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...in flux''. ''Handbook of the Philosophy of Science. Volume 14: Philosophy of Linguistics''. Elsevier.</ref> ...pe theory and language: From perception to linguistic communication. Draft of book chapters available from https://sites.google.com/site/typetheorywithre ...

...time]] of the algorithm with nearly minimal length, rather than the length of the minimal algorithm. ...gical Depth |url=https://doi.org/10.1007/s00224-016-9672-6 |journal=Theory of Computing Systems |language=en |volume=60 |issue=2 |pages=280–298 |doi=10.1 ...

== Substitution of variables == == Substitution property of equality == ...

{{Short description|Measure of fairness in machine learning models}} ...1/lectures/FairML2.pdf |website=www2.cs.duke.edu/ |publisher=Duke Computer Science}}</ref> satisfying the formula: ...

...s Institute of Technology]] {{small|([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]])}} |field = [[mathematics]]<br>[[computer science]] ...

...u/research/iep/r/reductio.htm |encyclopedia = The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy |title = Reductio ad absurdum |author = Nicholas Rescher |access-date = 21 This argument form traces back to [[Ancient Greek philosophy]] and has been used throughout history in both formal mathematical and phil ...

...48-6 |pages=80–81 |language=en}}</ref> It is the most widely known example of duality in logic.<ref name=":0" /> The duality consists in these [[metalogi ...nction]] can be defined in terms of each other, and consequently, only one of them needs to be taken as primitive.<ref name=":13" /><ref name=":0" /> ...

...r graphics]] geometry software. SMS was acquired by [[Nvidia]] Corporation of Santa Clara, CA in May 2022 and was dissolved as a separate corporate entit ...ward geometric compatibility with the two systems used at Boeing then. One of these systems had evolved due to the iterative process inherent to wing des ...

...ies''' are a formalism for describing [[Property (philosophy)|properties]] of computational systems. Hyperproperties generalize [[safety and liveness pro Elaborating on the example of non-interference: Non-interference can't be represented as a "property" in ...

| fields = [[Mathematics]] [[Computer Science]] [[Cryptography]] | education = [[Sharif University of Technology]] ...

...s New Mind]]'' (1989), where he used it to provide the basis of his theory of consciousness: [[orchestrated objective reduction]]. ...truth"). However, Gödel's statement is actually true in the standard model of natural numbers. See {{cite book |author=Mendelson, Elliot |title=Introduct ...

{{short description|Subfield of econophysics which applies quantum theory to finance}} ...anch of [[econophysics]]. Quantum computing is now being used for a number of financial applications, including fraud detection, stock price prediction, ...

...d=1-s2.0-S1877050914007029-main.pdf&_valck=1 | journal = Procedia Computer Science | volume = 32 | pages = 856–861 | doi = 10.1016/j.procs.2014.05.502 | doi-a ...letter to ''[[Nature (journal)|Nature]]'' responding to an earlier review of his book in that journal: ...

...Arts|BA]])<br>[[Purdue University]] ([[Master of Science|MS]], [[Doctor of Philosophy|PhD]]) ...he is the former Johnson Family University Professor and professor emerita of mathematics at [[DePauw University]] in [[Greencastle, Indiana]]. Her math ...

...nt of register x during the execution of the loop do not affect the number of passes.) The language also was the topic of the unpublished PhD thesis of Ritchie.{{sfn|Brock|2020}}{{sfn|Ritchie|1967}} ...

{{Short description|Outermost or uppermost layer of a physical object or space}} {{About||the computer|Microsoft Surface|other uses}} ...

...= [[Budapest University of Technology and Economics|Technical University of Budapest]] | thesis_title = On the theory of mean values ...

...e=2023-02-21 |website=www.jstor.org |language=en}}</ref> with the metaphor of lens capturing seeing the world as mathematics. ...l learning |url=https://doi.org/10.1108/13665620310504783 |journal=Journal of Workplace Learning |volume=15 |issue=7/8 |pages=313–318 |doi=10.1108/136656 ...

| fields = [[Logic]]<br />Ethics<br />[[Mathematics]]<br />philosophy<br />[[Religious study]]<br />[[Social issues]]<br />Education ...iversity of Warsaw]]<br />[[Polish Academy of Sciences]]<br />[[University of Amsterdam]] ...

{{Short description|Extension of modal logic}} ...''' is an extension of [[modal logic]] capable of encoding properties of [[computer program]]s. ...