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...les arranged around an axis.<ref name="XFEL"/> They are used in [[particle accelerators]]<ref name="XFEL">{{cite web|url=http://xfelinfo.desy.de/en/lexikon.sextupo == In particle accelerators == ...

...eld per path length as a function of the energy loss per path length for a particle traversing a [[scintillator]], and gives a relation that is not linear at h ...rs| journal=Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment| year=2021| volume=988| ...

...gston]] and [[Hartland Snyder]] that lead to the revolution in high energy accelerators design by applying [[strong focusing]] principle.<ref name="cs1952">{{Cite ...rmulas|Frenet–Serret coordinate system]]. Assuming small deviations of the particle in all directions and after linearization of all the fields one will come t ...

|title= RF Linear Accelerators ...ration voltage''' means the effective [[voltage]] surpassed by a charged [[particle]] along a defined straight line. If not specified further, the term is like ...

...applications, from [[cathode ray tube]]s over [[electron microscopy]] to [[particle accelerator]]s. ...onfiguration a customized magnetic field can be formed to manipulate the [[particle beam]]. ...

{{short description|Degree of self-interaction of a charged particle beam}} ...Microwave cavity|RF cavities]], and other elements encountered along the [[Particle Accelerator|accelerator]] or [[storage ring]]. ...

|title= RF Linear Accelerators When a particle is deflected in transverse direction, the definition of the shunt impedance ...

...e change in [[spin polarization|polarization]] which a high energy charged particle beam in a [[storage ring]] will undergo .../0034-4885/68/9/R01/ "Spin-polarized charged particle beams in high-energy accelerators" by S. Mane et al. (2005)</ref> It is named after the French physicists [[: ...

...It is important in experimental and theoretical studies of interactions at particle colliders. Particle accelerators and colliders produce collisions (interactions) of particles (like the [[el ...

...single dimension and velocities (or momenta) along that dimension of every particle in a beam are plotted on a [[phase space]] diagram, an [[ellipse]] enclosin ...z.<ref name="Wiedemann">{{cite book |last1=Wiedemann |first1=Helmut |title=Particle accelerator physics |date=2007 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |isbn=9 ...

...or experimenting on the [[Higgs boson]]. It would be the world's largest [[particle accelerator]] with a circumference of {{convert|100|km|mi}}.<ref name="natu ...e SUSY particle decays into another plus a Standard Model particle, the SM particle will likely escape detection in a Hadron collider. In an e+e− collider, sin ...

...th amplitude''' is an important concept in circular [[Particle accelerator|accelerators]] or [[synchrotron]]s. The machine may be described via a symplectic one t ...o either the initial position, or more formally, the initial action of the particle. ...

...IS group studies the application of high-powered lasers to build compact [[particle accelerator]]s. The BELLA laser was developed for the purposes of studying ...cle-acceleration-record/40368 |title=Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator breaks particle acceleration record |author=Joseph Nordqvist |date=December 9, 2014 |publis ...

...dynamic (electromagnetic) particle accelerators|oscillating field particle accelerators]], in which the particles are accelerated by oscillating electric fields. ...ating accelerators do not have this limitation, so they can achieve higher particle energies than electrostatic machines. ...

'''Quantum excitation''' is the effect in circular [[particle accelerator|accelerators]] or storage rings whereby the discreteness of photon emission causes the c In particular, the normalized power spectrum emitted by a charged particle moving in a bending magnet is given by ...

...proach" (PFA).<ref>J. C. Brient, Improving the jet reconstruction with the particle flow method: An introduction, Prepared for 11th International Conference on ...ic calorimeter called physics prototype for study series in various test [[particle beams]]. ...

...physics]], '''luminosity''' (''L'') is the ratio of the number of [[event (particle physics)|events]] detected (''dN'') in a certain period of time (''dt'') to ...on the [[particle beam|particle beam parameters]], such as beam width and particle flow rate, as well as the target properties, such as target size and densit ...

...1913, was one of the first fixed-target experiments, in which the [[alpha particle]]s were targeted at a thin gold foil.<ref name=":0" /><ref name=":1">{{cite ...nts.<ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fixed Target and Colliding Beam Accelerators|url=https://www.hep.ucl.ac.uk/undergrad-projects/3rdyear/PPguide/ftcba.htm| ...

{{short description|Circular particle accelerator concept}} ...nt Accelerator''' ('''FFA'''; also abbreviated '''FFAG''') is a circular [[particle accelerator]] concept that can be characterized by its time-independent mag ...

...field]] device used in [[particle accelerator]]s to inject or extract a [[particle beam]] into or from a [[synchrotron]].<ref>{{cite report |docket= CERN-2010 ...