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...cus&pg=PA38|page=38|title=Optical Imaging and Aberrations: Ray geometrical optics|first=Virendra N.|last=Mahajan|date=April 6, 1998|publisher=SPIE Press|via= ...://books.google.com/books?id=hcq_40I_7egC&q=afocal&pg=PA190|page=187|title=Optics in Photography|first=Rudolf|last=Kingslake|date=April 6, 1992|publisher=SPI ...

...ield is thereafter computed by integrating these currents using [[physical optics]] (PO), by the [[Kirchhoff's diffraction formula]]. The current <math>\vec{ ...edges needs to be handled separately. The SBR method can be extended with physical theory of diffraction (PTD) in order to include edge diffraction in the mod ...

....|title=Sub-Poissonian photon statistics in resonance fluorescence|journal=Optics Letters|volume=4|issue=7|year=1979|pages=205–7|issn=0146-9592|doi=10.1364/O ...lauber|first1=Roy J.|title=The Quantum Theory of Optical Coherence|journal=Physical Review|volume=130|issue=6|year=1963|pages=2529–2539|issn=0031-899X|doi=10.1 ...

...omentum]], or [[angular momentum]] between the [[optical field]] and the [[physical system]]. In contrast a '''non-parametric process''' is a process in which ===Linear optics=== ...

...of light <math>(\hat{\alpha})</math>, and the angular [[diameter]] [[lens (optics)|lens]]-source <math>\left(D_{ds}\right)</math> and observer-source <math>\ ...

....sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780128110027000102|work=Nonlinear Optics (Fourth Edition)|pages=1–64|editor-last=Boyd|editor-first=Robert W.|publish ...ion of Light|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRev.128.1761|journal=Physical Review|volume=128|issue=4|pages=1761–1775|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.128.1761|bibc ...

...Glauber]] set a solid foundation for the [[quantum electronics]]/[[quantum optics]] enterprise. The experimental development of the optical [[maser]] and lat ...ss, New Jersey, 1983, pp. 52-55.</ref> in that it expresses the meaning of physical law in terms of measured facts (relationships), counting events in the dete ...

...le=Dielectric rectangular waveguide and directional coupler for integrated optics|journal=Bell Syst. Tech. J. |volume=48|issue=7|pages=2071–2102|doi=10.1002/ ...sly upwards-and-downwards as well as left-and-rightwards. In a [[Physical optics|wave description]], the mode is formed by a [[standing wave]] in both horiz ...

...dually acquired by a [[Gaussian beam]] around its [[beam waist]] ([[Focus (optics)|focus]]). It is named after [[Louis Georges Gouy]]. [[Category:Physical optics]] ...

...requencies. They have since been found to describe systems in [[non-linear optics]],<ref> | title = Introduction to Nonlinear Optics ...

...on the carrier-envelope phase fall into the category of highly [[nonlinear optics]]. [[Category:Nonlinear optics]] ...

...in Li III|url=https://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.77.5206|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=77|issue=26|pages=5206–5209|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.7 ...resentation of the 2005 Willis E. Lamb Award for Laser Science and Quantum Optics|url=https://www.lambaward.org/2005/presentation/index.html|access-date=2020 ...

...''P'''.<ref name="Born and Wolf">Max Born and Emil Wolf, ''[[Principles of Optics]]'', 7th edition, 1999, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 418–421. ...ix 2: The Kirchhoff Diffraction Theory}}</ref><ref>Introduction to Fourier Optics J. Goodman sec. 3.3.3</ref> ...

...s?id=3U2HSMHsouMC&pg=PA97 p. 97]</ref><ref>Paul Hartman: ''A Memoir on The Physical Review: A History of the First Hundred Years'', Springer, 2008, {{ISBN|978- ...oton Interference due to Motion in an Atomic Collective Excitation|journal=Physical Review Letters|volume=118|issue=25|pages=253601|doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.118 ...

{{Short description|Generalization of laser spectroscopy in quantum optics}} "Quantum-optical spectroscopy of semiconductors". ''Physical Review A'' '''73''' (1). ...

=== Ray optics description === ...ed from its original orientation, as if it were passing through a [[prism (optics)|prism]]. This ray is no longer parallel, so it doesn't intersect the focal ...

...rl=https://journals.aps.org/prb/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevB.50.5528 |journal=Physical Review B |volume=50 |issue=8 |pages=5528–5544 |doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.50.5528 ...o|first1=Hartmut Haug, Antti-Pekka|title=Quantum kinetics in transport and optics of semiconductors|date=2008|publisher=Springer|location=Berlin|isbn=978-354 ...

* [[Fourier optics]] ...s in finite geometries|first=G. S. |last=Agarwal|journal=[[Physical Review|Physical Review A]]|date=January 1975|volume=11|issue=1|page=230-242|doi=10.1103/Phy ...

...url=https://journals.aps.org/pra/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevA.52.4145|journal=Physical Review A|volume=52 |issue=5 |pages=4145–4154|doi=10.1103/PhysRevA.52.4145|p ...//www.osapublishing.org/oe/fulltext.cfm?uri=oe-17-5-3818&id=176890|journal=Optics Express|volume=17 |issue=5 |pages=3818–3826|language=EN|doi=10.1364/OE.17.0 ...

...''_e ("e" for "energetic", to avoid confusion with [[Photometry (optics)|photometric]] quantities), is defined as<ref name="GoldBook">{{GoldBookRef [[Category:Physical quantities]] ...