions) according to their degree of [[risk]]; this ordering is [[Partially ordered set|partial]], meaning that of two equal-mean gamble ...is not in general true, because the variance is a complete ordering while ordering by mean-preserving spreads is only partial. ...

...ocation-invariant'' and ''linear in scale''. This means that if a [[random variable]] <math>X</math> has a dispersion of <math>S_X</math> then a [[linear trans ...re '''[[dimensionless]]'''. In other words, they have no units even if the variable itself has units. These include: ...

...at { ''f''_''i'' } is an indexed collection of [[Random variable|random variables]], that is, a stochastic process. Let be the joint probability density function of the values of the random variables ''f''₁ to ''f_n''. Then, the Chapman–Kolmogo ...

...hat the sum of numbers is 1. This mixture can be interpreted as a [[random variable]] (a lottery), whose value equals each candidate ''x'' with probability ''p ...led a ''lottery extension'', and it results in one of several [[Stochastic ordering|stochastic orderings]]. ...

...opulations from which the samples are drawn. When there is an ''a priori'' ordering, the Jonckheere test has more [[statistical power]] than the Kruskal–Wallis The alternative hypothesis is that the population medians have an a priori ordering e.g.: ...

...can be rephrased in the language of probability, e.g. using a sequence of random variables and [[expected value]]s. The theorem is named after [[John Kingm Given a family of real random variables <math display="inline">X(m, n)</math>, with <math display="inline ...

...the Bayesian model, it is assumed that the buyer's valuation is a [[random variable]] drawn from a known probability distribution. ...zero cost), and there are multiple potential buyers whose valuations are a random vector drawn from some known probability distribution. Here, different pric ...

A second issue is related to changes in demand (predictable or random) for the product. For example, having the needed merchandise on hand in or *[[Cost]]s: [[variable cost|variable]] versus [[fixed cost|fixed]] ...

...ed not suppose the objects permuted to be numbers, but one needs a [[total ordering]] of the set of objects. Since the code numbers are to start from 0, the ap ...ly distributed [[random variable]] on {{math|[''n'' − ''i'']}}, and these random variables are mutually [[Independence (probability theory)|independent]], b ...

...evcsda.pdf Preprint]</ref> It is a measure of the [[skewness]] of a random variable's [[Probability distribution|distribution]]&mdash;that is, the distribution Under an [[affine transformation]] of the variable (''X''), the value of ''S'' does not change except for a possible change in ...

...reasing event are negatively correlated. It was obtained by studying the [[random cluster model]]. Let <math>X</math> be a random variable and let <math>g, f</math> be real-valued and nondecreasing functions, then ...

...es than other qualitative variables. These methods incorporate the natural ordering of the variables in order to avoid loss of power.<ref name="agresti" />{{rp Ordinal data can be considered as a quantitative variable. In [[logistic regression]], the equation ...

...o be tangent to more than one eigenspace by choosing a cut-off point in an ordering of the real part eigenvalues in magnitude from least to greatest. In practi ...lso stochastic center, stable and unstable manifolds.<ref>Ludwig Arnold, ''Random Dynamical Systems'', Springer Monographs in Mathematics, 2003.</ref> Such ...

realization of a random vector <math>X^n</math>. If the conditional distribution ...,\ldots,z_n \right)\in\mathcal{Z}^n</math>. A specific realization of this random vector will be denoted by <math>z^n</math>. ...

...assigning to each vertex <math>k \in \{1,\dotsc,n\}</math> a latent random variable ...aphons are tied to dense graphs by the following pair of observations: the random graph models defined by graphons give rise to dense graphs [[almost surely] ...

...|Roos|1990}}</ref><ref name="KleeMinty"/> However, when it is started at a random corner, the criss-cross algorithm [[Average-case complexity|on&nbsp;average ...y considering only the signs of coefficients rather than their real-number ordering.<ref name="FukudaTerlaky"/><ref name="TerlakyZhang"/> The criss-cross algor ...

...en are formed by appending terms that follow all existing terms in a given ordering. The formed tree is searched in a breadth-first manner. Given the nodes at ...tions represent a relation between variables or if it can be attributed to random causes. This can be determined through a [[Chi-squared test|chi-square test ...

...lued logic]] in which [[truth values]] comprise a [[continuous or discrete variable|continuous]] range. Traditionally, in [[Aristotle's logic]], logic other th ...nk-311 |section=sections 311 "Infinitesimals and Surreal Numbers" and 317 "Random Reals"}}</ref> ...