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==Theories== ...a010 |title=Does Choice Really Imply Excluded Middle? Part II: Historical, Philosophical, and Foundational Reflections on the Goodman–Myhill Result† |date=2021 |las ...

...mbers Could Not Be">Paul Benacerraf (1965), “What Numbers Could Not Be”, ''Philosophical Review'' Vol. 74, pp. 47–73.</ref><ref>Bob Hale and Crispin Wright (2002) [ ...relation to other [[Elementarily equivalent|elementarily-equivalent]] set-theories not [[Law of identity|identical]] to the one chosen.<ref name= "What Number ...

The '''tetrahedral hypothesis''' is an [[Superseded scientific theories|obsolete scientific theory]] attempting to explain the arrangement of the [ ...ttps://books.google.com/books?id=4lULAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA445 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |isbn=978-1-4223-7253-1 |pages=445–472 }}</ref></blockquote> ...

...pke's]] modal argument against [[Descriptivist theory of names|description theories of proper names]], as well as for refining and defending the thesis that th * "In the Mood," ''[[Journal of Philosophical Logic]]'' 33, 2004, pp.&nbsp;607–630. ...

...tephen Gull|title=Gravity, gauge theories and geometric algebra|journal= [[Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A]]|volume=356|pages=487–582|date=1998|is {{theories of gravitation}} ...

...two theories agree in many cases, they give different verdicts in certain philosophical thought experiments. For example, EDT prescribes taking only one box in [[N Different decision theories are often examined in their recommendations for action in different [[thoug ...

...lated results showing that under certain conditions, the only [[Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)|coherent]] social choice function is given by the [[util ...ionality]] (or equivalently, [[Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)|philosophical coherence]]). ...

...ar=2009 |title=On truth-conditions for if (but not quite only if) |journal=Philosophical Review |volume=118 |issue=3|doi=10.1215/00318108-2009-002}}</ref> ...-last2=Stalnaker |editor-last3=Pearce |encyclopedia=Ifs |title= Two Recent Theories of Conditionals |year=1980 |publisher=Springer|doi=10.1007/978-94-009-9117- ...

...ver formed, is a ''collection'', a synonym for what other [[set theory|set theories]] refer to as a [[Class (set theory)|class]]. The things that make up a col ...oted by infix '=', does not play the role in '''S''' it plays in other set theories, and Boolos does not make fully explicit whether the background [[first-ord ...

'''Revision theory''' is a subfield of [[philosophical logic]]. It consists of a general theory of [[definition]]s, including (but ...and philosophical logic. It has been used to provide circular analyses of philosophical and logical concepts. ...

...ield theory]], '''Elitzur's theorem''' states that in [[gauge theory|gauge theories]], the only operators that can have non-vanishing [[vacuum expectation valu ...f>{{cite journal|last1=Friedreich|first1=S.|authorlink1=|date=2012|title=A Philosophical Look at the Higgs Mechanism|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44113589|journ ...

...n other expressions for the masses. This shows that in comparing different theories... we must proceed very cautiously."<ref>{{Citation |author=Miller, Arthur He wanted this for philosophical reasons, so as to incorporate [[Mach's principle]] in a reasonable way. He ...

...ation of problems that seemed already to have been solved within classical theories" and provided important confirmation for his atomic theory.<ref name = Robo ...

...3/type/journal_article|journal=[[Mathematical Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society]]|language=en|volume=58|issue=4|pages=563–568|doi=10.1017/S03050041 ...3..090F |s2cid=1908174 |issn=1029-8479}}</ref> In the case of quiver gauge theories of [[D-brane|D-branes]] probing [[Calabi–Yau]] singularities, this count is ...

Beginning in the 1960s, several philosophical logicians—most notably Ernest Adams and [[Robert Stalnaker]]—floated the i ...=1989 |title=Probabilities of conditionals – Revisited |journal=Journal of Philosophical Logic |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=423–428 |doi=10.1007/BF00262944 |jstor=302 ...

...le or of a compound fluid? | last=Barlow | first=Peter | journal=Edinburgh Philosophical Journal | year=1825 | volume=12 | pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id= [[Category:Obsolete theories in physics]] ...

...ause of some of the ascent and suspension of water in capillary tubes,"] ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London'', '''30''' : 739–747. ...nts, relating to the action of glass tubes upon water and quicksilver,"] ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London'', '''30''' : 1083–1096.</ref> ...

This is a '''glossary of mereology'''. [[Mereology]] is the philosophical study of part-whole relationships, also called parthood relationships.<ref ...ame="Lando2017">{{Cite book |last=Lando |first=Giorgio |title=Mereology: a philosophical introduction |date=2017 |publisher=Bloomsbury Academic |isbn=978-1-4725-836 ...

...phy]] and has been used throughout history in both formal mathematical and philosophical reasoning, as well as in debate. In mathematics, the technique is called '' ...[Abhidharma]] schools (mainly [[Vaibhāṣika|''Vaibhasika'']]) which posited theories of ''[[svabhava]]'' (essential nature) and also the Hindu [[Nyaya|Nyāya]] a ...

...ly when normal [[experience]] fails), rather than as a tool in formalizing theories. This links to the question of it using mathematics in a less formally rigo ..."theory" can be used ambiguously in this sense, not to describe scientific theories, but research (sub)fields and programmes. Examples: relativity theory, qua ...