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...ecification|book-title=Proceedings of the IFIP International Conference on Programming Concepts and Methods|volume=125|pages=148–166|publisher=Chapman & Hall|year .../doi.org/10.1145/3591283|doi-access=free }}</ref> and [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]. ...

{{Distinguish|List of conspiracy theories#Predictive programming}} ...rogram refinement|refinement]], more recently called a Practical Theory of Programming, invented by [[Eric Hehner]]. The central idea is that each specification i ...

{{short description|Feature of a typed formal language that builds new types from old ones}} ...[[type theory]], a '''type constructor''' is a feature of a typed [[formal language]] that builds new types from old ones. [[Basic type]]s are considered to be ...

...link = Helmut Schwichtenberg|author2=H. Schwichtenberg | title=Basic proof theory | date=27 July 2000 | publisher = [[Cambridge University Press]] | isbn = 0 ==Hereditary Harrop formulae and logic programming== ...

...ast2=Groenen |first2=Patrick J. F. |title=Modern multidimensional scaling: theory and applications |date=2005 |publisher=Springer |location=New York [Heidelb ...al packages, such as [[R (programming language)|R]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]], etc., include implementations of Gower's distance. The implement ...

| programming language = [[C++]] ...gz3.html |archive-date=February 9, 2023 |access-date=May 21, 2023 |website=Programming Z3}}</ref> ...

{{Short description|Probabilistic logic programming language}} | programming language = [[Python (programming language)|Python]] ...

...he area of [[mathematical logic]] and [[computer science]] known as [[type theory]], a '''kind''' is the type of a [[type constructor]] or, less commonly, th ...</ref> [[Haskell (programming language)|Haskell]] and [[Scala (programming language)|Scala]]<!-- have to check Scala, but I bet it allows parametric polymorphi ...

{{Short description|Encapsulation of an optional value in programming or type theory}} ...g language]]s (especially [[functional programming]] languages) and [[type theory]], an '''option type''' or '''maybe type''' is a [[parametric polymorphism| ...

...intelligence]], [[knowledge representation and reasoning]], and [[database theory]] *[[Association for Logic Programming|ALP]] Test-of-Time Award (2018) ...

{{Short description|Programming language}} {{Infobox programming language ...

...3840486}}</ref> Session type systems have been adapted for both [[Channel (programming)|channel]] and [[Actor model|actor]] systems.<ref>{{cite arXiv |last1=Fowle ...types, beyond duality |journal=Journal of Logical and Algebraic Methods in Programming |date=June 2018 |volume=97 |pages=55–84 |doi=10.1016/j.jlamp.2018.01.001|s2 ...

In [[computer programming]], '''bidirectional transformations (bx)''' are programs in which a single ...7-26 |url-status=dead |first=Nate |last=Foster}}</ref> because a bijective language is merely relating two different ways to present the very same information. ...

...ed the [[Alonzo Church Award]] "for his fundamental work on developing the theory and applications" of KAT.<ref name=award/> ...Dexter Kozen |title=Kleene algebra with tests |journal=ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems |date=May 1997 |volume=19 |issue=3 |pages=427–443 |do ...

...arvey J. |date=1997 |title=Advances in Sensitivity Analysis and Parametric Programming |publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers |location=Boston |doi=10.1007/978-1-4 ...nd whether the optimization problem features integer variables, parametric programming problems are classified into different sub-classes: ...

...or Program Verification |journal=Theory and Practice of Logic Programming |language=en |volume=22 |issue=6 |pages=974–1042 |doi=10.1017/S1471068421000211 |s2ci where <math>\phi</math> is a ''constraint'' in some first-order theory, <math>P_i</math> are predicates, and <math>\mathbf{x}_i</math> are univers ...

...f name=":0">Bendsøe, M. P., & Sigmund, O. (2003). ''Topology optimization: theory, methods, and applications''. Berlin: Springer.</ref> ...|url=https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01743509 |journal=Structural Optimization |language=en |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=166–174 |doi=10.1007/BF01743509 |s2cid=5418741 ...

| programming language = [[Fortran]], [[C (programming language)|C]] ...ix with permutational symmetry | journal = Theoretical Chemistry Accounts: Theory, Computation, and Modeling | volume = 104 | issue = 5 | pages = 344 | year ...

In [[type theory]], a '''typing environment''' (or '''typing context''') represents the asso In [[statically typed]] [[programming language]]s, these environments are used and maintained by [[typing rule]]s to [[typ ...

...alphabet, the problem is to determine whether there exists a [[Path (graph theory)|path]] through the graph such that the concatenation of the labels along t ...ty. For brevity, define an ''L''-path to be a path with edge labels in the language of the grammar. Then:<ref>{{harv|Reps|1998}}</ref> ...