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- .... in 1896 with an early X-ray tube ([[Crookes tube]]), when the dangers of radiation were largely unknown.<ref>Described by William James Morton (1845–1920) in: ...es can have harmful effects on living organisms. As a result, the study of radiation damage also became a part of this history. ...263 KB (37,147 words) - 20:45, 27 January 2025
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- {{short description|Amount of radiation absorbed by a breast during mammography}} ...'''MGD''') is a quantity used to describe the [[absorbed dose]] of [[X-ray|radiation]] to the [[breast]]. It is based on a measurement of [[Kerma (physics)|air ...4 KB (588 words) - 09:15, 6 May 2023
- {{Short description|Probability of ill health effects from ionizing radiation}} ...ological Protection]] (ICRP) system of [[radiation protection|radiological protection]].<ref name="ICRP publication, 103 para 103">ICRP publication, 103 para 103 ...15 KB (2,184 words) - 10:34, 10 February 2025
- {{short description|Quantity used to assess X radiation risk}} ...n |first1=Patricia K |last2=Wu |first2=Joseph C |date=February 2011 |title=Radiation exposure from imaging tests: is there an increased cancer risk? |journal=Ex ...5 KB (754 words) - 13:20, 22 January 2025
- ...].<ref>{{cite conference |title=A new 2-D parity checking architecture for radiation-hardened by design SRAM |author=Q. L. Rao, C. He |journal=Asia Pacific Conf ...mpler implementation complexity compared to LDPC codes. The level of error protection can be adjusted by modifying the number of dimensions or the size of each d ...4 KB (622 words) - 12:01, 6 February 2025
- {{Short description|Dose measurement of radiation}} ...equivalent dose''' (FED) is an informal unit of measurement of [[ionizing radiation]] exposure. Expressed in units of flight-time (i.e., flight-seconds, flight ...15 KB (1,865 words) - 14:48, 1 February 2025
- {{Short description|Plant adapted to strong solar radiation}}'''Heliophytes''' or '''sunstroke plants''' are adapted to a [[habitat]] w ...[[leaf|leaves]] with hairy and [[wax]]y protection against excessive light radiation and water loss. In structure, the leaves vary in frequent double [[palisade ...3 KB (386 words) - 20:03, 20 August 2024
- ...t5=Jansen|first5=J T M|last6=Johnson|first6=B|last7=Lewis|first7=M A|title=Radiation dosimetry for wide-beam CT scanners: recommendations of a working party of ...h><math>T</math> is the nominal beam width) and <math>D(z)</math> is the [[radiation dose]] measured at position <math>z</math> along the scanner's main axis - ...6 KB (915 words) - 15:01, 22 December 2019
- ...ating temperature]]. Various measures are taken for '''optical overheating protection'''. Stagnation temperatures are encountered under conditions of high radiation while no heat transfer fluid is flowing through the collector, for example ...9 KB (1,305 words) - 13:01, 26 September 2024
- ...may be present – known as [[surf beat]] – causing [[infragravity wave]] [[radiation]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Henderson |first=Stephen M. |date=2002 |title=O Wave setup can be mathematically modeled by considering the variation in [[radiation stress]].<ref>{{Citation ...9 KB (1,310 words) - 08:11, 17 February 2024
- ...herford]] and [[Frederick Soddy]]. They developed chemical separation and radiation measurement techniques on terrestrial radioactive substances. During the t ...[hydrology]], [[geology]], [[forensics]], [[atmospheric sciences]], health protection, [[archeology]], and [[engineering]]. Applications include: forming and ch ...12 KB (1,629 words) - 22:13, 16 June 2024
- ...lectric effect, Compton scattering, pair and triplet production for carbon radiation shields for intermediate and high photon energies|journal=Journal of Physic ...on scattering is thought to be the principal [[Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)|absorption]] mechanism for gamma rays in the intermediate energy range 100 ...19 KB (2,587 words) - 10:54, 10 February 2025
- ...t4=Kwang-Mo|last5=Yi|first5=Joo Mi|date=2013-07-18|title=Epigenetics Meets Radiation Biology as a New Approach in Cancer Treatment|journal=International Journal ...n is used on abnormal growths in the human body such as cancer cells, in [[radiation therapy]]. Most cancer cells are fully treated with some type of [[radiothe ...27 KB (3,951 words) - 13:15, 7 October 2024
- Active sensors emit radiation and read the reflected radiation. An active sensor has a transmitter and a receiver. A transmitter emits a s ...12.6220965 |isbn=978-1-4673-1401-5 |issn=2162-9048}}</ref> [[Kavach (train protection system)|Kavach]] is a collision avoidance system used in the [[Indian Railw ...15 KB (2,075 words) - 08:48, 17 October 2024
- ...of water shielding, reducing [[Cosmic ray|cosmic radiation]] [[Background radiation|background]]. The GERDA experiment was operated from 2011 onwards at LNGS.< ...9 KB (1,268 words) - 20:34, 12 February 2023
- {{Short description|Cancer causing exposure to ionizing radiation in spaceflight}} ...d to determine how the body reacts to and shields its internal organs from radiation, which will be important for longer duration space flights.]] ...60 KB (8,802 words) - 01:17, 15 September 2024
- ...e [[radioactivity]] (APR). In more recent times they may also be used to [[Radiation monitoring|monitor]] people in their homes for the presence of manmade radi ...measuring releases of APR from the facility, monitoring levels of APR for protection of plant personnel, monitoring the air in the reactor containment structure ...42 KB (6,428 words) - 04:02, 31 July 2024
- * Branch-duplexer receiver protection<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/Branch%20Duplexe [[File:Fan1p.gif|thumb|Fan beam antenna pattern]] The [[radiation pattern]] of a rotating truncated parabolic antenna for radar fixed pedesta ...9 KB (1,291 words) - 14:05, 5 June 2024
- ...ection from harmful UV radiation. When melanocytes are stimulated by solar radiation, melanin is produced.<ref>T. Vo-Dinh, Biomedical Photonics Handbook. Taylor ...14 KB (1,934 words) - 18:00, 19 February 2025
- {{Short description|Penetrating form of electromagnetic radiation}} ...atter]]; in 1900, he had already named two less penetrating types of decay radiation (discovered by [[Henri Becquerel]]) [[alpha rays]] and [[beta rays]] in asc ...60 KB (8,880 words) - 18:06, 15 February 2025
- {{Short description|Ionizing radiation particle of two protons and two neutrons}} '''Alpha particles''', also called '''alpha rays''' or '''alpha radiation''', consist of two [[proton]]s and two [[neutron]]s bound together into a [ ...33 KB (4,877 words) - 10:36, 21 February 2025