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{{Short description|Radio modulation design}} ...=4 |pages=613–627 |date=2008 |doi=10.1017/S0373463308004918 }}</ref> is a modulation design proposed for [[Galileo (satellite navigation)|Galileo]]<ref name="GA ...

...into two parts, therefore BOC modulation is also known as a split-spectrum modulation. Their major advantages are, that one can shape the spectrum to allow inter The main idea behind BOC modulation is to reduce the interference with [[BPSK]]-modulated signals, which have a ...

{{Modulation techniques}} ...cy-discrete modulation of signals for narrow-band communication channels// Radio electronics and communications systems c/c of Izvestiia- vysshie uchebnye z ...

Here the ''modulation wavelength'' ''λ''_mod is given by:<ref name=Kinsman/><ref name=D The modulation wavelength is double that of the envelope itself because each half-waveleng ...

...current can be measured by means of an electrical spectrum analyzer over a radio frequency (RF) range that is limited by the electrical bandwidth of the det ...ise (mostly at low RF frequencies) due to competition among several lasing modes. ...

{{Short description|Type of satellite that transmits over amateur radio frequencies}} {{amateur radio}} ...

| name = Pulse-code modulation {{Modulation techniques}} ...

...nsmitting antennas and their feed lines; high [[standing wave ratio]] on a radio or TV antenna can distort the signal, increase transmission line loss and p The slotted line is one of the basic instruments used in [[radio frequency]] test and measurement at [[microwave]] frequencies. It consists ...

...th of the structure. From a more sophisticated point of view, the periodic modulation creates a guided wave that consists of an infinite number of space harmonic modes). Although the main (''n''&nbsp;=&nbsp;0) space harmonic is a slow wave, on ...

...w {{nowrap|2 kHz}} bandwidth signals in [[single-sideband modulation|SSB]] radio receivers. It operates at {{nowrap|455 kHz}}, a common [[intermediate frequ ...r]] usually used in place of an [[electronic filter]] at [[radio frequency|radio frequencies]]. Its purpose is the same as that of a normal electronic filt ...

...|last=Woodbury, Ng|title=Ruby operation in the Near IR|journal=Proc. Inst. Radio Eng.|volume=50|pages=2367}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Jones|first1=W. ...n CRS,<ref name=":4" /> two lasers are used to excite specific vibrational modes of molecules to be imaged. The laser with a higher photon energy is normal ...

...onator''' ('''LGR''') is an electromagnetic resonator that operates in the radio and microwave frequency ranges. The simplest LGRs are made from a conductin ...ingled out as having inductance <math>L_0</math>, then one of the resonant modes is one in which all of the magnetic flux from each of the external loops of ...

...iniaturized ([[Electrically small antenna|electrically small]]) [[Antenna (radio)|antenna system]]s.<ref>Slyusar V. I. 60 Years of Electrically Small Antenn ...e newest metamaterial antennas radiate as much as 95 percent of an input [[radio signal]]. Standard antennas need to be at least half the size of the signal ...

The electromagnetic spectrum extends from low frequencies used for modern radio to [[Gamma ray|gamma radiation]] at the short-wavelength end, covering wave ...B.|author2=S. Guenneau|year=2004|title=Split-ring resonators and localized modes|url=http://www.maths.liv.ac.uk/~guenneau/prb2004a.pdf|journal=Phys. Rev. B| ...

...jectory by a static magnetic field and accelerated by a rapidly varying ([[radio frequency]]) electric field. Lawrence was awarded the 1939 [[Nobel prize in ...other and to the direction of travel, or propagation."</ref> It includes [[radio wave]]s, [[microwave]]s, [[infrared]], [[Light|(visible) light]], [[ultravi ...