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...rsanyi]] in 1955 and has important implications for [[Political philosophy|political]], [[Moral philosophy|moral]], and [[Philosophy and economics|economic phil ...more difficult to say whether or not it establishes [[utilitarianism]] as philosophers commonly understand the phrase, assuming this is a well-defined notion.<ref ...

...Journal of Graph Theory, 19(2):217–236, 1995.</ref> political scientists, philosophers,<ref name="FeMa92a">D. S. Felsenthal and M. Machover. ''After two centuries ...ave a natural interpretation in terms of electoral competition between two political parties<ref name="Laslier2000">[[:fr:Jean-François Laslier|Laslier, J.-F.]] ...

Further, David has studied works on psychology and political science which teach him the following: Kings have two personality types, ch ...d to choose between causal decision theory and evidential decision theory, philosophers usually prefer causal decision theory.<ref name=":0">{{cite SEP|author-last ...

...oviet Union, contributing to the development of Soviet [[Political economy|Political Economy]]. ...)|economic value]], the impact of class and class struggle on economic and political processes, and the process of [[Evolutionary economics|economic evolution]] ...

...g.<ref>[[Philip Wicksteed|Wicksteed, Philip Henry]]; ''The Common Sense of Political Economy'' (1910), Bk I Ch 2 and elsewhere.</ref> Another way to think of th ...vons, William Stanley; ''Brief Account of a General Mathematical Theory of Political Economy'', ''Journal of the Royal Statistical Society'' v29 (June 1866) §4. ...

...presented such a theory in his 1752 work ''Of Money'' (''[[Essays, Moral, Political, and Literary]]'', Part II, Essay III).{{sfn|Snowdon|Vane|2005|p=50}} Quant ...Monetary Instrument, and the Optimal Money Supply Rule |journal=Journal of Political Economy |volume=83 |issue=2 |pages=241–54 |jstor=1830921 |doi=10.1086/26032 ...

...uism: Applications to Charity and Ricardian Equivalence|journal=Journal of Political Economy|volume=97|issue=6|pages=1447–1458|jstor=1833247|doi=10.1086/261662| ...ter C.|date=1968|title=A Theory of the Calculus of Voting|journal=American Political Science Review|volume=62|issue=1|pages=25–42|doi=10.1017/s000305540011562x| ...

...lem|url=http://agtb.wordpress.com/2012/08/15/fair-division-and-the-whining-philosophers-problem/|access-date=26 August 2014|website=Turing's Invisible Hand}}</ref> ...al|doi=10.1086/319550 |title=Competitive Fair Division |journal=Journal of Political Economy |volume=109 |issue=2 |page=418 |year=2001 |last1=Brams |first1=Stev ...

...0-7914-6800-5 |page=167 |quote=In fact it was common among Persian Islamic philosophers to write few quatrains on the side often in the spirit of some of the poems ...://www.jstor.org/stable/10.3366/j.ctt1g0b63h |title=The History of Islamic Political Thought: From the Prophet to the Present |date=2011 |publisher=Edinburgh Un ...

...Caliphate|Umayyads]] and the [[Abbasids]] by translating works of [[Greek philosophers]] and [[ancient science]] to [[Syriac Language|Syriac]] and afterwards to [ ...c-influence/|archive-date=20 October 2017}}</ref> The influence of Islamic philosophers in Europe was particularly strong in natural philosophy, psychology and met ...

...res upon things relating to government" and referred to this practice as ''Political Arithmetick''.<ref>{{cite book|last=Schumpeter|first=J.A.|title=History of ...an|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Sw8ZAAAAYAAJ|quote=The Theory of Political Economy, jevons 1871.}}</ref> Others preceded and followed in expanding ma ...

...based on Chinese literary examinations which were popularized in France by philosophers, especially Voltaire. Western perception of China in the 18th century admir ...age, if it might be an advantage, than the facts that Confucius had taught political morality, and the people of China had read books, used the compass, gunpowd ...

Iranian philosophers and inventors may have created the first batteries (sometimes known as the ...more, Iran considers scientific backwardness, as one of the root causes of political and military bullying by developed countries over developing states.<ref>[h ...

...in 2011, Stephen Hawking said that "philosophy is dead". He believed that philosophers "have not kept up with modern developments in science", "have not taken sci ...rl=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-43399019|title=Stephen Hawking's political views|date=14 March 2018|access-date=19 March 2018|work=BBC News|archive-ur ...

...earning Site|access-date=2019-11-08}}</ref> especially in order to enter a political career. Formal schools were established and arranged in ''progressive and ...[[Inquisition]], where he skillfully tried to defend himself stating that philosophers in their course of thoughts, according to "the natural light of intellect", ...

...{cite journal | vauthors = Scheufele DA | title = Science communication as political communication | journal = Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences o ...journals.<ref name="Letzter 2016" /> Columbia University statistician and political scientist [[Andrew Gelman]] responded to Fiske, saying that she had found h ...

...ferential opacity, and the limits of formal semantic analysis. Named after philosophers Peter Geach and David Kaplan.}} ...ir emotions by embedding an evaluative component, often used in ethical or political arguments.}} ...

...35) pointed out the indissolubility of light and color, and affirmed that "philosophers say that no object is visible if it is not illuminated and has no color. Th ...industrial era, with a certain component of social denunciation, linked to political movements such as [[utopian socialism]]. These artists moved away from the ...