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'''Hot-gas welding''' is a manual [[plastic welding]] process for joining [[thermoplastic]] materials. A hot-gas torch is used ==Welding techniques== ...

...jected to a load normal to the weld joint. This frictional heat causes the plastic to melt and a bond to be created.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://boo ...d in high production environments. This process was initially used to weld plastic compasses under a liquid to allow the internal parts of the compass to be f ...

...life.<ref>Yousefpour, A., M. Hojjati, and J.-P. Immarigeon, Fusion Bonding/Welding of Thermoplastic Composites. Journal of THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS, Fusion bonding is a category of techniques for welding thermoplastic composites. It requires the melting of the joint interface, w ...

.../9781569906699.005|chapter=Welding Techniques for Plastics|title=Designing Plastic Parts for Assembly|pages=85–168|year=2017|last1=Tres|first1=Paul A.|isbn=97 ...flected, absorbed or penetrate through the thickness of a component. Laser welding of plastics is based on the [[energy]] absorption of laser radiation, which ...

[[File:Diffusion welding animation.gif|thumb|right|Animation of the Diffusion Welding process]] ...ng Society Educational Services, 2008), ch. 8 (“Welding Metallurgy for the Welding Inspector”), § “Diffusion,” p. 8-15.</ref> Diffusion bonding is usually imp ...

...weldability of the given material.<ref name="IMSP2008" /> The process of welding thermal plastics requires three general steps, first is surface preparation ...eşir|first3=Ayhan|last4=Yıldırım|first4=Hüseyin|date=2008|title=Effects of welding procedures on mechanical and morphological properties of hot gas butt welde ...

...dely used in mass production and for large structures, like large-diameter plastic pipes. Different inspection techniques are implemented in order to identify ...Plastics and Composites Welding Handbook | chapter=Heated Tool (Hot Plate) Welding | pages=29–71 | date=2003 | publisher=Hanser|location=Munich|isbn=1-56990-3 ...

...ons across scientific and engineering disciplines including [[rheometry]], welding engineering, and [[materials science]] provide examples of squeeze flow in ...:0">Grewell, D., Benatar, A., & Park, J. (2013). ''Plastics and composites welding handbook''. New York: Hanser.</ref> ...

...tresses can lead to [[fracture|fracturing]] or [[Deformation (engineering)|plastic deformation]] depending on the other variables of heating, which include ma ...th>T_f</math> is less than <math>T_0</math>, the stress will be tensile. A welding example involves heating and cooling of metal which is a combination of the ...

...e="Yayla, 2007" /> Using HY-80 steel requires careful consideration of the welding processes, filler metal selection and joint design to account for microstru |title=Welding Metallurgy and Weldability ...

...lerate their liners inwards, and in other calculations such as [[explosive welding]] where explosives force two metal sheets together and bond them.<ref name= ! [[C-3 (plastic explosive)|Composition C-3]] ...

...atical modelling of transformation plasticity in steels - I: Case of ideal-plastic phases », ''International Journal of Plasticity'', 5, 1989, <abbr>p.</abbr> ...echanical processing|thermomechanical]] treatments of steels and alloys ([[welding]], [[quenching]], etc.). Initially limited to the solid part of the structu ...

...expansion, the inclusion of additional phases in a material, and previous plastic strains.<ref name="micromech_mura">{{cite book |last1=Mura |first1=Toshio | Residual stresses, e.g. introduced by manufacturing processes or by welding of structural members, reflect the eigenstrain state of the material.<ref n ...

...materials. Friction welding methods of are often considered as solid-state welding. ...и 1958-02, страница 32, О. КАРЫШЕВ, Ленинград.jpg|thumb|299x299px|Friction welding description in the newspaper [[Tekhnika Molodezhi|Техника - молодёжи]] 1958 ...

|Universal, welding, marine |Universal, welding, marine ...

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...a biaxial test is required in order to examine the [[Plasticity (physics)|plastic]] behaviour.<ref name=":1" /> ...perties of sheet material like [[thin film]]s. HBT can better describe the plastic properties of a sheet at large [[Strain (mechanics)|strains]] since the str ...

...This behavior is particularly beneficial for the winding processes where a plastic deformation of the wire is unavoidable immediately before the depositing of ...l body posts (the posts are also intended to make contacts by soldering or welding): By letting the three axes run in a way that a spiral movement of the wire ...

{{short description|Electrical capacitor with an insulating plastic film as the dielectric}} [[File:Wiki-Folkos-P1090317-1.jpg|thumb|upright=1.5|Plastic film capacitors potted in rectangular casings, or dipped in epoxy lacquer c ...

...il (fastener)|nailing]] (with or without clenching the nail ends), [[forge welding]], and many kinds of binding with cord made of leather or fiber, using many ...screw is designed to cut its own thread, usually in a fairly soft metal or plastic, in the same way as a wood screw (wood screws are actually self-tapping, bu ...