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{{Short description|Map of radio signal strength in an area}} ...how [[radio wave]]s spread across a geographical region. The main types of radio maps are ''signal strength maps'' and ''propagation maps''. Signal strength ...

...nson noise]], determines the overall noise performance of a receiver. As [[radio signal]]s decrease in size, the noise at the input of the receiver will det ...e noise figure measurements are possible with the noise figure meter and a spectrum analyser. ...

...as in the optical and [[radio frequency]] regions of the [[electromagnetic spectrum]]. An [[FM broadcasting|FM]] [[radio]] station transmitting at 100 [[megahertz|MHz]] emits photons with an ...

{{Short description|Random fluctuations in radio waves of celestial origin}} ...ible spectrum|visible one]]. Interplanetary scintillation is the result of radio waves traveling through fluctuations in the density of the [[electron]] and ...

{{about|radio-frequency (RF) or microwave active circulators|other uses|Circulator (disam ...is an active non-reciprocal three-port device that couples a microwave or radio-frequency signal only to an adjacent [[Port (circuit theory)|port]] in the ...

...such as EMF meters. These probes can be generally considered as [[Antenna (radio)|''antennas'']] although with different characteristics. In fact, probes sh ...f frequencies and is usually made with three independent diode [[detector (radio)|detectors]]; ...

...t and radio telescope located in a [[radio quiet zone]] at the [[Murchison Radio-astronomy Observatory]] in Western Australia. It is a collaboration between ...ize, sat on a {{convert|30|x|30|m|ft}} ground shield. It is coupled with a radio receiver, with a 100m cable run to a digital spectrometer.<ref name="MIT" / ...

{{Short description|Radio standard}} [[File:ICOM IC-F3162dt.jpg|thumb|150px|IDAS Radio IC-F3162DT]] ...

...] (DTFT) of a sampled signal is always periodic, producing "copies" of the spectrum at intervals of the sampling frequency. In the spatial domain, these copie [[Category:Antennas (radio)]] ...

...a function of its age, and find that there were hundreds as times as many radio galaxies at ''z'' <math>\approx</math> 1 as there are today.<ref name="Spin ...|author2=Münch, Guido |author3=Spinrad, Hyron | title = An Analysis of the Spectrum of Mars | journal = Astrophysical Journal | volume = 139 | pages = 1–15 | b ...

...f>{{Cite journal |date=2002 |title=On the performance of UWB and DS-spread spectrum communication systems |url=https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/10 ...specified by the protocol, thus it is left to user preference. However the spectrum of the pulses must be entirely contained in the allowed channels. ...

...nuum luminosity of the source.<ref name = Baldwin1977/> For flat-spectrum, radio-loud quasars the relation {{cite journal | title = Emission-line properties of optically and radio-selected complete quasar samples | journal = Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 ...

...it-spectrum modulation. Their major advantages are, that one can shape the spectrum to allow inter-system-compatibility and better theoretically achievable tra ...main spectral lobes further away from the carrier (thus the name of split-spectrum). ...

'''Channel sounding''' is a technique that evaluates a radio environment for [[wireless communication]], especially [[MIMO]] systems. Be ...1=Laurenson, D. |author2=Grant, P. |date=September 2006 |title=A review of radio channel sounding techniques |conference=[[EUSIPCO]] |issn=2219-5491 |url=ht ...

...t on the intensity of the Lyman-alpha radiation, but on the shape of the [[spectrum]] in the vicinity of the Lyman-alpha transition. That this mechanism might ...–Field coupling include the [[Square Kilometer Array]] and the [[Dark Ages Radio Explorer]]. ...

...ge-scale structure of the universe]] by using the integrated [[radio waves|radio emission]] from unresolved gas clouds. ...ssion line is [[redshift]]ed by the expansion of the Universe, so by using radio receivers that cover a wide frequency band, one can detect this signal as a ...

..., we will be looking into the basics of methods used to estimate the power spectrum of multidimensional signals. ...and [[Antenna (radio)|antennas]] and vibrational analysis. In the field of radio astronomy,<ref name="James"/> it is used to synchronize the outputs of an a ...

...d in interstellar molecular clouds in 1971 using [[millimeter wave]] and [[radio telescopes|microwave telescopes]].<ref name="Turner"/> Since then many high Identification is made through comparison of experimental spectrum with spectrum gathered from the telescope. This is commonly done with measurement of the ...

...an empirical expression that describes an [[oscillator]]'s [[phase noise]] spectrum. ...ast=Leeson |first=D. B. |title=A Simple Model of Feedback Oscillator Noise Spectrum |journal=Proceedings of the IEEE |date=February 1966 |volume=54 |issue=2 |p ...

...'decads'', or ''decils''){{fact|date=March 2024}} that is the same for all radio waves in the same band, rather than the power of two, as in analysis of aco ...e |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170514010527/http://www.cross-spectrum.com/audio/articles/center_frequencies.html |archive-date=2017-05-14 |df=dmy ...